机载天线辐射方向图的MM—UTD混合法分析

采用矩量法（MM）结合二致性几何绕射理论（UTD）的混合方法计算了机载单极天线的辐射方向图。该混合方法建立的机载天线辐射模型更符合实际，并且它同时具有MM的精确性和UTD的高效率，克服了单一方法的不足。计算结果对于预测天线间的电磁兼容性和优化天线布局具有一定的指导意义。     

用MoM-UTD混合方法分析机载平台天线间的隔离度

天线间的隔离度是机载平台电磁兼容(EMC)的重要指标之一。由于机载平台的电尺寸很大,因此单纯矩量法(MoM)很难解决。一致性几何绕射理论(UTD)虽是高频方法,适合解决电大问题,但其精度较低。该文采用MoM-UTD混合方法分析机载平台天线间的隔离度,兼顾了计算精度和速度,得到的计算结果和测量值吻合良好。     

并行FDTD-UTD方法分析机载相控阵天线

利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)-UTD(一致性几何绕射理论)混和算法分析机载相控阵天线的辐射方向图.将复矢量场作为FDTD方法和UTD方法的接口,提出FDTD-UTD混和算法解决机载相控阵天线辐射问题.首先利用并行FDTD方法通过全波分析得到精确的相控阵的辐射复矢量场,然后将此结果作为源代入UTD算法来预测相控阵受机体的影响.结果表明该方法可以有效地解决机裁相控阵辐射分析问题.     

有限元法与UTD结合计算机载天线方向图

为了计算机载天线的方向图,近区矢量场可以作为有限元法(FEM)与UTD(一致性几何绕射理论)的结合点,将二者结合以解决类似的工程问题.首先利用基于有限元法的软件HFSS计算相控阵天线的近区矢量场,然后将此结果作为UTD方法的源进一步计算以预测该相控阵天线的受扰特性.结果表明这种方法可有效用于分析机载相控阵天线的辐射特性.     

复杂散射环境中MoM与UTD混合方法的PO扩展

本文提出利用物理光学PO可扩展MoM UTD的应用范围 .理论和数值结果表明 ,PO电流的引入抛开了MoM UTD混合中的镜像原则 ,使散射体扩展到任意复杂面 ,以及很好地解决了线天线距离弯曲曲面较近的情况下UTD技术的缺陷 .另外 ,本文指出适当比例的PO区域仍可以较准确地求解MoM区域的电流和阻抗特性 ,使得本文方法变得简单有效 ;这为快速有效地分析复杂电大目标的电磁兼容问题提出了一条新的切实可行的途径     

利用PO修正MM-UTD计算机载波导缝隙天线阵的方向图

针对物理光学方法(PO)中Ludwig算法数值发散的问题,提出了解决方案。以复矢量场为接口,利用PO修正了MOM-UTD算法,并应用于机载波导缝隙天线阵方向图的计算。采用MOM分析天线自身的特性,UTD分析飞机形状简单的大型部件对天线方向图畸变的影响,PO分析机头等形状复杂的部件的影响。计算结果表明,此3种方法的结合算法适用于计算靠近机头的机载天线的方向图。     

基于高低频混合方法的梅利逼近扫频技术

将矩量法(MoM)和物理光学(PO)混合方法与梅利逼近结合分析了电大载体平台上天线的宽带辐射特性.在切比雪夫逼近的基础上,通过梅利展开技术实现快速扫频,并利用MoM-PO方法减少矩阵方程中未知量个数,从而大大降低了内存需求和计算时间.相比于切比雪夫逼近,由于梅利展开式为有理函数,提高了计算精度.数值结果表明:该方法可以快速有效地分析大型载体平台上天线的宽带特性.     

用UTD-MOM混合法有效分析大型平面阵列天线的辐射特性

采用矩量法(MOM)结合一致性几何绕射理论(UTD)来分析和计算大型平面阵列天线的辐射特性。大型天线阵列含有很多的辐射单元,单独应用矩量法求解时,未知数太多,计算速度慢。而应用MOM-UTD混合方法,未知数的数量大大少于单独用矩量法时的未知数的数量。本文以振子组成的平面阵列为例,说明该方法如何应用。最后给出了数值解的结果,并与单独用矩量法得到的结果进行了比较。比较表明,该方法是有效的、准确的。     

利用UTD修正的MoM-PO混合算法研究

介绍了利用矩量法(MoM)和物理光学(PO)混合方法处理复杂线体结构的电磁散射问题，提出利用pulse基函数对线电流进行展开，使得处理复杂线体结构问题变得简化，并推导出一般的矩阵方程。然后针对PO在阴影区域失效等问题，利用UTD(一致性几何绕射)对该简化模型结构下的PO区域电流进行了修正，使得其应用范围得到扩展、计算精度得到提高。文中的实例结果与传统的MoM很好的一致，从而说明了该方法的有效性和精确性。     

并行UTD算法及在机载天线分析中的应用

要实现对复杂环境的EMC分析,最大的障碍是计算量过大,耗时太长.本文提出MPI结合UTD的并行算法,实现了大型复杂飞行器机载天线的方向图特性分析.数值结果表明,并行UTD算法可以大大节省计算时间.这一方法为在小型机系统下实现大型EMC分析软件提供了坚实的基础.     

High frequency techniques for antenna analysis

A summary of various high-frequency techniques is presented for analyzing the electromagnetic radiation from antennas in the presence of their host environment. These techniques provide physical insight into antenna radiation mechanisms and are found to be highly efficient and accurate for treating a variety of practical antenna configurations. Examples to which these techniques have been applied include open-ended waveguide antennas, horn and reflector antennas, and antennas on aircraft and spacecraft. The accuracy of these techniques is established via numerical results which are compared with those based on other independent methods or with measurements. These high frequency methods can be combined with other techniques, through a hybrid scheme, to solve an even greater class of problems than those which can be solved in an efficient and tractable manner by any one technique alone     

Enhancing antenna performance and SAR reduction by a conductive composite loaded with carbon-silica hybrid filler

In this paper, we describe a technique for reducing the specific absorption rate (SAR) and human effects on antenna performance, based on combined use of rubber conductive composite loaded with carbon-silica hybrid filler used like a single director and a resonant half wave dipole. The finite-difference time-domain method was used to evaluate SAR and antenna performance for different antenna-composite configurations and distances. Bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency for different antenna-composite configurations were compared. It was found that the presence of a conductive composite loaded with carbon-silica hybrid filler can effectively reduce maximum SAR value (up to 70%) in a human head model, increasing the radiation efficiency (up to 67%) and the bandwidth (up to 110%) of the antenna.     

腰形通信天线的辐射特性研究

介绍了一种特殊形状的飞行器通信天线——腰形天线。用曲线坐标系时域有限差分法(NFDTD)对该天线进行了分析，并给出了一种新诠释，所计算出的辐射特性与实测结果吻合较好。结果表明：该天线能保证飞行器在复杂机动飞行条件下通信联络的畅通，且较好地解决了喷口火焰对天线辐射特性影响的难题。     

An FDTD/MoM hybrid technique for modeling complex antennas in thepresence of heterogeneous grounds

Calculating the current distribution and radiation patterns for ground-penetrating radar antennas is a challenging problem because of the complex interaction between the antenna, the ground, and any buried scatterer. Typically, numerical techniques that are well suited for modeling the antennas themselves are not well suited for modeling the heterogeneous grounds, and visa versa. For example the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is well suited for modeling fields in heterogeneous media, whereas the method of moments (MoM) is well suited for modeling complex antennas in free space. This paper describes a hybrid technique, based upon the equivalence principle, for calculating an antenna's current distribution radiation pattern when the antenna is located near an air-ground interface. The original problem is decomposed into two coupled equivalent problems: one for the antenna geometry and the other for the ground geometry, with field information passing between them via a rapidly converging iterative procedure. The fields in each region may be modeled using numerical techniques best suited to them. Results for several test cases are presented, using FDTD to model the ground problem and MoM for the antenna problem, that demonstrate the accuracy of this hybrid technique     

Simulation and analysis of antennas radiating in a complex environment

An accurate and efficient numerical solution is developed for predicting high-frequency radiation patterns of antennas mounted on curved surfaces. This solution employs the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) and has mainly been used to analyze airborne antenna patterns. In this case the aircraft is modeled in its most basic form so that the solution is applicable to general-type aircraft. The fuselage is modeled as a perfectly conducting composite ellipsoid, whereas, the wings, stabilizers, nose, fuel tanks, and engines, etc. are simulated by perfectly conducting fiat plates. The composite-ellipsoid fuselage model is necessary to simulate successfully the wide variety of real world fuselage shapes. Since the antenna is mounted on the fuselage, it has a dominant effect on the resulting radiation pattern, so it must be simulated accurately, especially near the antenna. Various radiation patterns are calculated for military aircraft, private aircraft, and the space shuttle orbiter. The application of this solution to practical airborne antenna problems illustrates its versatility and design capability. The solution accuracy is verified by the comparisons between calculated and measured data.     

Ray analysis of a class of hybrid cylindrical aircraft wings

A new approach to the modelling of aircraft wings, based on the combination of hybrid quadric (parabolic and circular) cylinders, has been presented for electromagnetic applications. Closed-form expressions have been obtained for ray parameters required in the high-frequency mutual coupling computation of antenna pairs located arbitrarily on an aircraft wing     

机载隐蔽式短波天线设计

机载天线是飞机导航、通信等系统的重要组件;实现远距离通信主要依靠机载短波天线。新型复合材料的使用以及飞机尺寸的增大,是国际飞机发展的潮流。针对这一问题,该文利用电小天线及传输线相关理论设计一种新型大型飞机机载隐蔽式短波天线,设计过程中使用电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS建模计算天线输入阻抗及方向图并优化天线尺寸;在此基础上,制作缩比模型并在微波暗室中对其进行实测,所得数据与仿真结果相符。除此之外,对天线的阻抗匹配及效率进行分析并给出计算结果。计算及测试结果表明,此天线可与天线调谐系统(例如KHF950)良好调谐,方向图为水平全向,符合应用要求,可用于整个机身或仅垂尾为复合材料的大型飞机。     

一种04 m机载平板动中通天线的设计

传统抛物面天线剖面高,而高速运动中的飞机需要具有低剖面特性的天线以减小其风阻。文中设计了一种Ku频段平板动中通天线,具有装机高度低、风阻小、性能优的特点。该天线阵列设计为35:1的长方形结构,大幅降低了高度。天线阵列采用高效率辐射单元,天线单元通过低损耗的带状线与波导结合形式馈电进行组阵。方位跟踪采用相控电子波束扫描技术,俯仰采用程序引导跟踪技术。测试结果表明,天线高度不超过280 mm,天线增益优于33 dB,跟踪精度误差控制在05 dB以内。     

Experimental study of wideband hybrid dielectric resonator antenna on small ground plane

A wideband hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is investigated experimentally. The proposed hybrid DRA comprises a rectangular dielectric resonator and a conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CB-CPW) slot etched on a small ground plane. Dual resonances of the two radiators are merged to expand the antenna bandwidth. By utilising the CB-CPW structure, a back-cavity is formed underneath the slot to suppress the backward radiation. Hence consistent unidirectional radiation pattern is achieved across the matching band.