三峡船闸安全监测自动化系统建设

介绍了三峡船闸安全监测自动化系统建设情况,包括其系统结构、组成和主要功能等,着重叙述了系统多级防雷击措施、提高系统通信可靠性的环形与星形混合拓扑网络结构方案以及系统集成的数据存取方案等,为准备建设或需要改造的大坝及水工建筑物安全监测自动化系统提供一个参考方案.     

彭水水电站工程安全监测自动化系统方案比选

自动化监测系统对确保工程安全运行具有举足轻重的作用。结合彭水水电站安全监测自动化系统的建设经验,介绍了系统方案比选原则及比选过程,对选定方案的适合、先进性做了阐述。     

信州区小型水库安全监测系统设计研究

江西省上饶市信州区共有水库69座,均为小型水库,受资金有限、建设标准偏低等因素影响,大多数小型水库存在自动化程度低、安全监测设施缺失、监测数据集成不足等运行管理问题。为加强小型水库安全保障能力建设,拟建设覆盖小型水库的安全监测和雨水情监测系统。文章分析了信州区水库监测系统建设试点的建设原则、内容,雨水情测报与安全监测系统的设计思路、系统建设方案,可对未来小型水库安全监测系统建设提供一定的参考。     

鹿城区海塘堤防安全监测自动化系统的升级与实践

针对鹿城区七都海堤监测自动化程度低,安全监测以人工监测为主,闸门自动化数据不能联网共享等缺点,开展鹿城区海塘堤防安全监测自动化系统的建设。本次升级建设从鹿城区七都海堤监测自动化的实际情况出发,从控制中心改造、闸门泵站工情数据采集、沉降位移监测自动化以及网络安全等进行综合建设,大幅提升区域海塘安全监测能力和防潮动态研判能力,建立起工情数据接收、海堤安全自动监测判别、区域预警及消息自动推送、中心工作会商能力提升等工作机制和闭环管理,并实现该数字化应用场景与省厅工程运管无缝衔接,经实践证明,该系统对海堤数字化监测研究及实践具有重要意义,提炼形成了可复制、可推广的经验方案。     

光明水库大坝安全监测系统建设探讨

结合光明水库实际,从坝体表面变形监测、库水位监测、库区降雨量监测、浸润线监测等几个方面,提出水库安全监测自动化系统的建设方案,为类似项目的开展提供了思路。     

西藏满拉水利枢纽工程安全监测自动化系统改造设计探讨

西藏满拉水利枢纽工程安全监测自动化系统结合国内工程安全监测技术、自动化技术的发展,充分考虑利用原有仪器设备、节约工程投资等要求,进行了全面升级改造。该系统改造方案侧重于大坝内部安全监测系统的升级,改造后大坝安全监测自动化技术可达到国内先进水平,对其他类似工程的安全监测自动化系统升级改造具有一定的借鉴意义。     

新疆和田地区小型水库大坝自动化安全监测系统建设

新疆和田地区小型水库设施较多,人工安全监测实施难度较高,为保证大坝安全监测质量,自动化监测系统建设是十分重要的.从现场测站设计、管理站配置、通讯设计、供电方式、系统运行等多个方面剖析和田地区大坝自动化安全监测系统建设,可为类似工程自动监测系统建设提供参考.     

长江科学院工程安全与灾害防治研究所中标中国长江三峡集团公司两个自动化监测项目

正2019年3月初,长江科学院工程安全与灾害防治研究所(以下简称工程安全所)喜获中国三峡建设管理有限公司(中国长江三峡集团公司全资子公司)"向家坝水电站安全监测自动化系统"和长江电力股份有限公司(中国长江三峡集团公司控股的上市公司)"溪洛渡水电站进水口水温度监测系统"两个自动化监测项目的中标通知书。长江科学院工程安全所以性能优良的自主知识产权产品、先进的技术方案以及合理的报价中标向家坝水电站安全监测自动化系统项目,这是长江科学院继中标溪洛渡水电站安全监测自动化系统之后,再次中标中国长江三峡集团公司特大型     

丹河水库大坝安全监测系统的建设与应用

根据丹河水库大坝安全监测设施的现状运行情况,剖析其存在的问题,并形成丹河水库大坝安全自动化监测系统维修改造方案,为相关水库的安全监测系统维修改造及建设提供参考借鉴。     

阿海水电站强震系统与观测自动化系统的联合运用

针对阿海水电站强震监测系统、观测自动化系统各自独立工作,不能实现信息共享给监测工作带来诸多不便的现状,在进一步分析现有各安全监测系统运行特点的基础上,提出了监测系统的联合运用方案并实施,实现了系统间深度集成、数据统一管理及震后自动采集等功能,为建设智能化电站奠定基础。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。