某新建中型水库泥沙淤积及回水分析计算

拟建中型水库建成后来沙量较大,水库运行过程中泥沙淤积问题严峻,同时泥沙的淤积将影响后期水库的回水距离.采用《土壤侵蚀现状图》来估算泥沙淤积高程及泥沙淤积量,并通过水面线计算程序MIKE 11水动力模块和泥沙模块进行水库回水分析,泥沙淤积高程和淤积量呈逐年增加趋势,水库回水变化符合一般回水规律,可为相似工程泥沙淤积与回水...     

凤翔县白荻沟水库泥沙问题探讨

本文分析了凤翔县白荻沟水库泥沙淤积原因、淤积量与入库水量的关系以及淤积分布情况,提出了减缓水库泥沙淤积的措施.     

小水库泥沙淤积量测算方法研究

在建立概化模型的基础上,以库容曲线为基础,推求出测算小水库泥沙淤积量的平均淤积高程法、校正因数法和部分表面面积法;并推求出泥沙淤积体规则概化的锥体公式和拟台体公式等测算小水库泥沙淤积量的简化方法.采用简化方法测算小水库泥沙淤积量简单方便,可大大提高工作效率.     

浅析图上预先定点交会法测算凤溪水库泥沙淤积的可行性

本文根据凤溪水库的实际情况,通过对水库泥沙淤积测算方法的比较,分析了图上预先定点交会法测算凤溪水库泥沙淤积的可行性,并介绍了采用图上预先定点交会法测算凤溪水库泥沙淤积量的具体测量过程,并概括了预先定点交会法测算水库泥沙淤积的优点。     

GPS-RTK在白石水库泥沙淤积测量中的应用

本文以2013年白石水库泥沙淤积断面测量应用实例,探讨了GPS-RTK与测深仪结合进行水下地形测量方法,并通过CASS软件分析计算水库泥沙淤积量,使水库管理单位及时掌握水库库容变化情况,为多泥沙河流水库泥沙淤积测量方法提供了参考。     

二滩水库多年泥沙淤积特征分析

根据二滩水库蓄水运行以来实测水文和泥沙断面测量资料,对水库泥沙淤积特征进行了分析,结果表明:二滩水库1998~2011年泥沙淤积量约6.25亿m3,淤积大部分在死库容以下,调节库容损失率6.18%;1998~2000年蓄水初期年均淤积量约0.76亿m3,2000~2011年年均淤积量近0.36亿m3。水库泥沙淤积以三角洲形态逐渐向坝前推进,从泥沙淤积纵向分布看,干流泥沙淤积主要分布于库中段;从横向分布看,淤积主要集中在主槽。实测三角洲淤积洲头距坝约66.0 km,坝前平均淤积高程为1 030.0 m,远低于泄洪建筑物进口和机组进水口底高程,不会出现坝前泥沙淤积问题。     

万安水库泥沙淤积分析

依据万安水库库区9个断面历年实测大断面资料以及万安水库坝址上下游5个水文站实测泥沙资料,分别采用地形对比法和沙量平衡法对库区泥沙淤积情况进行了分析计算,提出了万安水库泥沙淤积形态、淤积量、分布等结论.     

水库泥沙淤积的灰色动态模型

本文以头屯河水库泥沙淤积的时间序列数据为依据,应用灰色系统理论,建立了水库泥沙淤积的灰色动态模型,得到了累积淤积量的变化规律,提出了直到1994年的累积淤积量的预测值。1989年以前的模型计算值与实测物吻合良好。     

抽水蓄能电站水库泥沙淤积计算初探

本文根据抽水蓄能电站的特点，提出了不同的水库类型应采用不同的泥沙淤积计算方法，并指出其与常规水库泥沙淤积计算的异同。文中介绍了泥沙过蓄能电站机组的含沙量与粒径，提出了台坪式上水库来沙量与淤积量的估算方法以及确定上水库泥沙淤积高程的方法。通过算例进一步阐明抽水蓄能电站水库泥沙的淤积计算方法与步骤。     

三峡水库泥沙淤积及减淤措施探讨

受上游水库蓄水拦沙、水土保持工程实施、河道采砂及气候变化等因素的影响,三峡水库的入库水沙条件发生了明显变化,水库淤积量大幅度减少。根据实测资料,分析了蓄水以来三峡水库淤积特性,以及减淤措施的实施时机及效果。研究表明:在入库沙量大幅度减少的前提下,三峡水库淤积大为减轻;汛期实施沙峰调度能够增大排沙比,减少水库淤积量;消落期实施库尾减淤调度能够有效缓解库尾局部河段淤积;局部河段清淤能够高效清除淤积泥沙,确保航道畅通。研究结果丰富了水库泥沙淤积管理方法和水库泥沙调度理论,为水库长期保持有效库容提供了参考。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。