基于指尖位置的人手与HIT/DLR灵巧手运动映射

分别建立人手和HIT/DLR机器人灵巧手的几何模型,并分析两者之间的结构差异及其产生的运动映射问题.通过数据手套测得人手关节角度,利用人手模型和人手运动学关系计算得到人手指尖位置,通过改进的指尖位置的映射方法,将人手的运动映射到机器人灵巧手上,解决了人手运动空间和灵巧手空间不一致的问题.仿真试验结果表明该映射方法是有效和直观的,能满足对HIT/DLR机器人灵巧手遥操作的需要.     

外骨骼康复机器人的正向运动学仿真分析

针对外骨骼康复机器人,本文根据人手的功能和运动约束,对机器人进行模块化设计,并建立了机器人位置正向运动学方程及外骨骼康复机器人抓取杯子的仿真模型,运用ADAMS/Hydraulics模块进行运动学仿真,仿真结果表明,虚拟手指运动机构实现了角加速、匀速、减速的运动状态,并得出了康复机械手关节角速度在0～170rad/s范围内人手可以完成关节弯曲运动的康复运动。虚拟指模型的运动学分析为外骨骼康复机械设备的研究提供了必要的理论依据和参数。     

基于VRML的机器人空间连续轨迹运动仿真

以虚拟现实建模语言VRML（Virtual Reality Modeling Languange）辅以3DMAX作为建模工具，建立了机器人的三维模型．利用Java与虚拟现实建模语言之间外部编程方式的交互，实现了机器人正运动学、逆运动学及连续轨迹运动仿真．当进行连续轨迹运动仿真时，建立工件的三维模型，提取工件棱边信息，机器人可以实现沿着工件轮廓的三维运动，模拟去除工件毛刺、进行光整加工的过程．仿真以六自由度机器人作为仿真对象，但具有很强的适应性．     

面向任务的机器人灵巧手控制系统及多指空间协调阻抗控制

为提高多指灵巧手的控制和操作性能,提出了基于集中控制-分层处理的DLR/HIT Ⅱ机器人灵巧手实时控制系统结构,并建立了基于Simulink/QNX的实时控制平台和嵌入式驱动控制层,极大地简化了高集成度机电一体化灵巧手的控制器设计过程,并实现灵巧手在多自由度仿机器人上的无缝连接,进行了多指灵巧手空间协调阻抗控制的研究,基于手指指尖位置建立了适用于任意手指数目n的机器人灵巧手物体空间坐标系,并基于六维空间虚拟弹簧的阻抗思想和关节力矩反馈实现了以被抓取物体位置和姿态为控制目标的多指灵巧手空间协调阻抗控制.在基于Simulink/QNX的实时控制平台上对DLR/HIT Ⅱ灵巧手进行了空间协调阻抗控制实验,实验结果表明了灵巧手控制软硬件系统和控制策略的有效性和稳定性.在未降低灵巧手自由度的前提下,将DLR/HIT Ⅱ多指灵巧手协调抓取操作的控制输入量由30个减为6个,为提高抓取规划算法效率提供了稳定高效的新型控制策略.     

面向在轨测量任务的伴飞机器人三维仿真系统

为了避免空间伴飞机器人末端探测器与自身载体或者与待测航天器之间发生碰撞,在实际进行在轨测量之前,需要对其末端探测器轨迹规划方法进行充分的三维图形仿真.针对现有空间机器人地面仿真系统不能可视化的问题,设计了一种基于虚拟现实技术的三维仿真系统.首先,建立了基于Open Inventor的空间机器人三维实体几何模型,并构建反应空间机器人逻辑位置的三维仿真场景.然后,基于数据传输技术和构建的三维仿真场景建立了空间机器人可视化三维仿真系统.最后,建立空间机器人运动学模型并对空间机器人末端执行器跟踪的圆弧轨迹进行规划.仿真结果表明,利用该系统可直观得到空间机器人的运动过程以及空间机器人载体的运动特性,有利于空间机器人的轨迹规划和控制算法的仿真研究,可避免因不当轨迹规划而造成空间机器人发生碰撞.     

YWZ灵巧手运动学分析和交互式仿真

对一种多自由度的灵巧机械手进行了运动学分析以及交互式的运动学仿真。首先介绍了YWZ灵巧机械手的机械结构和自由度,然后通过D-H方法得出YWZ灵巧机械手的运动学方程,最后提出一种交互式的运动学仿真方法对YWZ灵巧机械手进行运动学仿真。仿真结果表明：交互式的灵巧机械手运动学仿真能在仿真过程中实时调整虚拟灵巧手各个关节的旋转方向、角度,优化抓取动作,不必反复设置运动学参数,提高了运动学仿真的效率,有利于灵巧手机械结构的设计和控制方案的改进,为灵巧手的研制和实际控制提供理论依据。     

基于VRML的机器人空间连续轨迹运动仿真

以虚拟现实建模语言VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language)辅以3DMAX作为建模工具, 建立了机器人的三维模型. 利用Java与虚拟现实建模语言之间外部编程方式的交互, 实现了机器人正运动学、逆运动学及连续轨迹运动仿真. 当进行连续轨迹运动仿真时, 建立工件的三维模型, 提取工件棱边信息, 机器人可以实现沿着工件轮廓的三维运动, 模拟去除工件毛刺、进行光整加工的过程. 仿真以六自由度机器人作为仿真对象, 但具有很强的适应性.     

气动柔性五指机械手运动空间与抓取实验研究

设计了一种气动柔性五指机械手,采用单驱动型和多驱动型单向弯曲柔性关节作为单自由度手指关节,可完成多自由度抓、握、捏等人手灵活动作;搭建机械手运动学实验平台和抓取实验系统,利用3D运动捕捉系统,得到了机械手各手指运动空间,机械手可稳定抓取日常生活中不同外形和质量的物体,验证了其有类似人手的抓取能力。实验结果表明：机械手各手指基本完成了设计要求,实现各自抓取功能,具有良好的柔顺性和适应性。     

基于Matlab的模块化机器人运动学仿真

针对六自由度模块化机器人,使用D-H法对机器人建立模型,进行运动学分析,完成机械臂精确控制和轨迹规划.通过Matlab软件构造仿真模型,实现机械臂实体模型的线条化表示,简化了机器人三维结构建模的过程.重点进行关节运动学机理分析,利用Matlab软件的矩阵运算能力强大的优点,对模块化机器人的正、逆运动学问题进行求解,以及对轨迹规划进行仿真,分析机器人运动规律,为机器人运动控制提供理论依据.     

一种新型并联机床的最优轨迹规划

提出了一种新型并联机床的最优轨迹规划方法,其过程是在参数空间进行轨迹规划,再将参数空间的运动轨迹映射到关节空间。在轨迹规划中,以雅可比矩阵条件数的倒数作为适应度函数,利用遗传算法优化了并联机床的多余自由度。仿真计算结果表明:最优轨迹规划方法既能给出并联机床加工过程中的灵巧构型,又可使得并联机床获得平稳的运动性能。     

Three-Dimensional Kinematics Simulation of Robot Fighting Platform in Virtual Environment

A method of 3D kinematics simulation of robot fighting platform (RFP) in virtual environment is proposed with the aim of enhancing vision telepresence. Based on the theory of space coordinate transformation, kinematics equations of RFP are formulated; followed by applying a method of modeling using 3DMAX software to build an RFPs 3D geometric model before a 3D kinematics simulation system of RFP is completed based on virtual reality technology and Open Inventor VC++. Test results have indicated that this system can perform RFPs kinematics simulation in virtual environment. It can also imitate RFPs motion states and environmental features well. Moreover, not only can better real-time performances and interactions be achieved but also operators vision telepresence be enhanced, therefore this approach may help lay the foundation for the realization of RFPs teleoperation with vision telepresence.     

Inverse Kinematics Analysis of a 7-DOF Space Manipulator for Trajectory Design

To solve the inverse kinematics problem for redundant degrees of freedom (DOFs) manipulators has been and still continues to be quite challenging in the field of robotics. Aiming at trajectory planning for a 7-DOF space manipulator system, joint rotation trajectories are obtained from predetermined motion trajectories and poses of the end effector in Cartesian space based on the proposed generalized inverse kinematics method. A minimum norm method is employed to choose the best trajectory among available trajectories. Numerical simulations with the 7-DOF manipulator show that the proposed method can achieve the planned trajectory and pose under the circumstances of minimum angular velocities. Moreover, trajectory results from the proposed kinematics model and inverse kinematics method has the advantages of simple modelling, low computation cost, easy to solve and plan trajectory conveniently. The smooth and continuous joint rotation functions obtained from the proposed method are suitable for practical engineering applications.     

Cartesian impedance control of dexterous robot hand

Presents a novel compliant motion control for a robot hand using the Cartesian impedance approach based on fingertip force measurements. The fingertip can accurately track desired motion in free space and appear as mechanical impedance in constrained space. In the position based impedance control strategy, any switching mode in contact transition phase is not needed. The impedance parameters can be adjusted in a certain range according to various tasks. In this paper, the analysis of the finger‘s kinematics and dynamics is given. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of this control strategy.     

The design and implementation of virtual hand grasp behavior process in virtual assembly

Virtual hand is an important medium for implementation of human-computer interaction in the process of virtual assembly. And the comparability between the action of virtual hand and real man-hand has always been regarded as one of the important criteria to judge whether the virtual environment has the property of immersion. On the basis of analyzing the relative position,posture,and motion behavior relationship between virtual hand and the object to be operated during virtual assembly,this paper proposed an implementation method of combining grasp index with collision detecting technology for identifying grasp action of virtual hand. The method is to identify grasp/quit using grasp index and to implement joint angle adjustment through simulation cyclic iteration and joint angle interpolation calculation. Although some traditional method identifying the grasp action on the basis of the shape of the object is operated,the simulation result getting from virtual environment created by EON STUDIO shows that it has good features of serviceability and fidelity to realize operation control of virtual hand.     

Design and modeling for a kind of humanoid dexterous hand with elastic palm

With dexterous hands, robots can improve the work scope and work ability significantly. As palms of the existing multi-hand robots are made of steel plates that have small contact area, the robots cannot grab firmly. In this study, a new five-fingered dexterous robot hand is developed. Having flexible palm with 17 degree of freedoms （ DOFs）, the hand can grasp more stably and firm- ly. First, the forward kinematics and inverse kinematics of the fingers and the hand are calculated. Then, the connection between the force exerting on the end effectors and the torque exerting on the joint is set up, laying the foundation for the following control. Finally, through the analysis and sim- ulation of the position, velocity and acceleration, the trajectory planning has a better performance.     

基于数字孪生的飞机总装生产线建模

为了实现飞机制造企业总装生产线车间物理空间与信息空间的实时交互与深度融合,通过分析飞机总装生产线组成单元与生产业务逻辑,提出基于数字孪生的飞机总装生产线车间建模框架. 从“人、机、料、法、环、测”六维视角出发,阐述生产线关键要素建模与实现,并提出飞机总装生产线三维可视化及信息集成平台实现技术流程. 在CATIA中建立车间三维数字模型,基于浏览器和WebGL技术建立虚拟空间,通过采集生产现场过程数据实现物理实体向虚拟空间的实时映射. 以某型飞机总装生产线车间为例,实现总装现场与虚拟可视化的同步映射、WebServices服务、信息查询服务及装配工艺过程查询服务,有效提高作业效率并为工作人员决策提供科学参考.     

非线性子空间中的运动数据编辑和风格生成

提出了基于三维人体运动数据和等距特征映射（ISOMAP）降维机制的子空间人体运动风格生成和编辑的方法.该方法拓展了传统ISOMAP难以处理非训练(out of sample)数据的局限性,在具有非线性内在属性的高维运动数据空间和低维非线性风格化子空间之间建立映射,使之能够直接应用在非训练数据集.对于映射到低维子空间的运动数据利用分解生成模型分离出运动的内容参数和风格参数,通过在子空间中调整这两种参数并逆向映射到原始运动数据空间,实现运动数据的编辑和新风格的生成.实验结果表明,该方法能够在虚拟现实场景中自动生成各种复杂新风格的人体运动,并具有精度高的特点     

A five-fingered underactuated prosthetic hand： hardware and its control scheme

A five-fingered underactuated prosthetic hand controlled by surface EMG (electromyographic) signals is presented in this paper. The prosthetic hand was designed with simplicity, lightweight and dexterity on the requirement of anthropomorphic hands. Underactuated self-adaptive theory was adopted to decrease the number of motors and weight. The control part of the prosthetic hand was based on a surface EMG motion pattern classifier which combines LM-based (Levenberg-Marquardt) neural network with the parametric AR (autoregressive) model. This motion pattern classifier can successfully identify the flexions of the thumb, the index finger and the middle finger by measuring the surface EMG signals through two electrodes mounted on the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus. Furthermore, via continuously controlling a single finger's motion, the five-fingered underactuated prosthetic hand can achieve more prehensile postures such as power grasp, centralized grip, fingertip grasp, cylindrical grasp, etc. The experimental results show that the classifier has a great potential application to the control of bionic man-machine systems because of its fast learning speed, high recognition capability and strong robustness.     

载人潜水器舱室空间舒适性复合评估方法

为改善载人潜水器舱室空间舒适性,针对深海载人潜水器强约束条件下舱室空间舒适性特征,提出基于虚拟仿真技术的舱室可视化空间舒适性多源复合评估方法.该方法以虚拟仿真技术为基础,将载人潜水器舱室空间三维数字化数据与潜航员人体数据相结合,构建数字化虚拟仿真模型;以快速相应与评估为标准,将人体舒适性进行分区,并对载人潜水器空间与功能特征进行系统的分析,依托人体生理学特征获取人体舒适性区域特征及空间约束映射,建立7项评估指标;结合6项人因评估工具构建舒适性多源复合评估模型,采用虚拟仿真技术开发空间舒适性可视化评估系统,并通过某型载人潜水器舱室空间优化设计,对舒适性多源复合评估方法和可视化评估原型系统进行可行性验证.研究表明,不同的任务作业姿态严重影响人体舒适性评估的准确性,狭小的舱室空间及舱内设备的布局进一步增大了作业姿态评估的难度.采用空间舒适性复合评估方法能够准确的描述多种姿态下空间舒适性程度,同时多源和可视化的技术特点在一定程度上提升了空间设计方案评估效率以及评估结果的可读性.