化学气相浸渗2DCf/(SiC-C)复合材料的微观结构与强韧性

采用等温等压化学气相浸渗法(ICVI)制备了二维碳纤维增韧碳化硅碳二元基复合材料(2D Cf/(SiC-C)).利用扫描电镜(SEM)和背散射电子成像(BSE)研究了其基体的微观结构,并与二维碳纤维增韧碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(2D Cf/SiC)比较了室温力学性能和断口形貌.结果表明:2D Cf/(SiC-C)复合材料的基体是由SiC与热解碳(PyC)组成的多层结构,PyC基体层分布均匀而连续,且与SiC基体层结合紧密.纤维束内部PyC基体层较厚的2D Cf/(SiC-C)复合材料具有较高的强韧性,其拉伸强度、断裂应变、断裂韧性和断裂功分别比2D Cf/SiC复合材料的提高了3%、142%、22%和58%.SiC与PyC组成的多层基体使2D Cf/(SiC-C)复合材料的纤维在拔出过程中发生了两次集中拔出,且第一次集中拔出的纤维对复合材料的强韧性起主要作用.     

疲劳氧化环境中3D SiCf/SiC复合材料损伤演变

研究了疲劳氧化环境中3D SiC_f/SiC复合材料损伤演变,并对该环境中SiC_f/SiC复合材料的失效机制进行了分析。结果表明,疲劳氧化环境中3D SiC_f/SiC复合材料的损伤主要为：基体开裂;热解碳界面相脱粘、氧化及取向性排列;纤维断裂、氧化及其结构的改变。这些损伤使氧化性气体通过基体开裂形成的裂纹不断氧化复合材料内部;界面相脱粘和取向性排列使纤维更容易拔出;纤维的氧化、纤维中无定形碳的增多以及SiC晶粒的长大导致纤维强度降低。     

烧结温度对Cf/SiC复合材料结构及性能的影响

以碳纤维为增强体, 热压烧结制备了C_f/SiC复合材料, 研究了烧结温度对C_f/SiC复合材料密度、结构及性能的影响. 研究发现: 提高烧结温度能够促进C_f/SiC复合材料的致密度; 当烧结温度低于1850℃时, 升高烧结温度, 复合材料的强度和断裂韧性也随之提高. 当烧结温度为1850℃时, 复合材料的性能最优, 弯曲强度达500.1MPa, 断裂韧性为16.9MPa·m ^1/2. 当烧结温度达到1880℃时, 复合材料性能反而下降.     

原位反应法制备Cf/SiC复合材料MoSi2-SiC-Si涂层

以C_f/SiC复合材料为基体, 采用原位反应法制备了MoSi₂-SiC-Si涂层, 借助XRD、扫描电镜及能谱对涂层的结构及组成进行了分析研究, 并考查了其高温抗氧化性能. 结果表明, 涂层总厚度约120μm, 主要由MoSi₂、SiC和Si组成. MoSi₂-SiC-Si涂层具有优异的高温抗氧化性能, 在1500℃静态空气中氧化96h, 涂层试样失重仅1.8%. 涂层试样失重的主要原因是由于氧气通过涂层中的贯穿性裂纹与C_f/SiC复合材料基体发生了反应.     

C/SiC复合材料的动态力学性能及微观结构分析

对三种不同短切碳纤维体积含量(16%、21%、24.8%)的C/SiC复合材料利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置进行了常温下的冲击力学试验,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试件破坏后的断口进行扫描。实验结果表明:C/SiC复合材料试件动态单轴抗压强度随应变率的增加而增大,表现出较强的应变率效应。在各个复合材料试件的断口均有明显的纤维拔出,随着碳纤维体积含量的增加,断口处被拔出的纤维数量显著增多,且拔出后的长度也相对较长,说明试件制备过程中短切碳纤维与碳化硅基体的结合较紧密,增韧效果也就越理想,由此可以推断纤维拔出是C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的主要吸能和增韧机制。     

不同物相电沉积CNTs对C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

采用电沉积法与化学气相渗透(CVI)法将碳纳米管(CNTs)分别引入到碳纤维表面和SiC基体中,制得了不同物相电沉积CNTs的C/SiC复合材料(CNTs-C)/SiC和C/(CNTs-SiC)。研究了CNTs沉积物相对C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响,分析了不同CNTs沉积物相的C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度及断裂机制。结果表明:相较于未加CNTs的C/SiC复合材料,CNTs沉积到碳纤维表面的(CNTs-C)/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度提高了67.3%,断裂功提高了107.2%;而将CNTs引入到SiC基体中的C/(CNTs-SiC)复合材料的断裂功有所降低,拉伸强度也仅提高了6.9%,CNTs没有表现出明显的增强增韧效果;C/(CNTs-SiC)复合材料与传统的C/SiC复合材料有相似的断裂形貌特征,断裂拔出机制类似,主要为纤维增强增韧,CNTs的作用不明显。     

三维整体编织物增强陶瓷基复合材料的制备工艺及性能表征

本文研究了以连续碳纤维(C_f)三维整体编织物(3D-B)为增强体,以聚碳硅烷(PCS)裂解转化成碳化硅(SiC)为基体的陶瓷基复合材料(CMC)的制备工艺,探讨了不同工艺方法对复合材料微观和宏观性能的影响,并提出进一步改善制各工艺,提高复合材料性能的途径。研究结果表明,采用聚碳硅烷/二乙烯基苯(PCS/DVB)体系浸渍经交联固化后可以大大缩短裂解时间,致密化效率较聚碳硅烷/二甲苯溶液(PCS/Xylene)体系有着显著提高。对于3D-B C_f/SiC CMC用PCS/DVB体系浸渍经7个浸渍裂解周期后试样密度为1.65g/cm3,弯曲强度达326MPa,断裂韧性K_IC为13.72MPa·m1/2;用PCS/Xylene体系浸渍的试样密度为1.54g/cm3,弯曲强度为243MPa,断裂韧性K_IC为8.19MPa·m1/2。研究中利用扫描电镜观察了弯曲试样的断口以分析材料破坏时纤维的断裂、拨出形貌。     

先驱体转化法制备碳纤维增强碳化硅复合材料的研究

本文采用有机硅先驱体聚碳硅烷转化成碳化硅制备连续碳纤维增强的碳化硅基复合材料。对其制备工艺,如碳纤维体积分数的控制、液相浸渍聚碳硅烷热解转化成碳化硅基体的致密化等进行了研究。结果表明,该工艺对制备连续纤维增强的陶瓷基复合材料是一种有效的方法,易于实现纤维和基体的成型、复合。致密化过程不损伤纤维。对其C/SiC复合材料的性能进行了表征,C纤维具有明显增韧碳化硅的效果,其断裂机制表现为韧性特征。     

不同界面SiC/SiC复合材料的断裂行为研究

碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(SiC/SiC)是极具前景的高温结构材料。通过先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺分别制备了PyC界面和CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料, 对两种SiC/SiC复合材料的整体力学性能以及界面剪切强度等进行了测试表征, 并对材料中裂纹的产生与扩展进行了原位观测。结果表明, 两种界面SiC/SiC复合材料弯曲强度相近, 但PyC界面SiC/SiC复合材料的断裂韧性约为CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料的两倍。在PyC界面SiC/SiC复合材料中, 裂纹沿纤维-基体界面扩展, PyC涂层能够偏转或阻止裂纹, 材料呈现伪塑性断裂特征; 而在CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料中, 裂纹在扩展路径上遇到界面并不偏转, 初始裂纹最终发展为主裂纹, 材料呈现脆性断裂模式。     

KD-S和KD-Ⅱ SiC_f/SiC复合材料的制备、微观结构及性能（英文）

以KD-S和KD-Ⅱ型碳化硅(SiC)纤维编织件为增强体,通过先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备了以热解炭(PyC)为界面涂层的三维(3D)结构SiC_f/SiC复合材料,系统研究了SiC_f/SiC复合材料的微观结构及性能间的关系。结果表明:KD-S和KD-Ⅱ型SiC纤维均具有晶粒尺寸为8～15 nm的多晶结构;两种SiC_f/SiC复合材料的断口表面均出现了纤维拔出现象,说明两种SiC纤维增强的SiC_f/SiC复合材料均具有典型的伪塑性断裂行为。KD-S SiC_f/SiC复合材料的弯曲强度、弹性模量和断裂韧性分别达到(955.0±42.8) MPa,(110.3±1.7) GPa和(28.5±2.8) MPa·m~(1/2),明显高于KD-ⅡSiC_f/SiC复合材料,这归因于近化学计量比的KD-S型SiC纤维具有较高的模量和耐温性能。由于KD-S和KD-Ⅱ型SiC纤维的结构及成分差异,导致KD-S型SiC纤维表面的PyC界面涂层呈现光滑的多层有序结构,而KD-Ⅱ型SiC纤维表面的PyC为疏松颗粒状结构。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced multilayered (PyC–SiC)n matrix composites

Carbon fiber reinforced multilayered (PyC–SiC)_n matrix (C/(PyC–SiC)_n) composites were prepared by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration. The phase compositions, microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the multilayered matrix consists of alternate layers of PyC and β-SiC deposited on carbon fibers. The flexural strength and toughness of C/(PyC–SiC)_n composites with a density of 1.43 g/cm³ are 204.4 MPa and 3028 kJ/m³ respectively, which are 63.4% and 133.3% higher than those of carbon/carbon composites with a density of 1.75 g/cm³. The enhanced mechanical properties of C/(PyC–SiC)_n composites are attributed to the presence of multilayered (PyC–SiC)_n matrix. Cracks deflect and propagate at both fiber/matrix and PyC–SiC interfaces resulting in a step-like fracture mode, which is conducive to fracture energy dissipation. These results demonstrate that the C/(PyC–SiC)_n composite is a promising structural material with low density and high flexural strength and toughness.     

Mechanical behavior of SiCf/SiC composites with alternating PyC/SiC multilayer interphases

In order to tailor the fiber–matrix interface of continuous silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide (SiC_f/SiC) composites for improved fracture toughness, alternating pyrolytic carbon/silicon carbide (PyC/SiC) multilayer coatings were applied to the KD-I SiC fibers using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Three dimensional (3D) KD-I SiC_f/SiC composites reinforced by these coated fibers were fabricated using a precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. The interfacial characteristics were determined by the fiber push-out test and microstructural examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of interface coatings on composite mechanical properties was evaluated by single-edge notched beam (SENB) test and three-point bending test. The results indicate that the PyC/SiC multilayer coatings led to an optimum interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix and greatly improved the fracture toughness of the composites.     

Mechanical properties of 3D KD-I SiCf/SiC composites with engineered fibre-matrix interfaces

Three-dimensional (3D) silicon carbide (SiC) matrix composites reinforced with KD-I SiC fibres were fabricated by precursor impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) process. The fibre-matrix interfaces were tailored by pre-coating the as-received KD-I SiC fibres with PyC layers of different thicknesses or a layer of SiC. Interfacial characteristics and their effects on the composite mechanical properties were evaluated. The results indicate that the composite reinforced with as-received fibre possessed an interfacial shear strength of 72.1 MPa while the composite reinforced with SiC layer coated fibres had a much higher interfacial shear strength of 135.2 MPa. However, both composites showed inferior flexural strength and fracture toughness. With optimised PyC coating thickness, the interface coating led to much improved mechanical properties, i.e. a flexural strength of 420.6 MPa was achieved when the interlayer thickness is 0.1 μm, and a fracture toughness of 23.1 MPa m^1/2 was obtained for the interlayer thickness of 0.53 μm. In addition, the composites prepared by the PIP process exhibited superior mechanical properties over the composites prepared by the chemical vapour infiltration and vapour silicon infiltration (CVI-VSI) process.     

Fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced carbon fiber/silicon carbide composites by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis process

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-reinforced carbon fiber/silicon carbide (C_f/SiC) composites were prepared using a polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. The MWNTs used in this study were modified using a chemical treatment. The MWNTs were found to be well dispersed in the matrix after ultrasonic dispersion, and the mechanical properties of the C_f/SiC composite were significantly improved by the addition of MWNTs. The addition of 1.5 wt.% of MWNTs to the C_f/SiC composite led to a 29.7% increase in the flexural strength, and a 27.9% increase in the fracture toughness.     

Push-out testing of SiC monofilaments with a TiC based functionally graded coating

Metal matrix composites consisting of SiC monofilaments in Ti-based matrices show great promise for aerospace applications. This work is on a novel graded coating system for SiC monofilaments used to reinforce Ti matrices. SiC Sigma monofilaments were coated with a functionally graded (FG) TiC-based coating (SiC_f/C/(Ti,C)/Ti) using close field un-balanced magnetron sputtering. The coated fibres were incorporated into Ti matrices using hot isostatic pressing. The interfacial properties of the bulk composites were then evaluated using pushout testing of thin composite samples, in order to asses the effect of the graded coating. The tests were repeated on the same samples after heat treatment. The samples were subsequently analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with both secondary and backscattered electron analysis modes to identify the region of failure. The test results indicate that the FG coating offers an improvement on composite fracture toughness over the un-coated fibres by approximately 70% before heat treatment, approximately 35% after heat treatment.     

CVI-iC/TaC改性C/C复合材料的力学性能及其断裂行为

以针刺碳纤维整体毡为预制体,采用化学气相渗透工艺对预制体纤维进行PyC/SiC/TaC的多层复合模式的涂层改性, 然后采用化学气相渗透和热固性树脂浸渍-化进行增密,制备出新型C/C复合材料。对复合材料的微观结构和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:包覆在碳纤维表面的PyC/SiC/TaC多层结构均匀致密、无裂纹,在C/C复合材料中形成空间管状网络结构;改性后C/C复合材料的抗弯强度和韧性均大大提高, 平均抗弯强度达到522 MPa,断裂位移达到1.19mm;复合材料弯曲断裂形式表现为脆性断裂,经过2000℃高温热处理以后,复合材料的抗弯强度下降,但最大断裂位移增大,弯曲断裂形式由脆性断裂转变为良好的假塑性断裂。      

The effect on the tensile properties of PIP-processed SiC/SiC composite of a chemical vapor-infiltrated SiC layer overlaid on the pyrocarbon interface layer

A chemical vapor-infiltrated (CVI) SiC layer is often deposited on the pyrocarbon (PyC) fiber–matrix interface layer in SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix (SiC/SiC) composites. It is normally applied to protect the PyC layer from reacting with molten Si or sintering aids during manufacturing, and to guard against the effects of high temperature, oxidation and moisture during use. In this study, we investigated the effect of this SiC layer on the tensile properties of a composite. Tensile tests of our composite samples showed the SiC layer to have no noticeable effects on its ultimate load or fracture strain, whereas it decreased the load-to-strain ratio and proportional limit. The test results were analyzed by carrying out element tests on filaments and fiber bundle samples, fracture mirror analysis of pullout fibers, and finite element analysis (FEA) of residual thermal stress around the interface.     

预氧化Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料及其构件的抗疲劳特性研究

采用在线销钉集成技术实现了二维C_f/SiC复杂构件的近尺寸成型,并考察预氧化C_f/SiC销钉集成构件的高周疲劳寿命及破坏模式。实验结果表明:C_f/SiC构件在不同激振加速度条件下均表现为由销钉断裂所引起的整体分层破坏,层板连接处为C_f/SiC构件的振动疲劳薄弱部位。通过ANSYS振动应力分析和微观组织分析可以推论出,疲劳试验时,裂纹容易沿着层板间的基体扩展,在基体开裂失效后,全部应力施加于销钉处,最终在疲劳应力作用下销钉发生断裂,导致构件整体分层破坏。     

Improvement of SiCf/SiC density by slurry infiltration and tape stacking

SiC fiber-reinforced SiC–matrix ceramic composites (SiC_f/SiC) were fabricated by vacuum infiltration of a SiC slurry into Tyranno™-SA grade-3 fabrics coated with a 200 nm-thick pyrolytic carbon (PyC) layer followed by hot pressing using a transient eutectic-phase. The density of the composite was improved using a special infiltration apparatus with a pressure gradient and alternating tape insertion between fabrics. Their overall properties were compared with those of monolithic SiC and composite containing chopped fibers. Although the density of the composites decreased with increasing fiber fraction, SiC_f/SiC containing 50 vol.% fibers had a density of 3.13 g/cm³, which is the highest reported thus far. The composites containing continuous fibers had a maximum flexural strength of 607 MPa and a step increase in the stress–displacement behavior during the three-point bending test due to fiber reinforcement, which was not observed in the monolith.