Extinguishment of selected metal fires using carbon microspheroids

The authors report some fire extinguishing performance data of noncorrosive, carbon microspheroids on metal fires of sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, and lithium as compared to dry chemical extinguishing agents, graphite flour, commercial sodium chloride, and commercial ammonium phosphate.     

Extinguishment of natural gas pressure fires

Several series of tests have been performed to compare the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate-base and potassium bicarbonate-base dry chemicals in extinguishing natural gas fires. The author describes the methods used to analyze test data and recommends specific dry chemical application rates for extinguishing such fires. Note: Copies of the motion picture records of the tests may be borrowed from The Ansul Company and the Safety First Products Corporation.     

Extinguishment of compartment fires using portable chemical extinguishers and water

Extinguishing experiments on post-flashover room fires, using various kinds of portable extinguihers or water jets, are reported. Typically 2–3 kg of AB-type (general purpose) powders were required to put out test fires of almost 5 MW heat release rate. With water the minimum flow for extinction was 17 l/min or 7.5 g/m² s. When halon or B-type powder was used the fire re-ignited.     

Na-X,a new fire extinguishing agent for metal fires

Metal fires impose extraordinary requirements on fire extinguishing agents. A sodium carbonate-based agent has been developed to satisfy those requirements for sodium fires.     

Extinguishment of burning wood charcoal surfaces

Experimental data of the rates of extinguishment of wood charcoal combustion are presented for various water application rates and air flow conditions. The experimental configuration consists of burning the top end of vertically positioned charcoal cylinders in a vertical stagnation air flow field. Experimental techniques for introducing, and measuring, moisture into the airstream are also presented.     

两起重大火灾

1日本一所养老院发生重大火灾事故 暴露的问题 2009年3月19日晚上,日本群马县涉川市一所名为“田间优良静养院”的老年设施发生火灾,两栋房屋被烧毁（共410m^2）,死亡10人,伤1人。     

Modelling of compartment fires

This paper provides a brief review of the modelling of fire growth in compartments and explains the main lines of development and some of the questions raised by each type of modelling.

Much of the work is from the USA and Japan, but European countries are becoming more interested in this subject and there is strong international co-operation both informal and within CIB.     

欧洲的森林火灾

1法国:2005年7月6日图1法国南部森林大火“我们的消防员一直在奋力扑打这场发生在法国南部的森林大火。”海滨胜地圣·哈法埃勒消防局长斯迪发纳·法勒西对F&R(《灭火与救援》杂志)说。“这场森林大火使成千上万的旅游者被迫撤离”。“这场大火造成尼斯到艾克斯省的公路被临时关闭,但最终我们将其扑灭。火灾使大片林地受损”。其他的几处火灾造成马塞和尼斯地区列车临时停运和电力供应中断,一些城镇和旅游区被迫进行了疏散。接连发生的火灾使法国约15000ha,西班牙100000ha的森林和葡萄牙70000多ha的土地受损。消防官员们表示出对人为因素引…     

城市火灾防救对策

分析了当前城市火灾预防和扑救面临的几个主要情况,提出了做好此项工作应注重的几个相应对策。     

汽车火灾事故调查

在分析汽车火灾原因的基础下,对其火灾原因调查方法作了介绍。     

汽车火灾的研究

近年来汽车火灾在全国各地均属上升趋势，火灾损失的比例不断加大，尤其是汽车放火案与汽车电气故障引发的汽车火灾，损失与纠纷越来越多也更加复杂，而汽车燃料油与排气管系统引发的火灾也时有发生。文章主要介绍各种类型火灾的蔓延规律与痕迹特征、起火点判断方法及物证提取时注意事项；并提出了一些防止与减少火灾的措施。     

The modeling of pulsating fires

The authors present scaling relationships for modeling pulsating fires. Data gathered from various sizes of pulsating fires compared favorably with the predicted relationships between fire diameter and pulsation frequency. Note: Mr. Byram is Principal Physicist and Mr. Nelson a Forest Products Technologist with the Southern Forest Fire Laboratory. The paper was presented at the fall meeting, Western States Section, The Combustion Institute, La Jolla, California, October 27 and 28, 1969.     

Gasoline fires and foams

Several types of currently used foams were tested for effectiveness on various fuels, including aviation kerosene, heptane, hexane, pentane, benzene, toluene, and motor gasoline. The purpose of the tests was to find some standard against which to measure fire fighting capabilities of foams. Difficulties in testing and test results are discussed. It was found that several popular foams fail more frequently than expected.     

美国的群死群伤火灾

据美国消防协会统计 ,1999年美国共发生火灾182 30 0 0起 (平均每 17秒钟 1起 ) ,比上年度增加3.8%。死亡 35 70人 ,受伤 2 1875人。火灾损失额 10 0亿2 4 0 0万美元。1999年美国共发生群死火灾 4 4起 ,死亡 2 14人。这类火灾 ,有 2 1件发生在住宅建筑之中 ,死亡 115人 ;有 2 3件发生在非住宅建筑之中和非建筑物火灾之中 ,死亡 99人。美国人统计概念中的群死火灾 ,也称多数人烧死火灾 ,是指在一次住宅建筑火灾个案中死亡 5人以上者 ,或在 1次非住宅建筑火灾或非建筑物火灾个案中死亡 3人以上者。近 10年间 ,这类火灾呈下降趋。1999年美国艾…     

气象与建筑火灾

在介绍了建筑火灾与气象具有密切关系的基础上,论述了针对气象诸因素的多种防火措施如防雷、防潮及防爆泄压等设计,还展望了我国这方面研究的突出成果及城市防火规划等。     

Extinguishment of Cooking Oil Fires by Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems

A series of full-scale experiments were conducted in a mock-up commercial cooking area to study extinguishing mechanisms and effectiveness of water mist against cooking oil fires. The impact of water mist characteristics, such as spray angle, droplet size, flow rate, discharge pressure and type of nozzle, on the effectiveness of water mist against cooking oil fires was investigated. A series of oil splash experiments were also conducted to determine if the oil was splashed by water mist. In addition, the change in oil composition during heating and fire suppression was determined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique.The study showed that cooking oil fires were very difficult to extinguish, because they burned at high temperature and re-ignited easily due to changes in oil composition during heating and fire suppression. The water mist systems developed in the present work effectively extinguished cooking oil fires and prevented them from re-ignition. The spray angle, discharge pressure, and water flow rate were important factors to determine the effectiveness of water mist in extinguishing cooking oil fires.     

A discussion of compartment fires

A discussion of an earlier paper by T. Z. Harmathy.