浅谈电力物资采购招标的两种模式

本文作者通过对物资采购招标模式的价值与意义进行了阐述,主要就电力物资采购招标的两种模式做了详细分析,同时就如何完善物资采购招标模式提出了相关的建议。希望为电力物资采购招标管理模式在物资管理工作与招标实践工作中提供一些有价值的信息,以供参考。     

物资招标采购中组合预测的线性规划方法

结合企业在物资招标采购中大批量订货时,对物资采购量的供应商合理分配及采购费用问题,利用灰色预测法、自适应滤波法及线性回归预测法进行组合预测确定物资采购量,运用层次分析法确定供应商相应权重的基础上建立线性规划模型,力图达到采购的合理分配和采购费用最低的目的.因此,对于解决企业大批量物资采购招标中供应商的合理分配及供应量的确定,以达到企业采购成本最小化的问题,提出了一种有效的方法.     

基于SVM算法的电力物资采购价格预测研究

电力工程建设涉及物资种类繁多,物资价格受很多因素的影响,尽管当前许多学者已经提出关于电力物资采购价格的预测方法,但是多数模型局限于单因素考虑,鲜有研究对电力物资采购价格进行多因素综合分析。为更合理地预测当下电力物资价格走势并建立电力价格预测模型,该文首先针对收集的历史采购数据,总结影响电力物资采购价格的核心因素,其次通过支持向量机（SVM）算法对物资价格进行多因素分析预测,并与神经网络算法进行比较,结果表明,采用支持向量机的算法模型的预测结果与实际情况吻合度较好且比神经网络算法误差更小,可为电力公司物资采购提供参考。     

配网重点物资采购抽检方案研究

针对现行配网物资采购抽检制度中存在的不同批量的产品事实上宽严程度不一致的问题,基于常用的MIL-STD-1916抽样标准,提出一种计数调整型的配网重点物资抽检方案。该抽检方案结合电网的抽检实际,在考虑科学性的基础上,兼顾电网抽检相关文件中规定的重点物资抽样检验4个“百分之百”的要求和(n|0)要求,且不加大现有抽检工作量。研究成果可以直接应用于配网物资采购抽检实际工作中。     

电力物资供应快速响应机制建设研究

随着经济、社会的发展,国网“三集五大”体系建设的深入,对电力物资供应的准确性、及时性要求不断提高。基于完善电力物资供应管理体系,通过计划管理精细化,提高计划编制质量和效率,招标采购创新,提高采购和分配效率,供应链全流程管控、全流程监控预警,提高应急反应能力;充分有效利用库存资源,提高应急保障能力,提升物资供应响应能力;通过物资分类管理,实施差异化供应模式,依托调配中心运作,优化应急物资供应,合理运用物资紧急采购模式,规范紧急采购流程等措施,提高物资供应响应速度,研究了构建电力物资快速响应机制,提升物资供应效率与服务水平的方式。     

基于贝叶斯方法的包装企业供应商评价与选择模型

目的建立基于贝叶斯方法的供应商选择模型。方法建立一个供应商选择动态过程,将供应商的历史信息与供应商提供的自身信息联系起来;利用贝叶斯方法对供应商达成采购企业目标的能力进行评判和修订,并进一步评估供应商风险。结果贝叶斯方法为包装企业评价和选择供应商提供了规避风险的有效手段,可以提高包装企业的竞争力。结论基于风险视角下的供应商选择与评价模型,是保证包装企业在控制供应商风险的前提下对供应商进行选择评价的重要工具。     

产业集群下的供应链Credit期权采购及延迟支付策略

针对在产业集群背景下,供应链网络内中小企业采购方式是一种非传统的、随机延迟支付的信任采购模式.在单供应商—单采购商采购模式的基础上,建立了产业集群下多供应商—多采购商分散式供应链采购模型;在模型中通过对生产周期和供应周期的调整,并引入Credit期权,以保证上下游多供应商—多采购商之间的协调,设计出集群供应链多供应商—多采购商Credit期权联合采购模型,以及相应的基于信任延期支付方式,并提出了利润分配协调机制.最后,通过算例分析了集群供应链Credit期权联合采购模型和基于信任延期支付的有效性,特别是根据双方议价能力分配所得利润,能达到Pareto最优,且模型设计不需要采购商提供任何成本信息.     

日本公共工程采购质量管理制度研究

公共工程是日本经济结构的重要组成部分。日本的公共工程采购管理制度建设得最为完备,供应商管理、招标承包体系管理及各参加方组织管理是其核心内容。本文研究了日本公共工程采购供应商的评价标准及技术能力要求、招标承包体系的管理以及工程采购相关参加方职责和义务的界定等内容,期望能为我国工程采购质量管理制度的建设与完善提供参考借鉴,从而更好地应对国际化的机遇与挑战。     

基于柔性契约的军队应急物资供应商选择

目的针对应急物资的供应商选择问题,希望通过与供应商之间签订柔性契约,以确保军队在应对突发灾害时能快速高效并且经济合理地获得救援物资。方法通过建立随机规划模型,可针对不同供应商提供的协议条款选择采购成本最少的供应商。结果运用该模型可分析得出,地处易发生Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ级灾害区域的军队采购部门在选择应急物资供应商时应重点协商的内容。结论军队采购部门与应急物资供应商之间签订柔性契约,能在保证物资供应的前提下尽可能降低总的采购成本,从而实现双方共赢。     

基于作业成本法的医疗物资TCO优化模型

针对传统医疗物资采购主要关注采购价格、忽视医疗物资供应链成本这一问题,提出了一种结合作业成本法(ABC)与总体拥有成本(TCO)理论的医疗物资TCO优化模型。首先,运用ABC详细分析并核算医疗物资供应链成本,如供应商维持成本、质量检验成本、运输成本及手术延期成本等;然后,通过建立医疗物资TCO优化模型优化医疗物资采购策略。最后,通过分析天津市某三级甲等医院医疗物资采购案例,证明本模型可以有效地降低医疗物资采购成本,并为医院成本控制管理提供合理建议。     

A hierarchical model for optimal supplier selection in multiple sourcing contexts

This paper addresses a crucial objective of the strategic purchasing function in supply chains, i.e. optimal supplier selection. We present a hierarchical extension of the data envelopment analysis (DEA), the most widespread method for supplier rating in the literature, for application in a multiple sourcing strategy context. The proposed hierarchical technique is based on three levels. First, a modified DEA approach is used to evaluate the efficiency of each supplier according to some criteria proposed by the buyer. Second, the well known technique for order preference by similarities to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is applied to rank the maximally efficient suppliers given by the previous step. Third and finally, a linear programming problem is stated and solved to find the quantities to order from each maximally efficient supplier in the multiple sourcing context. The presented approach is able to straightforwardly discern between efficient and inefficient partners, avoid the confusion between efficient and effective suppliers and split the supply in a multiple sourcing context. The hierarchical model is applied to the supply of a C class component to show its robustness and effectiveness, while comparing it with the DEA and TOPSIS approaches.     

Using integrated fuzzy DEMATEL and fuzzy C: means algorithm for supplier evaluation and selection

Decision-making techniques are used to help evaluate the current suppliers’ aim at classifying performance of individual suppliers against desired levels of performance, so as to design suitable plans to increase the performance and capabilities of suppliers. In this study, an integrated model is introduced and proposed for increasing the supplier selection and evaluation quality. The methodology is composed of two steps. The first stage is fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method in which the interactions between the evaluation criteria and the criteria weight have been computed. At the second stage, performances of suppliers are assessed using both the criteria weights obtained at the first stage and fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm by classifying the vendors according to their performances. Obtained results show that the proposed model is very well suited as a decision-making tool for supplier selection decisions.     

Distribution-robust single-period inventory control problem with multiple unreliable suppliers

This paper presents a distribution-robust approach to the single-period inventory control problem with multiple unreliable suppliers and stochastic demand. Using the mean and covariance that are assumed to be the only known data, the proposed approach tries to find a solution that performs well independent of the specific distributions. The approach can provide a way to effectively hedge against risks coming not just from uncertainty itself but also from inaccurate estimation. Moreover, the resulting optimization model turns out to be computationally tractable and amenable to mathematical analysis. Using the model, we provide a complete characterization of the optimal sourcing strategies when there are two suppliers: a perfectly reliable supplier and an unreliable supplier. Various interesting issues relevant to sourcing problems, including the value of supplier diversification and yield quality improvement, also are addressed.     

Development and evaluation of the interactive bidding strategies for a demander and its suppliers in supplier selection auction market

Supplier selection strategy is a critical issue in a supply chain management (SCM) system. Selecting the correct suppliers can have a significant impact on the competitiveness of firms. This research is concerned with the development of the interactive bidding strategies for a demander and its multiple suppliers in a supplier selection auction market (SSAM). The objective of this paper is to investigate the negotiation efficiency for the various bidding strategies the demander employed in different order conditions. The negotiation efficiency is assumed as the required negotiation times to achieve an agreement, agreed price and the procurement costs. Further, this paper runs the experiments of SSAM and provides a bidding strategy guideline for a demander to achieve its goals of supplier selection in varying order conditions. To this end, the negotiation efficiency of this proposed bidding strategy model is compared with other research.     

Global supplier selection: a fuzzy-AHP approach

Global supplier selection has a critical effect on the competitiveness of the entire supply chain network. Research results indicate that the supplier selection process appears to be the most significant variable in deciding the success of the supply chain. It helps in achieving high quality products at lower cost with higher customer satisfaction. Apart from the common criteria such as cost and quality, this paper also discusses some of the important decision variables which can play a critical role in case of the international sourcing. The importance of the political-economic situation, geographical location, infrastructure, financial background, performance history, risk factors, etc., have also been pointed out in particularly in the case of global supplier selection. Supplier selection problem related to the global sourcing is more complex than the general domestic sourcing and as a result it needs more critical analysis, which could not be found properly in past available literatures. This paper discusses the fuzzy based Analytic Hierarchy Process (fuzzy-AHP) to efficiently tackle both quantitative and qualitative decision factors involved in selection of global supplier in current business scenario. The fuzzy-AHP is an efficient tool to tackle the fuzziness of the data involved in deciding the preferences of the different decision variables involved in the process of global supplier selection. The triangular fuzzy numbers are used to transform the linguistic comparison of the different decision criteria, sub-criteria and performance of the alternative suppliers. The pairwise comparison matrices help in deciding the synthetic extent value of each comparison and finally, the priority weights of one alternative over another are decided in this paper. An example from a manufacturing industry searching for the global supplier for a critical component is used to demonstrate the effective implementation procedure of proposed fuzzy-AHP technique. The proposed model can provide the guidelines and directions for the decision makers to effectively select their global suppliers in the current competitive business scenario.     

中国造船工业供应商评价指标体系与管理体制构建

对于中国造船企业，构建完整的供应商管理体系是其从分散型采购体系向一体化采购体系整合的关键步骤之一。本文主要针对中国造船工业供应商管理的特点以及所存在的不足，将质量、交付能力、价格、服务能力和持续改进这5个定量评价指标与供货商关系指标和供货商管理能力指标这2个定性评价指标相结合，运用AHP法，构建了造船行业的供应商评价指标体系，并依据这一指标体系，构建了与造船行业集中化采购体系相适应的供应商管理体制。     

Impact of risk aversion and backup supplier on sourcing decisions of a firm

This study focuses on a newsvendor problem with multiple suppliers, considering the risk-neutral and risk-averse objectives in a mean-risk optimisation model. The firm first decides order quantities from the primary (unreliable) suppliers and reserve capacity from the secondary (reliable) backup supplier. After the state of its primary suppliers and customer demand is revealed, the firm purchases from the available suppliers and uses the backup supplier subject to the reserved capacity. For the special case of normal distribution and risk-neutral objective, optimality properties were developed. A comprehensive numerical study examines the sensitivity of the sourcing strategies of firms to risk, shortage cost, demand uncertainty, salvage value, and capacity reserve options; various managerial insights are offered based on this.     

军品包装供应商评价指标体系和方法研究

目的 为了实现快速响应、可靠高效的装备（器材）和物资保障,提高军事物流整体质量,对军品包装供应商进行科学管理。方法 构建军品包装供应商的筛选模型,确立评价指标体系,提出一种集历史、现状和未来为一体的新的综合评价方法,并进行算例验证。结果 通过采用科学的评价方法,对军品包装供应商进行综合评价和遴选,解决了军品包装产品筹措和采购环节由于供应商引起的不确定性问题,使军品包装产品质量得到了有效保证。结论 建立军品包装供应商选择和评价体系,是加强供应商管理的重要基础,也是现代军事物流的重要内容,对推动军品包装发展有重要意义。     

Multiple comparisons with the best for supplier selection with linear profiles

In some manufacturing processes, the quality of a process or product is characterised by a linear profile. Comparing the process yield of multiple suppliers with linear profiles is an important task in supplier evaluation. In this study, we consider linear profiles with two-sided specifications and present the multiple comparisons with the best method based on the process yield index to select the best supplier. A subset contains the best supplier determined from the confidence interval of the difference between the process yield indices of the unknown best supplier and all of the suppliers. A simulation study is used to conduct the statistical power analysis. The results confirm that the larger the number of levels or the number of profiles, the larger the power of test. The simulation results indicate that our proposed method can effectively identify the best supplier. Two real examples are used to illustrate the applications of our proposed method.     

A model for performance monitoring of suppliers

The purchasing function is central to the strategic operations of effective supply chain management. This centrality is mainly due to the significant impact of material costs on profits, increased investments in inter-organizational advanced manufacturing and information technologies, and a growing emphasis on the just-in-time operations philosophy. The critical business processes of the purchasing function include supplier selection, negotiation of supply contracts, monitoring supplier performance, and acting as an interface between an organization and its suppliers. Within these core processes of purchasing, this paper narrows its scope to focus upon the supplier performance evaluation and monitoring process, which assists in maintaining effective customer-supplier linkages. While price has been traditionally considered as the single most important factor in evaluating suppliers, it has been agreed upon that value performance emphasis needs to include other important factors such as quality, delivery and flexibility. Given this evolving business competitiveness environment, the contribution of this research is threefold. First, it applies a new multi-criteria evaluation model for supplier performance evaluation by considering various performance criteria. Second, a proposed application extension of this model serves as a monitoring and control mechanism for the performance of suppliers, thus supporting continuous process improvement to achieve efficient customer-supplier relationships. Third, the paper presents this technique as a new methodological extension to data envelopment analysis research by improving the discriminatory power of an existing variable returns to scale model. The model and its application are demonstrated through a previously published illustrative case example.