福建开发驱虫农膜母粒

福建省改性塑料技术开发基地以高效低毒驱虫剂（氟虫隆、乙虫脒、双甲脒三种复配）、PE蜡分散剂、硅酸钙保温剂、硅烷偶联剂、紫外光吸收剂、EVA树脂为原料．采用包覆分散、偶联处理、密炼共混、挤出切粒工艺，制备出具有驱虫功能的母粒。此外，该母粒可以3％-4％的比例添加到LDPE树脂中，通过吹塑工艺制成薄膜，用于农田覆盖种植蔬菜瓜果类作物，由于薄膜中驱虫剂的缓慢释放。可有效地驱逐飞虫、叶蝉、卷叶虫、菜青虫、红蜘蛛等害虫，减少农业生产成本，避免农药与蔬菜瓜果直接接触，大幅度减少作物农药使用量及残留，有利于提高作物产量和质量。该技术已获得专利授权。（yt）     

福建省改性塑料技术基地开发驱虫农膜母粒

福建省改性塑料技术开发基地制备出具有驱虫功能的母粒。据悉,该母粒是以高效低毒驱虫剂(氟虫隆、乙虫脒、双甲脒三种复配)、PE蜡分散剂、硅酸钙保温剂、硅烷偶联剂、紫外光吸收剂、EVA树脂为原料,采用包覆分散、偶联处理、密炼共混、挤出切粒工艺,制备出具有驱虫功能的母粒。此外,该母粒可以3%～4%的比例添加到LDPE树脂中,通过吹塑工艺制成薄膜,用于农田覆盖种植蔬菜瓜果类作物,由于薄膜中驱虫剂的缓慢释放,可有效地驱逐害虫,减少农业生产成本,避免农药与蔬菜瓜果直接接触,大幅度减少作物农药使用量及残留,有利于提高作物产量和质量。     

纳米纤维素复合转光膜的制备及应用进展

农用转光膜是在聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯等棚膜中添加光能转换剂,通过促进大棚作物的光合作用来提高作物产量和品质。纤维素复合膜,主要应用于分离、渗透、吸附、抗辐射、抗静电等领域。纳米纤维素复合转光膜在高拉伸强度、高透光率、光能转换等农用转光膜领域具有潜在应用价值。     

聚乙烯红外光转换功能棚膜的研究

研究了光转换剂和红外陶瓷粉对薄膜保温性能的影响 ,同时研究了防静电剂、防雾滴剂对薄膜防静电和防雾滴性能的影响 ,摸索出了聚乙烯红外光转换功能棚膜的最佳配方。实验结果表明 :在寒冷的冬季 ,红外功能膜可以提高棚内地表温度 2～ 3℃。     

消雾型EVA转光膜的研究

分析了聚乙烯流滴膜使用中雾气产生的原因、解决方法及使用效果,介绍了转光剂的加入对透过薄膜的光质与光强的影响及乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)树脂的使用对薄膜综合性能的改善,实际使用效果表明,消雾型EVA转光膜对减少雾气、抑制病害、提早成熟期、提高作物品质、促进增产增收效果显著     

含钐稀土离子转光农膜的制备及其性能研究

将含钐的稀土离子转光剂添加到聚乙烯树脂中,采用母料法制备转光膜,进行荧光分析及其它性能测试,结果表明:与普通薄膜相比,转光农膜能有效吸收264 nm范围的紫外光,在约650 nm处产生很强的红色荧光,并具有很好的光热稳定性;与聚乙烯薄膜具有良好的结合力,且不影响薄膜的加工工艺与物理性能;在薄膜加工中原有组分的光学性能基本保持不变.     

含饱和配位铕(Ⅲ)配合物转光膜的制备及其性能研究

将饱和配位铕(Ⅲ)配合物作为转光剂添加到低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)树脂中,采用母料法制备转光膜,并对其进行荧光分析及其他性能测试。结果表明:与普通薄膜相比,该转光膜能有效吸收紫外光,在623 nm产生很强的红色荧光,并具有良好的光热稳定性;转光剂与LDPE基体具有良好的相容性,其添加不影响薄膜的加工工艺及物理性能;在转光膜的加工过程中,薄膜原有组分的光学性能基本保持不变,但随着转光剂添加量的增加,转光膜的黄度指数逐渐增大。     

降解性聚乙烯避蚜地膜的研制与应用

根据蚜虫对银灰色光有强烈的反趋向习性,对降解性聚乙烯避蚜地膜进行了研究和应用试验。以铝粉为吸则光介质做成银灰母为,与基础树脂ＬＬＤＰＥ混合、挤出吹塑做成降解聚乙烯避蚜地膜,铝粉含量为１．８％～３．０％。大田应用证明：降解性聚乙烯避蚜地膜具有降解、强化作物光合作用等性能。当银灰色光反射率达３０％以上时,所制薄膜具有增产作物、驱避蚜虫、防治病毒害、抑制杂草生长等效。     

消雾型PVC无滴大棚膜的研制和应用

简述了消雾气剂的作用机理及消雾型PVC无滴农用大棚膜的性能特点,着重分析了产品对农作物生长环境的改善及对作物病害的影响。试验表明,用该类型薄膜制作大棚,可有效地消除棚内雾气,降低棚内湿度,明显减少棚内农作物发生病害,对农作物生长很有利。     

农用聚乙烯吹塑转光膜的开发与应用

简要论述了我国农业资源的现状和光能转换技术对我国农业发展的必要性,通过转光膜的性能测试和农田栽培试验表明农用聚乙烯吹塑转光膜能有效地改善农作物的光照条件,提高光能利用率,更好地提高温室效应和栽培效益,有益于农业作物的增产增收。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。