Effect of AlN Particulate Size on Superplasticity of AlNp/6061 Al Composites

Superplastic tensile tests of AlNp/606l Al Composites, fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques, were performed at strain rates ranging from 10-1-10-3S-1 and at temperatures from 833 to 893 K. Hot rolling after extrusion was employed to obtain a fine grained structure before \superplastic testing. The superplastic behavior of AlNp/6061 Al Composites was compared with that of AlN particulate size. Differential scanning calorimeter was used to ascertain the possibility of any partial melting in the vicinity of optimum superplastic temperatures.     

HIGH STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY OF A AIN PARTICULATE REINFORCED 6061Al COMPOSITE

1. IntroductionHigh strain rate superplasticity (HSRS) in ceramic whisker or particulate reinforcedaluminum alloy composites is expected to offer an efficielltly near-net shape forming technique to the automobile, aerospace and even semiconductor industries, since the HSRScomposites usually exhibit a total elongation of 250%--600% at a high strain rate of about0.1--10s--ltl--171. The findings are significant not only for MMCs themselves but also forsuperplasticity itself since one of the m…     

Study on high strain rate superplasticity of A 6061Al alloy composite reinforced with 30 Vol.% AlN particulate

An investigation on the superplastic behavior of 30 vol.% AlNp/6061Al composite prepared by powder metallurgy (PM) techniques was carried out. Superplastic tensile tests of the composite were performed at strain rates ranging from 10° to 10⁻³ s⁻¹ and at temperatures from 823 to 893 K. A fine-grained structure prior to superplastic testing was obtained by hot rolling after extrusion. The highest total elongation to failure of 438% was achieved at a temperature of 863 K and at an initial strain rate of 1.67×10⁻¹ s⁻¹ and the highest value of the strain rate sensitivity index (m) was 0.42 for the composite. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to investigate the possibility of any partial melting in the vicinity of optimum superplastic temperatures. The formation of a liquid phase is attributed to the melting of the Al-Si eutectic phase at the surface of the AlN particulates at elevated temperatures, as determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The influence of the microstructure and the fracture behavior on the superplastic behavior of the composite was studied by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A large number of matrix filaments were present at the fracture surfaces of the specimens when superplastic deformation of the composite was performed under the optimum superplastic test conditions. The presence of dislocations and fine recrystallized grains in the test specimens suggested that they play an important role in the high-strain-rate superplasticity for this composite.     

Effect of AIN Particulate Size on Superplasticity of AINp/6061 Al Composites

In recede years, superplasticity has been demonstrated in many discontinuously reinforcedcomposites [l--16]. These stUdies proved thatsuperplasticity is observed at very high strainrate (10--z--10 s--'). Although high strain ratesuperplasticity has been observed in variousaltuninum alloy composites, it has not been understood how particulate size of reinforcementhas an effect on HSRS behavior of Al-Manixcomposites. It is necessary, therefore, to investigate superplastic characteristics of A…     

搅拌铸造AA6061-T6/AlNp复合材料的干滑动磨损行为

以AA6061为基体、AlN颗粒为增强体,采用搅拌铸造工艺得到AA6061-T6/AlNp复合材料,研究了AA6061-T6/AlNp复合材料的干滑动磨损行为。开发回归模型来预测复合材料的磨损率。采用四因素、五水平的正交实验进行优化。实验因素包括滑动速度、滑动距离、荷载、增强体AlN颗粒的质量分数。采用SYSTAT 12软件和统计工具,如方差分析（方差分析）和t实验,验证回归模型。结果表明,开发的回归模型可以有效预测复合材料的磨损率,置信度达95%。采用回归模型,并依据磨损表面形貌分析,预测实验因素对AA6061-T6/AlNp复合材料磨损率的影响。回归模型预测结果表明,复合材料的磨损率随着增强体AlN质量分数的增加而降低,随着滑动速度、滑动距离、荷载的增加而增加。     

Superplastic behavior of PM SiCp/6061 aluminum alloy composites at high strain rates

The superplastic behavior of a powder-metallurgy processed 6061 Al composite was investigated as a function of SiC content increasing from 0% to 30% at 10% increments over a wide temperature range from 430°C to 610°C. The materials were found to be high-strain-rate superplastic. In the temperature range where grain boundary sliding (GBS) controlled the plastic flow, the strength of the composite was lower than that of the unreinforced matrix alloy even after compensating for grain size and threshold stress. This “particle weakening” was in contrast with the particle strengthening observed in the low temperature range where dislocation climb creep was found to control the plastic flow. In the GBS regime, the strength differential between the materials was a function of SiC content and temperature, which increased with the increase in SiC content and temperature. Strong Mg segregation was detected at interfaces between SiC and Al phases in the composites. Evidence for interfacial reaction reported in the Si₃N₄ reinforced 6061 Al composites could not be detected in the current composites. Extensive formation of whisker-like fibers was observed at the fractured surface of the tensile samples above the critical temperature where particle weakening begins to be exhibited. This result suggests the possibility that partial melting in the solute-enriched region near SiC interfaces is responsible for the particle weakening in the SiC reinforced 6061 Al composite.     

SUPERPLASTICITY IN SiCw／ZK60 COMPOSITE

The superplastic deformation behavior of SiCw/ZK60 composite was investigated at temperatures ranging from 573K to 723K and at initial strain rates ranging from 8.3x10-4s-1 to 8.3x10-2s-1. A maximum elongation of 200% with a m-value of 0.35 was obtained at 613K and a initial strain rate of 1.67x 10-2s-1. The apparent activation energy (98kJ/mol) approximates that for grain boundary diffusion (92kJ/mol) in magnesium. It is proposed that the dominant mechanism of superplastic deformation in the present composite is grain boundary sliding accommodated by diffusional transport, besides, interfacial sliding plays an important role in the superplastic deformation.     

双相NiAl金属间化合物超塑性

研究双相Ni-31Al金属间化合物的高温变形行为。结果表明,该合金在950~1075℃温度范围,1.25×10-4~8×10-3s-1应变速率范围内呈超塑性变形。在温度为1000℃、应变速率为5×10-4s-1时,最大延伸率可达281.3%。显微结构分析表明,超塑性变形过程中两相具有很好的协调变形能力,超塑性变形后原始组织拉长、细化。双相Ni-31Al金属间化合物超塑性变形机制可能为连续动态回复与再结晶。     

SiCp增强2024铝基复合材料超塑性的研究

对搅拌铸造法制备的SiCp/2024Al复合材料超塑性的预处理、力学行为、微观结构及变形机制进行了研究,结果表明,合适的强烈塑性变形是改善复合材料组织进而提高超塑性的有效方法:经小挤压、热轧和冷轧后,在温度为823K、初始应变速率为 1.1×10-3 s-1的拉伸变形条件下,超塑延伸率为405%,超塑变形机制为晶粒的适度长大、动态连续再结晶和适当的微量液相共同协调的晶界滑动:液相不是该复合材料展现超塑性的必要条件。     

LY12合金粗晶材料的超塑性变形机制

采用单轴拉伸对LYl2粗晶材料进行超塑性研究，温度一定时，在较高和较低的应变速率下都得到了大延伸率，而处于中间应变速率的试样延伸率较低。SEM断口分析表明，晶界上产生的粘性物质对粗晶超塑性行为有决定性影响。在高应变速率下，晶界上粘性层很薄，被粘性层包围着的晶粒和亚结构在相互挤压和相对转动中容易细化，有利于超塑性变形能力的提高且不易产生孔洞，室温性能良好；低应变速率下，大多晶界上都有粘性物质包围且粘性层厚度增大，粘性物质的增多使超塑性变形能力增强，但易产生孔洞，使室温性能恶化；而中间应变速率区间，晶粒细化程度不够，晶界上末产生较多粘性物质，有少量孔洞产生且变形能力较差。     

Superplasticity of a SiC particulate-reinforced 6A02AI matrix composite

The superplastic characteristics of a 15% (volume fraction) SiCp (14 μm)/6A02A1 composite, fabricated by stirring casting and cold-rolling after extrusion with a low extrusion ratio of 10:1 and hot-rolling, were investigated. The composite exhibits a tensile elongation of 250% at an initial strain rate of 8.9 x 10-4 s-l and at 833 K where an appropriate amount of liquid phase is presented in the composite. The superplastic deformation is uniform and the strain hardening exponent 2is as high as 1.6. The fracture surface is intergranual and the superplastic deformation mechanism of the composite is considered to be grain boundary (interface) sliding accommodated by an appropriate amount of liquid phase.     

SUPERPLASTICITY OF A WATER-QUENCHED AND TEMPERED 40Cr STEEL

1.IntroductionSuperplasticity possesses many good characteristics such as high elongation, low flow stress and high atom diffusion ability, which make it show good application in metal forming and diffusion bonding of complex shape structure. Up to now, the superplasticity of steel has been more investigated, however the pretreatment in order to obtain fine grain and then superplasticity was often carried out by circular quenchingof typically 3 times and subsequent high-temperature tempering, …     

HIGH STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY IN A SiC_w/2024Al COMPOSITE MADE BY SQUEEZE CASTING

1.IntroductionHighStrainratesuperplasticity(HSRS)infineceramicwhiskerorparticulatereinforcedaluIninUIncompositesisveryattractipeforcommercialaPplicationsbecausetheHSRScompositesusuallyeallibitatotalelongation0f25M00%atahighstrainrate0f>10-2s-1Il-7]andoneofcurrentdrawbacksinsuperPlasticformingteclm0logyisaslowf0rIIilngratewhichistypically10-5-10-3s-1.Forindustrialfabricati0nofceramicwhiskerreinforcedaJumintuncomposites,squeezec88tingprocedureismorecost-ethetivethanpowdermetallurgy(P/M)m…     

搅拌摩擦处理Al3Zr/6063原位复合材料的组织和性能

研究搅拌摩擦加工工艺对Al3Zrp/6063铝基复合材料组织性能的影响。该复合材料在6063-5%(K2ZrF6)体系下原位内生获得,利用OM、XRD、SEM观测原位内生颗粒Al3Zr的形貌、分布及尺寸,分析材料性能。实验分析可得:经搅拌摩擦处理后,复合材料的增强体更加细小均匀;基体晶粒破碎,晶粒形状发生改变;材料的抗拉强度变大,延伸率变大;具有超塑性,在变形温度500℃,应变速率1.67×10-2s-1,材料的延伸率达348.16%。     

Activation energy for superplastic flow in aluminum matrix composites exhibiting high-strain-rate superplasticity

The activation energy for superplastic flow in a variety of Si₃N₄/Al composites exhibiting high-strain-rate superplasticity was analyzed. The activation energy in a solid state including no liquid was in agreement with the one for lattice self-diffusion. However, the activation energy was increased by the presence of a liquid phase. The behaviors of the Al-Cu-Mg(2124) alloy composites were different from those of the Al-Mg(5052), AI-Mg-Si(6061) and Al-Zn-Mg(7064) alloy composites. This is probably because partial melting occurred at a temperature lower than the apparent partial melting temperature determined by the DSC investigation, however, the volume of liquid was too small to be measured by the DSC investigations for the Al-Cu-Mg composites.     

氮化硅陶瓷超塑性研究

以非晶氮化硅纳米陶瓷粉体为起始材料,以纳米氧化钇和氧化铝为添加剂液相烧结获得超塑性陶瓷块体材料,实现氮化硅陶瓷的超塑性拉伸和超塑性成形。氮化硅陶瓷的平均晶粒直径为280nm,在1550℃的较低温度,4.7×10-4/s的相对较高应变速率下,延伸率可达到110%,在成形速率0.2mm/min的条件下,可拉深成形出完好的球形和锥形零件。在室温断口上存在大量的细小的白色氮化硅晶粒;而高温断口上却几乎不存在这样的晶粒,这种不同可以用氮化硅陶瓷材料的超塑性变形机理来解释,也可以证明超塑性变形过程中晶界玻璃相的存在。     

Effects of Tool Rotation Rates on Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Friction Stir Processed Mg-Zn-Y-Zr AlloyEI北大核心CSCD

Compared to conventional Mg-Al and Mg-Zn system magnesium alloys, the Mg-Zn-Y-Zr heat-resistant alloy exhibits high thermal stability due to the addition of Y earth element, which is an ideal candidate for producing high strain rate superplasticity (HSRS, strain rate >= 1 x 10(-2) s(-1)). Recently, the HSRS of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy was achieved by friction stir processing (FSP), because the FSP resulted in the generation of fine and equiaxed recrystallized grains and fine and homogeneous second phase particles. However, the study on superplastic deformation mechanism of FSP Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy at various parameters is limited relatively. Therefore, at the present work, six millimeters thick as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Zr plates were subjected to FSP at relatively wide heat input range of rotation rates of 800 r/min to 1600 r/min with a constant traverse speed of 100 mm/min, obtaining FSP samples consisting of homogeneous, fine and equiaxed dynamically recrystallized grains and fine and uniform Mg-Zn-Y ternary phase (W-phase) particles. With increasing rotation rate, within the FSP samples the W-phase particles were broken up and dispersed significantly and the recrystallized grains were refined slightly, while the fraction ratio of the high angle grain boundaries (grain boundaries misorientation angle >= 15 degrees) was increased obviously. Increasing rotation rate resulted in an increase in both optimum strain rate and superplastic elongation. For the FSP sample obtained at 1600 r/min, a maximum elongation of 1200% was achieved at a high-strain rate of 1x10(-2) s(-1) and 450 degrees C. Grain boundary sliding was identified to be the primary deformation mechanism in the FSP samples at various rotation rates by superplastic data analyses and surfacial morphology observations. Furthermore, the increase in rotation rate accelerated superplastic deformation kinetics remarkably. For the FSP sample at 1600 r/min, superplastic deformation kinetics is in good agreement with the prediction by the superplastic constitutive equation for fine-grained magnesium alloys governed by grain boundary sliding mechanism.     

Er、Zr微合金化5083铝合金的超塑性

针对5E83合金(Er、Zr微合金化5083合金),采用超塑性拉伸试验、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM),探究了Er、Zr微合金元素、晶粒尺寸、变形温度、应变速率对合金超塑性的影响。通过再结晶退火、空冷和水冷的搅拌摩擦加工(FSP),分别获得了晶粒尺寸为7.4、5.2、3.4μm的完全再结晶组织,作为初始状态进行超塑性拉伸。结果表明,初始晶粒尺寸越细小,超塑性伸长率越高。当晶粒尺寸>5μm时,超塑性变形过程晶粒粗化缓慢,细化初始晶粒可显著提高超塑性;而当晶粒尺寸<5μm时,超塑性变形过程晶粒粗化严重,进一步细化初始晶粒对超塑性的提高有限。不同变形温度、应变速率的超塑性拉伸结果显示在变形温度为450～540℃、应变速率为1.67×10^-4～1.67×10^-1 s^-1,超塑性伸长率随变形温度和应变速率的提高呈现先上升后下降再上升的趋势;变形温度为520℃、应变速率为1.67×10^-3 s^-1条件下,水冷FSP态合金获得最大伸长率330%...     

固溶处理对TiB2/6061复合材料硬度及耐磨性的影响

采用氟盐法制备了TiB₂质量分数为3%的原位合成TiB₂/6061复合材料,研究了固溶温度和固溶时间对复合材料硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:TiB₂颗粒弥散分布在6061铝合金基体中,明显细化6061铝合金基体晶粒。当固溶温度一定时,随固溶时间延长,复合材料的硬度和耐磨性可获得明显提高,但固溶时间在6~10 h时,复合材料的性能变化不显著。当固溶时间一定时,随固溶温度升高,复合材料硬度和耐磨性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。3wt%TiB₂/6061复合材料经530 ℃×10 h固溶处理后,硬度和耐磨性能最佳,相较于铸态硬度值提高了79.5％,磨损量减少了59.1%。固溶处理后复合材料的磨损表面犁沟变细变浅,材料脱落现象减少。     

YZTC4钛合金的超塑性及其等温精锻工艺参数研究

本文通过高温拉伸试验研究ＹＺＴＣ４钛合金的高温力学性能和超塑性能，探求该合金超塑性等温精锻工艺参数。研究结果表明，经过细化处理的ＹＺＴＣ４在Ｔ＝８５０℃和ε０＝１．３×１０－３ｓ－１的变形条件下，具有最佳的超塑性能，Ｍ值为０．８０，最大延伸率可达１０８０％。