生物质电厂锅炉燃烧调整试验研究

分析了生物质发电现状,针对某生物质电厂秸秆锅炉,进行了燃烧调整试验研究,考察了一次风、二次风、燃料性质和锅炉漏风对燃烧的影响.结果表明,加强燃烧中心区通风,协调一、二次风量,可降低锅炉不完全燃烧损失和排烟损失,提高锅炉效率;控制人厂燃料含土量与水分,减少杂物,可提高燃烧安全性;降低锅炉漏风量、调整锅炉配风、可保证锅炉正常运行.为生物质锅炉设计、改造和运行提供了参考.     

高效燃用生物质颗粒蒸汽锅炉的研究与设计

介绍了生物质颗粒燃料的燃烧特性,针对燃用生物质颗粒燃料的蒸汽锅炉结构设计的要求,提出了增大锅炉炉膛结构,改善一二次进风的配比,采用二次进风热能回收和PLC自动控制等方面的改进措施。     

燃煤链条锅炉改燃生物质颗粒燃料的方案研究

生物质颗粒燃料取代常规煤燃料对节约常规能源、优化我国能源结构、减轻环境污染具有积极的意义。生物质颗粒燃料与常规煤燃料的特性有较大的区别。当将燃煤锅炉改造为燃生物质颗粒燃料锅炉时应采取相应的改造措施。以本公司锅炉为实例对燃煤链条锅炉的炉膛和燃烧系统进行了改造,通过对炉拱、炉排、风室、卫燃带、上料系统、燃烧控制系统进行改造实现了锅炉与生物质颗粒燃料燃烧的良好匹配。能效和环保测试结果表明,锅炉改燃生物质颗粒燃料后热效率提高,污染物排放符合标准要求。     

生物质燃料工业锅炉设计、运行操作及管理要点

说明生物质燃料锅炉设计、操作、管理必须符合所选生物质的燃烧特性。二次风份额大于50%。炉膛水冷度与燃料水分密切相关。烟气炉膛内停留时间2~3 s。锅炉给料必须连续均匀、可调。运行中必须及时清除受热面粘结的焦渣、灰尘。     

生物质锅炉优化燃烧研究

通过对典型生物质颗粒燃料及锅炉热效率研究分析,提出了优化生物质颗粒燃料锅炉燃烧和提高锅炉热效率的措施。     

生物质颗粒燃料及直燃式生物质锅炉

根据生物质颗粒燃料的燃烧特性设计制造直燃式生物质工业锅炉,对直燃式生物质工业锅炉的常见燃烧方式、生物质层燃锅炉的一些独特结构进行分析探讨,有助于燃生物质颗粒锅炉性能的完善和提高。     

生物质颗粒燃料燃烧设备的研究进展

生物质颗粒燃料是一种优质的清洁燃料,可替代煤炭等化石燃料,广泛应用于炊事、供暖等民用领域和锅炉燃烧、发电等工业领域.文章简述了生物质颗粒燃料的燃烧特性,分析了国内外生物质颗粒燃料燃烧设备的研究进展及应用现状,对3种类型的生物质颗粒燃料燃烧器、进料系统、控制系统、清灰装置以及污染物排放等进行比较,最后指出了目前燃烧器存在的主要问题,并提出了我国生物质颗粒燃料燃烧设备的发展方向.     

层燃锅炉燃煤改烧生物质颗粒燃料的探讨

通过对生物质颗粒燃料燃烧特性的分析,比较其与煤的燃烧特性的不同。对燃煤锅炉的结构及操作运行工艺提出改造、改进方案,从而使层燃锅炉既能燃煤又能烧生物质颗粒燃料或混烧。燃煤改烧生物质颗粒后,锅炉热损失减少,锅炉热效率提高,可节省大量煤炭,又减少环境污染。     

新型生物质循环流化床锅炉燃烧NOx释放规律研究

以新型生物质循环流化锅炉为研究对象,对炉内燃烧过程和NOx释放规律进行数值模拟.研究结果表明:生物质CFB锅炉燃烧过程中粒径较小的颗粒在一、二次风的作用下冲进旋风分离器,粒径较大的颗粒在炉内稀相区形成回旋.沿炉膛高度方向NOx浓度变化由小增大并保持稳定,但在过量空气系数由1.1至1.25变化过程中,炉膛出口处NOx质量...     

二次风分布对CFB锅炉炉内气固混合及燃烧的影响

对于循环流化床锅炉,通常是将总风量分为一次风和二次风来控制燃烧过程的进行,而大型循环流化床锅炉又进一步将二次风沿炉膛高度方向分为若干层并分布在燃烧室四面墙上来加强对燃烧过程的控制.首先介绍了横向二次风射流对促进循环流化床锅炉气固混合及煤燃烧的作用.在一台燃烧低挥发分煤的循环流化床锅炉上进行的实验,分析炉内流场对该锅炉不同供风模式下二次风在炉内分布情况的影响.在此基础上考察二次风在炉内不同的分配方式对煤的燃尽和炉内温度场的影响.实验结果表明,通过二次风优化可以加强炉内气固混合,促进气体和燃料的扩散,提高燃烧低挥发份煤的CFB锅炉燃烧效率.     

生物质燃料在燃煤锅炉上直接燃烧的试验研究

在1台燃煤锅炉上进行了生物质燃料燃烧试验和与燃煤的对比试验。结果显示,燃煤锅炉须经改造才能适应生物质燃料。生物质燃料与燃煤比较,不论燃料性质、燃烧现象、结焦特性、对炉膛的要求等方面都不同。生物质燃料燃烧时出现了不低于1 300℃高温区域和较高的NOx排放,与文献报道差别较大。     

Experimental investigation of the primary combustion zone during staged combustion of wood-chips in a commercial small-scale boiler

In this work the primary combustion zone of a modified, commercial, small-scale boiler was investigated during staged combustion of wood-chips. Experimental research on thermal conversion of biomass in fixed beds is necessary to supply reliable data for gas phase combustion model validation and optimization. Furthermore, scruting of pollutant emission formation and combustion efficiency enhancement can be conducted. Two different fuel moistures were used while the primary combustion zone of a small-scale boiler was investigated as a function of the primary air ratio. The combustible products leaving the fuel layer were analyzed under continuous operation by an extractive method. This approach is new in the field of small-scale biomass combustion research and considers the strong coupling between the products leaving the fuel bed and the heat fluxes emitted by the flame of the secondary combustion zone. Additionally, fine particulate matter emissions were quantified to study the effect of varying primary air ratio and different fuel moisture on particulate formation. Results show that the primary air ratio and the fuel moisture have a significant influence on the primary combustion products composition, on the fuel bed behavior and on fine particulate matter emissions. At low primary air ratios, tars constitute a significant part of the heating value of primary combustion products. The smallest amount of particulate emissions was found at low primary air ratio and low fuel moisture. Experimental data was validated with an elemental balance, which showed perfect accordance.     

循环流化床锅炉燃料适应性的研究分析

对循环流化床 (CFB)锅炉的燃料适应性进行了研究 ,分析了不同煤种在CFB锅炉内的燃烧、设计、运行等特点。CFB燃烧方式具有很强的燃料适应性 ,但针对具体的锅炉及辅助设备 ,CFB锅炉同粉煤炉一样具有一定的局限性     

1台高低差速床生物质直燃锅炉的设计

高低差速床生物质直燃锅炉结合了国内外生物质燃料燃烧先进技术,采用了独特的低倍率内外结合的循环燃烧方式,散装生物质直接入炉燃烧,是一种新型的清洁燃烧技术。它继承了循环流化床的原理,并将燃烧床面分成主床和副床,不仅解决了磨损问题,而且可以借助于综合传热系数与流化速之间的近似线性关系,通过改变副床送风量来调节吸热比和流化速度,使燃料在炉膛内停留时间长,其高低床面的结构具有强烈的播散效果,能够迅速烘干燃烧各种含水量高的低热值燃料,保持稳定运行,另外,生物质实现直燃节省了前期加工成本。着重介绍该种炉型设计思路和结构及发展前景。     

Potential applications of renewable energy sources,biomass combustion problems in boiler power systems and combustion related environmental issues

This paper describes the potential applications of renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuel combustion as the prime energy sources in various countries, and discusses problems associated with biomass combustion in boiler power systems. Here, the term biomass includes organic matter produced as a result of photosynthesis as well as municipal, industrial and animal waste material. Brief summaries of the basic concepts involved in the combustion of biomass fuels are presented. Renewable energy sources (RES) supply 14% of the total world energy demand. RES are biomass, hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind and marine energies. The renewables are the primary, domestic and clean or inexhaustible energy resources. The percentage share of biomass was 62.1% of total renewable energy sources in 1995. Experimental results for a large variety of biomass fuels and conditions are presented. Numerical studies are also discussed. Biomass is an attractive renewable fuel in utility boilers. The compositions of biomass among fuel types are variable. Ash composition for the biomass is fundamentally different from ash composition for the coal. Especially inorganic constituents cause to critical problems of toxic emissions, fouling and slagging. Metals in ash, in combination with other fuel elements such as silica and sulfur, and facilitated by the presence of chlorine, are responsible for many undesirable reactions in combustion furnaces and power boilers. Elements including K, Na, S, Cl, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Si are involved in reactions leading to ash fouling and slagging in biomass combustors. Chlorine in the biomass may affect operation by corrosion. Ash deposits reduce heat transfer and may also result in severe corrosion at high temperatures. Other influences of biomass composition are observed for the rates of combustion and pollutant emissions. Biomass combustion systems are non-polluting and offer significant protection of the environment. The reduction of greenhouse gases pollution is the main advantage of utilizing biomass energy.     

Field and CFD Study of Fuel Distribution in Pulverized Fuel(PF)Boilers

The article presents both field and CFD results of a new concept of a mechanical pulverized fuel(PF)distributor.The goal of the study was to improve the pulverized coal-air mixture separation in PF boilers where the fuel preparation and feeding system was operated in a combined coal and biomass grinding conditions.The numerical analysis was preceded after a field study,where measurements were carried out in a pulverized coal-fired(PC)boiler equipped with a technology of NOx reduction by means of primary methods.Proper distribution of a pulverized coal-air mixture to the individual burners is one of the fundamental tasks of the combustion systems where the primary methods are implemented to control the NOx emission.Problems maintaining the proper distribution of fuel to the burners related primarily to the boilers where the coal and biomass co-grinding is used.Changing the load of coal-mills and fuel type at the same time(i.e.,different types of biomass)could result in less effective separation of pulverized fuel particles in PF distributors.Selection of an appropriate construction of a distributor will allow the better control of the combustion process which results in decreased NOx emission while keeping the proper combustion efficiency,i.e.,less unburned carbon(UBC)in the fly ash.The results of the field measurements made it possible to create a CFD distribution base model,which was used for the analysis of a new splitter construction to be used in a PF distributor.Subsequent analysis of the numerical splitter enables precise analysis of its construction,including the efficiency of separation and the prediction of conveying of the coal and biomass particles.     

生物质能再燃烧还原氮氧化物（NOx）的探讨

再燃烧是目前低NOx技术正在发展的较有前途的一种方法,它是利用燃料分级,形成还原性气氛迫使NOx分解,文中探讨了利用生物质作为再燃燃料,煤炭作为主燃料的再燃烧还原NOx的原理和方法。     

生物质直燃发电厂锅炉炉型选择探讨

目前生物质直接燃烧发电是生物质利用的主流技术之一,锅炉设计选型是生物质发电厂技术的主要核心,选择什么样的炉型,不仅影响着生物质电厂的投资、经济型,还影响着生物质电厂的使用寿命。对生物质直燃发电厂的几个炉型比较研究,为生物质直燃发电厂的炉型选择提出建议,供生物质发电厂设计时参考。