等离子辉光TiN复合渗镀层结构与性能的研究

利用等离子渗金属技术、尖端放电、空心阴极效应和反应气相沉积技术，在碳钢表面形成具有扩散层和沉积层的新型复合渗镀TiN沉积层＋TiN析出相＋Ti扩散层，并与等离子渗镀TiN，Ti层以及在碳钢基体表面直接用PVD法沉积TiN薄膜的表面形貌、结构、耐蚀性进行了检测和分析。结果表明：等离子渗镀的复合渗镀TiN／Ti层表面为均匀起伏的胞状物，Ti和N原子由表层呈梯度沿基体向内分布，属于冶金扩散层；用等离子渗金属技术等形成的复合渗镀TiN沉积层＋TiN析出相＋Ti扩散层，其表面形貌是为均匀、致密、细小的组织，平均硬度达到2500HV0．1左右，渗镀层厚度达十几微米，TiN层择优取向为（200）晶面；而PVD法直接沉积TiN薄膜厚度较薄，晶粒以不规则形式分布在基体上。在0．5mol／L H2SO4溶液中腐蚀性能表明，复合渗镀TiN沉积层＋TiN析出相＋Ti扩散层的耐蚀性较好。     

多层复合渗镀TiN耐蚀性的研究

采用双层辉光渗金属技术,在碳钢表面形成具有扩散层和沉积层的TiN复合渗镀层.对复合渗镀、PVD以及复合渗镀 PVD三种工艺制备的TiN层表面形貌、成分及在10%H2SO4和3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能进行了对比试验研究.结果表明:复合渗镀 PVD法沉积的TiN薄膜呈较为均匀、致密、细小的组织,Ti和N原子由表层呈梯度向内分布.与PVD法沉积的TiN层不同,是属于冶金扩散结合层,渗镀层厚度可达10 μm以上.在10%H2SO4和3.5%NaCl溶液中,渗镀层的腐蚀速度分别为0.156g/(m2·h)和0.025g/(m2·h),显示出了优异的耐蚀性.     

等离子合成TiN渗镀层组织结构及耐蚀性研究

采用等离子合成TiN渗镀层方法,在碳钢表面形成TiN沉积层＋含TiN的扩散层组织,Ti和N原子由表及里呈梯度分布,表面是均匀、致密的TiN胞状组织,显微硬度在20 GPa～25 GPa之间;沉积层与基体之间有一扩散过渡区,结合力好,无剥落现象.X射线衍射结果表明：渗镀层表面为TiN层,(200)晶面的衍射峰最强,具有明显的择优取向.将TiN渗镀试样与不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti和Q235钢在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中进行电化学腐蚀对比实验表明：TiN渗镀层的耐蚀性能比不锈钢和Q235钢基体分别提高了1.4和4.2倍.      

等离子辉光合成TiN渗镀层耐腐蚀性能的研究

介绍了一种同时利用等离子尖端放电、空心阴极效应和反应气相沉积技术,在碳钢表面形成具有扩散层和沉积层的TiN渗镀层新工艺技术.将该TiN渗镀试样与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和Q235钢在1 mol/LH2SO4溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中,分别进行电化学腐蚀对比试验.结果表明：TiN渗镀层在酸性溶液中的耐蚀性能比1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和Q235钢分别提高了1.4和4.2倍.在盐水中的耐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了182.6倍,但比1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢耐蚀性能稍差.渗镀TiN层耐酸性溶液腐蚀性能优于耐盐水腐蚀性能.     

双层辉光等离子制备TiN渗镀层的耐蚀性能

利用双层辉光等离子表面合金化技术,在Q235钢表面直接合成TiN渗镀层,该渗镀层由TiN颗粒均匀分布的扩散层及表面TiN沉积层组成。将TiN渗镀层与Q235钢基体和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在4%的NaOH溶液、l mol/L H2SO4溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中分别进行电化学腐蚀对比试验。结果表明:在4%的NaOH溶液中,TiN渗镀层的耐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了26.8倍,与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢相当;在l mol/L H2 S04溶液中,TiN渗镀层耐腐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了10.5倍,比1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢提高了1.65倍;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中,TiN渗镀层耐腐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了10.3倍,但比1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢稍差。TiN渗镀层耐酸碱性溶液腐蚀性能要比耐盐溶液腐蚀性能强。     

TC4钛合金表面渗碳复合TiN(Ti)膜层的抗冲蚀性能研究

硬质膜层能够显著提高飞机发动机钛合金叶片的抗固体颗粒冲蚀性能,现有的软基体/硬膜层体系由于较高的脆性及界面不匹配性很容易被冲蚀,膜基界面极易发生脆性剥落。为了改善硬质膜层的抗冲蚀性能,结合辉光离子扩渗及等离子增强电弧离子镀技术,本文在TC4合金表面制备了具有梯度渗碳及TiN(Ti)膜层的复合渗镀层,并表征了结构对于复合渗镀层性能的影响。结果表明,相对于未强化的TC4基体表面单层TiN及12周期复合Ti/TiN膜层,复合渗镀层的显微硬度及膜基结合强度均同步得到了提高。冲蚀试验结果表明,TC4基体未渗碳前,表面单层TiN膜层呈现出脆性冲蚀开裂机制,12层复合Ti/TiN膜层由于多层复合结构的增韧效应,呈现出层状剥落及“冲蚀窝”损伤形貌。渗碳后,复合渗镀层的抗冲击韧性得到提高,单层TiN膜层在冲蚀条件下的膜基界面脆性开裂明显被抑制。渗碳复合12周期复合Ti/TiN结构的复合渗镀层具有最佳的抗固体颗粒冲蚀性能,表现出明显的韧性损伤机制,冲蚀失重率降低了十余倍。抗冲蚀性能的提高可归结于复合渗镀层较高的表面硬度、界面强度和强韧性匹配。     

碳钢表面氮化钛陶瓷化研究

介绍了一种在Q235钢表面，利用等离子溅射直接复合渗镀合成氮化钛新工艺方法。该渗镀层包括钢基体上均匀分布细小氮化钛颗粒的渗层和表面氮化钛沉积层。沉积层与基体为冶金结合，不会产生剥落。渗镀层表面硬度在1600～3400HV之间。X射线衍射结果表明，表面为纯氮化钛层，（200）晶面的衍射峰最强，具有明显的择尤取向。用划痕仪进行结合强度检测，声发射曲线未见突起的信号峰值，表明结合强度良好。复合渗镀氮化钛试样在10％硫酸、5％盐酸、3．5％氯化钠水溶液和硫化氢富液中进行腐蚀试验，耐腐蚀性能分别比改性前提高了84、11．67、1．15、21．15倍。     

碳素工具钢560℃双辉等离子渗铬硬化的研究

采用离子氮化＋双层辉光离子渗金属的复合处理渗铬新技术，对碳素工具钢进行560℃表面渗镀铬硬化研究。结果表明，渗镀层组织由沉积层＋扩散层组成；渗镀层表面形成4～5μm的沉积层，含铬量达50％以上，致密并与基体冶金结合；内有20-25μm的扩散层，扩散层含铬量呈梯度分布；经X射线衍射分析，其表面物相由Fe-Cr、CrN、Cr7C3、Cr23C6等组成；渗镀层的显微硬度达1000HV以上，硬度向内逐步降低，呈梯度分布。     

钨在不同温度下形成的辉光离子渗镀层的特性

利用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍地采用辉光离子渗镀技术在没温度下于碳钢表面形成的钨渗镀层进行了研究。结果表明：渗镀层表面的沉积层为形成结构的体心立方晶体钨，内侧的扩散层为因溶钨的α－Ｆｅ相，其上分布着ＦｅＷ３Ｃ。在较低渗镀温度下，钨沉积层形成锥状晶，具有较高的硬度，而耐蚀性相对较差。随渗镀温度升高，锥状晶不断长大，最后形成柱养昌，这是耐蚀性较好而硬度相对降低。     

材料表面技术的研究及双辉技术在防腐蚀中的应用

文章简要介绍了化学气相沉积（CVD）、物理气相沉积（PVD）、高能束表面改性及其它表面处理技术的新进展,讨论了利用双辉离子渗技术处理后碳钢对酸液的耐腐蚀性能.经双辉技术处理后的碳钢试样在稀硫酸和富液中的耐腐蚀性能显著提高.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.