Integrated supply chain design using multi-criteria optimization

Supply chain management (SCM) presents significant opportunities for improving profit margins and reducing cost. It encompasses functional and geographical integration as well as integration of tactical and operational decisions. The functional integration aspects involve purchasing, manufacturing, and logistics within the company and across the supply chain. A supply chain design framework has been developed including linear/mixed integer multi-criteria optimization models for determining the identified supply chain design parameters. The selection of suppliers, determination of production quantities, inventory locations and sizes, selection of transportation method and transported quantities in a multi-stage, multi-level supply chain are investigated. Additional criteria including first-time quality (FTQ) and suppliers on-time delivery risk with and without allowing splitting of customer demand between suppliers are considered. An example of typical automotive power train supply chain design and decision issues is used to illustrate the effect of various factors.     

A supply chain distribution network design model: An interactive fuzzy goal programming-based solution approach

A supply chain (SC) distribution network design model is developed in this paper. The goal of the model is to select the optimum numbers, locations and capacity levels of plants and warehouses to deliver products to retailers at the least cost while satisfying desired service level to retailers. A maximal covering approach is used in statement of the service level. The model distinguishes itself from other models in this field in the modeling approach used. Because of somewhat imprecise nature of retailers’ demands and decision makers’ (DM) aspiration levels for the goals, a fuzzy modeling approach is used. Additionally, a novel and generic interactive fuzzy goal programming (IFGP)-based solution approach is proposed to determine the preferred compromise solution. To explore the viability of the proposed model and the solution approach, computational experiments are performed on realistic scale case problems.     

Hybrid approach to distribution planning reflecting a stochastic supply chain

Today’s business environment is experiencing as a period of expansion and the globalization. Therefore, a distribution plan with low cost and high customer satisfaction in supply chain management (SCM) has been widely investigated. The purpose of this study is to establish optimal distribution planning in the supply chain. In this paper, a hybrid approach involving a genetic algorithm (GA) and simulation is presented to solve this problem. The GA is employed in order to quickly generate feasible distribution sequences. Considering uncertain factors such as queuing, breakdowns and repairing time in the supply chain, the simulation is used to minimize completion time for the distribution plan. The computational results for an example of a simple supply chain are given and discussed to validate the proposed approach. We obtained a more realistic distribution plan with optimal completion time by performing the iterative hybrid GA simulation procedure which reflects the stochastic nature of supply chains.     

An expert system for fixturing design for face milling using modular fixture

The research objective of this paper is to develop an expert system for a modular fixture. We provide a complete fixturing procedure analysis for workpieces with different shapes such as L, I, T, and U types. In this system AutoCAD is used to draw the workpiece; then the data for points, lines, and faces are dealt with. Using the knowledge presentation method, the clamping position of the modular fixtures, the kinematics constraint balance and the fixture and cutting forces are determined. Integer programming is used to arrive at an optimal arrangement. In addition, the system provides a learning concept incorporating knowledge from experience and heuristic rules to enable repeated self-learning to compensate for the lack of knowledge. Finally, some examples are demonstrated.     

基于核心功能结构的敏捷供需链管理与优化

为提高企业对市场需求的快速响应,提出基于核心功能结构(Critical Function Structure,CFS)的敏捷供需链系统模型.针对市场需求的不确定性,重点研究敏捷供需链的管理及其优化方法,在此基础上提出基于网络的敏捷供需链管理与优化体系结构,进一步增强整个供需链的敏捷性和管理优化决策的准确性和预见性,提高整个供需链的效率和竞争力.     

基于清洁生产的供应链管理探讨

清洁生产已经成为企业发展的必然趋势,而作为近年来出现的一种新的企业管理模式--供应链管理与清洁生产有着密切关系.在对清洁生产与供应链管理特征分析的基础上,提出了基于清洁生产的供应链管理的基本原则,讨论了其基本内容以及相关的几个问题.     

面向供应链管理的产品设计方法研究

为了提高产品对应的供应链的性能,在设计过程中需要针对供应链进行优化。介绍了面向供应链管理的产品设计的4个主要策略,提出了企业在整个产品开发过程中实施面向供应链管理的设计的基本流程,并建立出了一个实现框架。     

Optimal production policy for a manufacturing system with volume flexibility in a supply chain under lumpy demand

A batch production system with volume flexibility in a supply chain where a manufacturer procures raw materials and/or component parts from multiple suppliers in a lot and processes them into a single product, is considered in this research. First of all, a decision-making model is developed for an optimal production rate selection in the volume-flexibility production system, where a single type of finished products is delivered periodically in fixed quantities within a fixed interval of time. In this model, the production rate is perceived as a decision variable and unit production cost becomes a function of production rate. This model takes into account not only inventory costs of raw materials and finished goods, but production costs as well. Then, a pragmatic computation approach is presented to solve the proposed model for special unit-production-cost functions. It is used to determine an optimal production rate, and thus to decide an optimal ordering policy for procurement of raw materials from suppliers and an optimal manufacturing batch size. Some observations are made for optimal production rate analysis. Finally, a numerical study is conducted to illustrate the solution and a set of data with ten problems is tested and compared.     

基于Multi-Agent的供应链质量监理机制模型

从质量保证角度分析供应链中各企业间矛盾,提出以供应链联盟质量协调与监督为核心的机制--质量监理机制,并基于Multi-Agent技术对质量监理系统进行建模.     

供应链例外事件管理系统

对供应链系统的管理,关键在于对例外事件的及时处理,以确保系统的正常运作。为迅速发现供应链系统中的例外事件并协同处理,达到快速响应、提高竞争力的目的,提出了供应链例外管理系统。该系统将供应链管理的焦点集中到对一组流程关键节点的例外控制上,以量化的性能指标为基础来构建一套信息、过程与人的集成框架和一套可配置、可扩展的软件架构,并通过一个例外管理的流程实例展示了系统在实际中的应用。     

An integrated decision support system for FMS production planning and scheduling problems

This paper discusses planning and scheduling problems for efficient use of an FMS and presents an integrated decision support system for dealing with these problems.The decision support system, FMSDS (Flexible Manufacturing Systems Decision Support System), includes several modules: data handling module, part selection module, loading module, load adjusting module, scheduling module and simulation module.This paper suggests the solution methodology of each subproblem. Also, an integrated interface scheme between the subproblems is presented. The interface scheme considers the relationships between the subproblems and generates solutions using hierarchical and looping approaches.FMSDS is made up of six alternative models considering three loading objectives and two production order processing strategies. Performance comparison among the six alternatives is shown using the non-terminating simulation techniques.     

物流管理与供应链管理的比较

为了澄清物流管理和供应链管理在概念上的混淆,比较了物流与物流管理、供应链与供应链管理的异同,讨论了物流链和供应链物流的概念,阐述了物流管理与供应链管理之间的区别与联系。并由此得出物流管理与供应链管理在存在基础、管理模式、导向目标以及管理层次和手段等方面的差异,而从范畴与内容上讲物流管理是供应链管理的核心,也是其最重要的子集。     

Simulation study using system dynamics for a CONWIP-controlled lamp supply chain

Production inventory control is one of the most important elements of manufacturing logistics. CONstant Work In Process (CONWIP), which is a hybrid of push and pull type systems, offers an effective approach to supply chain (SC) management. The study of CONWIP is very often conducted with detailed modeling and mathematical analysis, and is not appropriate for supporting decisions from a managerial or macro perspective. In this paper, the authors present an alternative analysis of CONWIP at an aggregate level, which is appropriate to the decision-making about the SC. The model is simulated using system dynamics (SD). The implementation of this model is described using an example from the lamp manufacturing industry in mainland China. The method and its results are illustrated with a lamp manufacturing SC, which indicates that SD can be used to analyze and understand the CONWIP approach to achieve higher productivity and better performance. Moreover, SD is more suitable for simulation analyses of the SC system.     

An integrated fuzzy approach for the selection of manufacturing technologies

In this paper, an integrated decision support system is developed, which employs fuzzy techniques to assist decision-makers in choosing an optimal solution from alternative manufacturing options in an uncertain environment. The integrated approach incorporates different justification methods (e.g., strategic, economic, and analytic evaluations) for assessing tangible benefits, like cost, and intangible benefits, like quality, of different alternatives by a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method. As an illustrative example, selection of different advanced manufacturing technologies has been demonstrated by using the proposed methodology. The proposed concept will greatly reduce conflicts between tangible and intangible factors, and enhance the process of identification, interpretation, and diagnosis of the value of complex manufacturing and engineering systems.     

Optimizing the design and operation of measurements for control: Dynamic optimization approach

We shall present approaches to optimize the design of a measurement system and to schedule dynamically a versatile measurement resource. The analysis is based on expressing the system management task as a dynamic programming problem in which the system state is partially observable. We shall review the well-known linear-quadratic-Gaussian case, and discuss and give example solutions of discrete state systems with approximate dynamic programming methods to solve such problems in practice. Design problem is then studied by assessing the long-term performance of control and how it depends on properties of measurements. A simple design example is presented for a discrete state system.     

制造企业精益供应链物流管理信息系统的研究与实现

立足于精益思想，从精益生产的角度研究了制造企业供应链环境下精益物流管理信息系统的体系结构与功能组织。通过分析信息系统组织中关键的物流信息交流门户、物流要素能力平衡和物流库存控制问题，以价值链理论为指导设计了信息系统主要的功能模块，并结合汽车零部件制造企业对原型系统进行了分析与验证。     

面向差异性的供应链服务水平综合评价模型

为有效评价供应链的客户服务水平,支持供应链运作管理与供应链优化的研究,提出一种面向差异性的供应链服务水平综合评价模型.基于供应链运作过程,从可靠性、及时性、灵活性三个方面分析了服务评价相关的指标要素,构建了服务评价的指标体系;分析了不同类别客户、产品的差异性服务需求.为了在评价过程中体现出这种固有的差异性,以便更准确地评价供应链的服务水平,设计了基于多级权重的供应链服务水平综合评价过程框架.综合运用网络分析方法和模糊集理论,建立了指标权重求解的数学模型,对服务指标的各级权重进行了求解.最后,以一个应用实例,说明应用该方法评价供应链服务水平的过程.     

An integrated model of dynamic cellular manufacturing and supply chain system design

In a global dynamic environment, there is a need to develop organizations and facilities significantly more flexible and responsive. This work proposes an integrated model of dynamic cellular manufacturing and supply chain design with consideration of various issues such as multi-plant locations, multiple markets, multi-time periods, reconfiguration, etc. The model objective was to minimize the sum of various costs such as facility/plant to market transportation cost, part holding cost at a facility/plant, part outsourcing cost, machine procurement cost, machine maintenance overhead cost, machine repair cost, production loss cost due to machine breakdown, machine operation cost, setup cost, tool consumption cost, inter-cell travel cost, intra-cell travel cost, and system reconfiguration cost for the entire planning time horizon. To study the model, three procedures—LINGO, artificial immune system, and hybrid artificial immune system—are used to perform computational experiment on some problems from existing literature. The best result generally is found by the hybrid artificial immune system algorithm.     

Mitigating the bullwhip effect by reducing demand variance in the supply chain

To coordinate an agile manufacturing system with the high-level requirements of marketing services, supply chain management (SCM) plays an important role in management activities for enterprise globalization. In SCM, a phenomenon called the “bullwhip effect” has attracted considerable attention. Beyond the previous studies, we consider multiple retailers with one supplier in the supply chain and examine ways in which the supplier can reduce the total demand variance by adjusting retailers’ order sizes. The results reveal that the total demand variance can be reduced by using portfolio theory to adjust the order sizes based on the variance of order of the retailer. Therefore, the bullwhip effect can be partially reduced by our proposed method .     

供应链环境下车间订单计划与执行的集成系统

在阐述支持车间订单计划和执行的信息系统的基础上,提出实现车间订单计划和执行的集成系统架构,以在实现车间订单管理的同时优化对供应链的管理,提高供应链的敏捷性.