超声波技术在矿物浮选中的研究、应用现状及发展趋势

超声波技术的广泛应用基于超声波所具有的两种特性,一是超声波作为一种信息载体,二是超声波作为一种能量形式.本文所总结的超声波在矿物浮选方面的应用,正是基于超声波作为一种能量形式,通过它(或者由它所产生的超声空化)与传声介质相互作用所产生的效应,从而对矿物浮选产生影响.本文从超声波应用于矿物浮选的原理出发,综述超声波对矿物...     

黄铁矿、白铁矿和磁黄铁矿的电子结构及可浮性

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算黄铁矿、白铁矿和磁黄铁矿的电子结构,讨论这3种硫铁矿的电子结构与其可浮性之间的关系.计算结果表明:黄铁矿为直接带隙半导体,白铁矿为间接带隙半导体,而磁黄铁矿为导体.态密度分析结果表明,黄铁矿和白铁矿为低自旋态,而磁黄铁矿则为自旋-极化态.前线轨道计算表明:这3种硫铁矿被氧化由易到难的顺序为磁黄铁矿,白铁矿,黄铁矿;用黄药捕收的可浮性由强到弱的顺序为白铁矿,黄铁矿,磁黄铁矿.计算结果能够很好地解释这3种硫铁矿与氧气作用的难易程度以及用黄药捕收的可浮性顺序.     

两种层状镁硅酸盐矿物的晶体结构与可浮性研究

通过对两种层状镁硅酸盐矿物—蛇纹石和滑石的浮选实验及润湿接触角的测定,研究了蛇纹石与滑石的晶体结构与表面润湿性、可浮性的关系,结果表明:蛇纹石的润湿性较好,可浮性差;滑石的润湿性较差,可浮性好。     

高镍奥氏体铸铁耐磨镶圈的可切削性分析

介绍耐磨镶圈用高镍奥氏体铸铁制造技术难点,分析了高镍奥氏体铸铁的组织与可切削性的关系,并进一步分析了高镍奥氏体铸铁组织的影响因素.通过优化化学成分和主要工艺参数,获得比较理想的金相组织,从而改进高镍奥氏体铸铁的可切削性.     

微细粒蛇纹石的可浮性及其机理

通过浮选实验、润湿接触角测定、Zeta电位测试和泡沫水回收率测定,考察pH值、样品粒度、矿浆浓度和起泡剂种类与用量等因素对金川硫化铜镍矿中的主要脉石矿如微细粒蛇纹石可浮性的影响,并对其机理进行分析.结果表明:蛇纹石的润湿接触角为37.6-,属于亲水性矿物,天然可浮性差;随着蛇纹颗粒粒度的减小以及矿浆浓度的增大,其浮选回收率升高;起泡剂对蛇纹石的表面电性和润湿性影响不大,而在微细粒蛇纹石的浮选中,不同起泡剂种类和用量下的泡沫水回收率与矿物浮选回收率具有良好的对应关系,可以推测泡沫夹带是蛇纹石浮选进入精矿的重要原因.     

改性调整剂在高硅铝土矿反浮选中的应用

对组成高硅铝土矿的纯矿物进行了浮选试验研究,讨论了改性调整剂TZ-1对几种纯矿物上浮率的影响.试验证明,在弱酸性环境中,配合使用改性调整剂TZ-1,纯矿物的上浮率较高,而在强酸性和碱性介质中上浮率较低,为铝土矿的反浮选脱硅奠定了基础.实际矿石试验表明,在“四次粗选、一次扫选”的反浮选工艺流程和新型改性调整剂TZ-1的联合作用下,铝土矿精矿的铝硅比为10.79,Al2O3的回收率为83.13％.实现了铝土矿的高效脱硅.     

硫化矿物表面天然疏水性的密度泛函理论研究(英文)

采用密度泛函理论研究了水在硫化矿物表面的吸附以及硫化矿物的天然可浮性。为了排除氧气和其他因素的影响,所有的计算模型都是在真空环境下建立的。水分子是在黄铁矿与闪锌矿的表面,而不是在水里。对于方铅矿、辉铜矿、辉锑矿和辉钼矿,水分子是在水里,而不是在这些矿的表面。另一方面,黄铁矿表面亲氮气而不亲水,而闪锌矿表面不能吸附水。结果表明,方铅矿、辉锑矿、辉铜矿及辉钼矿是疏水的,而闪锌矿是亲水的。黄铁矿具有一定的亲水性,但是它更倾向于亲气,这是因为黄铁矿与水的作用要比与氮气的作用弱。因此,黄铁矿、方铅矿、辉铜矿、辉锑矿及辉钼矿都具有天然可浮性。     

高浓度锌离子对酸性体系中闪锌矿可浮性的影响

通过浮选实验、zeta电位测试、接触角测量和X射线光电子能谱研究高浓度Zn2+对闪锌矿在酸性体系中可浮性的影响.结果表明,Zn2+吸附于闪锌矿表面,且当pH=4和Zn2+浓度为4×10-2 mol/L时,在闪锌矿表面形成Zn-羟基络合物.zeta电位增加且接触角从84.80°减小到36.48°,从而极大地抑制闪锌矿的可...     

十二烷基胍对铝硅矿物的浮选分离

采用含有胍基的长碳链季铵盐作捕收剂,研究-水硬铝石、高岭石、叶腊石和伊利石单矿物的浮选行为、铝硅人工混合矿样的浮选分离以及河南铝土矿的精选.结果表明:在捕收剂用量为2×10-4mol/L条件下,在广泛的pH范围内,十二烷基胍对硅酸盐矿物具有较好的捕收能力,平均浮选回收率可达80%;强碱性条件下,一水硬铝石的浮选回收率从80%急剧下降至20%,与高岭石、叶腊石和伊利石之间形成较大差异:以十二烷基胍为捕收剂可望实现铝硅矿物反浮选分离:实际铝土矿(原矿铝硅比为5.70)经过反浮选脱硅,精矿铝硅比达11.08,铝浮选回收率为75%;与传统的阳离子捕收剂十二胺相比,胍类阳离子捕收剂对硅酸盐矿物浮选能力强、受pH的影响小,是一种新型高效的铝硅矿物浮选分离捕收剂.     

废弃锂离子电池富钴破碎产物的可浮性

对比研究废弃锂离子电池富钴破碎产物与商品化电极材料的浮选行为,并分析不同浮选行为的机理。结果表明:商品化钴酸锂和石墨的天然可浮性差异较大,将以质量比1:1混合后的模拟物料进行浮选,钴品位由15.66%富集到50.71%;手工拆解废弃锂离子电池得到的钴酸锂颗粒和石墨颗粒表面粗糙,有杂质附着,使得电极材料表面相关元素的含量降低,该杂质为以C、F、P和O元素为主的有机物,使回收的钴酸锂和石墨颗粒表面化学组成相近,造成材料表面润湿性发生改变;富钴破碎产物经浮选后,钴品位由24.21%仅提高到28.08%。因此,浮选前必须对回收的富钴破碎产物进行表面改性,以增大钴酸锂和石墨表面润湿性差异,从而使浮选获得有效的分离。     

Electrochemical mechanism of thioglycolic acid depressing sulphide minerals

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｒｅｐｏｒｔｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓｉｎｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎ ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｉｏ ｇｌｙｃｏｌｉｃａｃｉｄ[1,2 ] ,ｄｅｘｔｒｉｎ[3 ,4 ] ,ＣＴＰ[5～ 9] ａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｏｒｇａｎｉｃｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓ[10 ] .Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｙａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｏｆｕｓｉｎｇｏｒｇａｎｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓａｓｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓｏｆｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓｉｎｓｅｐａｒａｔｉ…     

Calculation of topological connectivity index for minerals

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｉｎｇｏａｌｓｔｈａｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｅ ｖｏｔｉｎｇｔｏｉｎｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｓｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｄｅｓｉｇｎｏｆｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｒｅａｇｅｎｔｓｏｆｈｉｇｈｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｆｏｒａｋｎｏｗｎｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ .Ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｂｅ ｔｗｅｅｎｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｒｅａｇｅｎｔａｎｄｍｉｎｅｒａｌｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｌｙｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌ…     

Flotation of aluminosilicate minerals using alkylguanidine collectors

The flotation mechanism of aluminosilicate minerals using alkylguanidine collectors was studied through flotation experiments, Zeta potential measurements and FT-IR spectrum analysis. It is shown that kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite all exhibit good floatability with alkylguanidines as collectors at pH 4-12. The flotation recoveries rise with the increase of the carbon chain length. Isoelectric point(IEP) is determined to be 3.5, 3.0 and 2.3 for kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite, respectively. However, it is anomalous that the presence of cationic collectors has less influence on the negatively charged mineral surfaces. It is explained by the special structure of guanidine which is one of the strongest bases, having two -NH2 groups. One of them maybe interacts with minerals by electrostatic forces, and the other maybe forms hydrogen bonding with OH- ions on the aluminosilicate surfaces or in the aqueous solution, increasing the density of negative charge on the aluminosilicate surface and leading unpronounced positive charge to increase on the aluminosilicate. By combining the flotation tests, Zeta potential and FTIR measurements above, the interaction mechanism can be concluded. The simultaneous presence of cationic and neutral amine groups makes it possible for SAG cation to bind on three aluminosilicate minerals by both electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding. While in acidic medium, the interaction of the alkylguanidines on the aluminosilicate surfaces is mainly by means of electrostatic force and hydrogen bond; in the alkaline medium, it is by the way of electrostatic effect and hydrogen bond.     

直链烷基胺浮选铝硅矿物机理

研究了一水硬铝石和高岭石、叶蜡石及伊利石等几种含铝硅酸盐矿物在不同pH条件下的动电行为与浮选行为。一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石及伊利石的等电点（IEP）分别为pH6．2,4．3,2．0,3．4。在pH＞IEP时,烷基胺类阳离子捕收剂主要以静电作用吸附在一水硬铝石矿物表面,其浮选高岭石等3种铝硅酸盐矿物的可浮性大小顺序是叶蜡石＞高岭石＞伊利石。高岭石、叶蜡石和伊利石均是层状硅酸盐矿物,其破碎磨细时,将沿层间断裂,由于晶体结构的原因其层面荷负电荷。烷基胺类阳离子捕收剂以静电作用力吸附于铝硅酸盐矿物表面的层面使矿物疏水上浮。     

Selective adsorption of bacteria on sulfide minerals surface

The adsorption of bacteria on sulfide minerals surface was studied, and the selective adsorption mechanism of cells on the sulfide minerals was investigated by means of FTIR, UVS and XPS. The results show that the three strains of bacteria adsorbed more preferentially on pyrite than on other two sulfide minerals surface at neutral and alkaline pH conditions. FTIR and UVS of three strains of bacteria indicate that there are more functional groups on their surface, such as O---H, C=O, N--H, C--43, and the content of saccharide is more than that of protein. The state of every element on sulfide minerals surface was analyzed by XPS. The empty orbital number of electronic shell of metal ions on minerals surface is important in selective adsorption process, and some stable constants of metal coordinates can be used to explain the contribution of some groups in saccharide of cell wall to the selective adsorption.     

Electrochemical mechanism of p-amino phenol depressing sulfide minerals

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｒｇａｎｉｃｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓａｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｏｎｍｅｔａｌｏｒｅｓ ,ｂｕｔｒｅｐｏｒｔｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓｉｎｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎａｒｅｌｅｓｓ .Ｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔａｋｅｎｍｏｒｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏ…     

Reaction behavior of associated rare earth minerals during coal-based reduction

In order to ascertain the reaction behavior of rare earth minerals in coal-based reduction, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） analyses were applied to investigate the rare earth minerals in Bayan Obo.The occurrence state and regularity of rare earth elements were analyzed under different reduction time. The results reveal that rare earth elements in rare earth minerals exist in RE（CO3）F（bastnaesite） and REPO4（monazite）. In this research, at 1,498 K with a C/O molar ratio（i.e., molar ratio of fixed carbon in the coal to reducible oxygen in the ore） of2.5, rare earth minerals primarily decompose into RE2O3at5 min. When the time is extended to 10 min, solid-phase reactions occur among RE2O3, CaO, and SiO2, and the resultant is cerium wollastonite（CaO·2RE2O3·3SiO2）. At reaction time 〉20 min, rare earth elements mainly exist in cerium wollastonite（CaO·2RE2O3·3SiO2）, and the grain size varies in the range of 10–30 μm. The results show that coal-based reduction is efficient to recover rare earth minerals in reduced materials.     

Swelling of clay minerals in ammonium leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores

The effect of hydrated radius, cation valence, pH and solution concentration on the zeta potential of clay minerals was investigated, and the relation between zeta potential of clay minerals and swelling was discussed in different leaching agents as well. The results show that the zeta potential of clay minerals decreases with the hydrated ionic radius increasing. It could be seen that the zeta potential of the clay minerals in AICl_3 solution is positive,whereas that in NH_4C1, KCl and MgCl_2 solution is negative. And the zeta potential of clay minerals increases with the cation valence increasing. Moreover, the zeta potential of clay minerals decreases with the solution pH increasing,whereas that increases with the solution concentration increasing in different ammonium solutions. In addition,the swelling of clay minerals decreases while the zeta potential of clay minerals increasing in different ammonium solutions. The ability of compound ammonium to inhibit the swelling of clay minerals is lower than that of single ammonium solution.