新型食品添加剂增稠剂-刺云实胶的特性及其在食品中的应用

刺云实胶是由半乳甘露聚糖组成的高分子量多糖类物质,在我国可作为食品添加剂增稠剂使用。它具有溶解性好,在低浓度时具有高黏度的特性。本文研究了刺云实胶的溶解性、黏度随温度、浓度的变化趋势,以及研究了刺云实胶在食品工业中的应用,尤其是与其它水溶胶的异同点及协同作用。     

刺槐豆胶的流变性研究

对刺槐豆胶的流变性进行了研究。研究结论表明：刺槐豆胶的粘度随浓度的升高而升高,当浓度为2%时,其粘度46.4MPa.s;刺槐豆胶为非牛顿流体,其粘度随切变速度的增加而降低;小于80℃加热时可使刺槐豆胶的粘度增加,60℃为刺槐豆胶的最佳加热温度;冷冻对刺槐豆胶溶液的粘度没有影响,而冷藏可使刺槐豆胶的粘度有所下降;pH对刺槐豆胶溶液的粘度影响不大,即刺槐豆胶在酸性溶液和碱性溶液中较为稳定;刺槐豆胶与黄原胶无协效性。     

黄原胶特性及其在食品和复配胶中的应用

黄原胶具有剪切稀释、悬浮乳化、增稠、耐盐、耐酸碱、耐高温等独特性能,被广泛应用于石油开采、化工、医药、食品等多种行业.简要介绍了黄原胶的基本结构、生产工艺流程、性质和在食品及复配胶中的应用,重点论述了黄原胶在肉制品、面制品、饮料中的应用及与卡拉胶、刺槐豆胶和魔芋胶的配伍性.     

亲水胶体对糯玉米汁稳定性影响

为进一步提高糯玉米汁稳定性,比较研究不同亲水胶体(黄原胶、海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶和刺槐豆胶)对糯玉米汁体系稳定系数、离心沉淀率、相对黏度和感官的影响,并探讨糯玉米汁体系的静电稳定性。结果表明：黄原胶具有一定的乳化效果,可以在一定程度上缓解糯玉米汁脂肪圈的形成;海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶和刺槐豆胶对糯玉米汁的稳定效果较好,并且随着添加量的增加,体系稳定系数和相对黏度逐渐提高;而黄原胶与海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶分别以不同质量比复配时,在黄原胶、刺槐豆胶质量比1:4时,糯玉米汁体系稳定性最佳。     

黄原胶与其它食品胶协同增效作用及其耐盐稳定性的研究

以黄原胶、羟丙基淀粉、ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶、魔芋精粉等为主要研究对象,系统地研究了黄原胶与其它食品胶２种或３种之间的协同增效作用及其耐盐稳定性。研究结果表明：黄原胶与羟丙基淀粉、ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ复配无协同增效作用,黄原胶与刺槐豆胶、魔芋精粉、瓜尔豆胶有良好的协同增效作用,两者或三者按适当比例配合后,耐盐稳定性显著提高,用量比任一单一胶少,而且使用成本大幅度降低,因此复配食品胶在高盐食品中使用具有明显的优越性和广阔的应用前景。     

黄原胶与其它食品胶协同增效作用 及其耐盐稳定性的研究

以黄原胶、羟丙基淀粉、ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶、魔芋精粉等为主要研究对象,系统地研究了黄原胶与其它食品胶２种或３种之间的协同增效作用及其耐盐稳定性。研究结果表明：黄原胶与羟丙基淀粉、ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ复配无协同增效作用,黄原胶与刺槐豆胶、魔芋精粉、瓜尔豆胶有良好的协同增效作用,两者或三者按适当比例配合后,耐盐稳定性显著提高,用量比任一单一胶少,而且使用成本大幅度降低,因此复配食品胶在高盐食品中使用具有明显的优越性和广阔的应用前景。     

刺槐豆胶在婴儿配方乳粉中的应用研究进展

0～6个月的婴儿容易出现胃食管反流现象,该现象会使婴儿出现拒食、哭闹或背拱等情况,而将刺槐豆胶作为增稠剂应用到婴儿配方奶粉中可以改变奶的稠度,从而有效减少婴儿的胃食管反流现象。本文介绍了国内外法规对刺槐豆胶使用量的规定情况,综述了食用添加刺槐豆胶的婴儿配方奶粉后对婴儿体重增长、某些矿物质利用率及胃食管反流现象的影响。     

增稠剂和乳化剂对豆浆稳定性的影响

为增加豆浆的稳定性,采用测定豆浆稳定系数、表面张力及进行感官评分的方法筛选适合用于豆浆样品的增稠剂和乳化剂,确定了最适宜的豆浆增稠剂和乳化剂的种类及其用量。经过黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、卡拉胶、结冷胶和海藻酸钠的单因素实验,黄原胶和刺槐豆胶的复配实验及黄原胶、刺槐豆胶和乳化剂(单硬脂酸甘油酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯)的正交实验得出以下结果:黄原胶和刺槐豆胶对增加豆浆稳定性有着较好的效果,当它们的质量浓度分别为0.2g/L时,其稳定系数分别为0.737、0.742。单硬脂酸甘油酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯复配后HLB=8、质量浓度为2g/L时,豆浆样品的稳定性最好,表面张力为41.7mN/m。当黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、乳化剂质量浓度(单硬脂酸甘油酯质量∶蔗糖脂肪酸酯质量=7∶4)分别为0.14、0.14、2g/L时豆浆的稳定性最好,此时豆浆样品的稳定系数为0.879,表面张力为41.6mN/m,感官评分为96。     

响应面优化缅甸刺梧桐胶多糖制备工艺

以缅甸刺梧桐胶为原料,运用单因素试验结合响应面法对超声提取刺梧桐胶多糖的工艺进行优化,确定最佳工艺条件为:0.06mol/L的NaOH、超声时间1.52h、液料比100.16∶1(mL∶g),此条件下刺梧桐胶多糖得率的实际值为62.25%,预测值为62.7529%,实际值与预测值基本相符,证实该预测模型的实用性和准确性。因此,试验采用响应面法优化缅甸刺梧桐胶多糖的工艺准确可靠,可为后续利用发展刺梧桐胶提供一定的理论基础。     

刺梧桐胶硫酸酯的制备工艺研究

优选刺梧桐胶硫酸化修饰的条件,初步探讨硫酸化修饰提高刺梧桐胶活性的可能性。采用氯磺酸-吡啶法对刺梧桐胶进行硫酸化修饰,以氯磺酸一吡啶配比、反应温度和反应时间为因素水平,单因素设计优选修饰条件,蒽酮硫酸法测定多糖纯度,对合成的刺梧桐胶硫酸酯用红外光谱表征。结果表明：氯磺酸与吡啶的比例为1：6,反应温度为94℃,反应时间为2h时硫酸基团取代信号最强。因此,此条件可作为合成刺梧桐胶硫酸酯的最佳条件。     

皂荚胶及其与黄原胶复配胶的耐盐稳定性

对皂荚胶及皂荚胶与黄原胶复配胶的耐盐稳定性进行了研究。研究结果表明，皂荚胶的耐盐稳定性较好，可单独应用于高盐食品中，而皂荚胶与黄原胶复配胶的耐盐稳定性较差，不能用于高盐食品中。     

Novel use of Acacia senegal (Super Gum™) and Anogeisus latifolia (Gatifolia SD) as functional ingredients in extruded snack products: Their role in manipulating product characteristics and modulating the potential glycaemic response of snack foods

Acacia senegal (in the form of Super Gum™) and Anogeissus latifolia (in the form of gum Gatifolia SD) were used in the manufacture of ready to eat extruded cereal snack products. Inclusions rates were 0, 5, 10 and 15% w/w replacement levels for wheat flour from a control recipe. The inclusion of Super Gum™ and Gatifolia increased product expansion and reduced product density compared to a cereal flour based control snack product. Inclusion of the gum materials also decreased the hardness of the snack products whilst increasing the crispiness of the product (number of fracture peaks recorded during axial compression of samples). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) measurements obtained using in vitro digestion procedures illustrated that the potential glucose release of snack products was reduced by more than 30% by the inclusion of Gatifolia and Super Gum™ at 15% w/w compared to the control sample. Such a reduction in potential glucose release was not dose responsive. These results illustrate a potential nutritional benefit of the utilisation of Gatifolia and Super Gum™ in the ready to eat snack food sector of the food industry.     

沙蒿胶在乳化香肠中的应用研究

沙蒿胶是一种可工业化发展的食品添加剂和药用资源。本试验研究了沙蒿胶在乳化香肠生产中的添加效果。单因素试验表明,当沙蒿胶的添加量为0.3g/kg时,产品的黏着性明显提高(P<0.05);沙蒿胶经过与水和脂肪乳化后添加,对于产品黏着性的提高有更好的效果;水和脂肪使用量的增加可降低产品的黏着性并导致析水性升高;淀粉使用量的增加可以降低产品的析水率,但同时降低了产品的弹性(P<0.05);大豆蛋白用量的增加可提高产品的弹性,改善产品品质(P<0.05)。正交试验确定了沙蒿胶在乳化香肠中的最优添加量为0.3g/kg,同时脂肪和水的用量各增加2.25%、淀粉2%和大豆蛋白1%。最终结果表明,添加一定量的沙蒿胶和水、脂肪、大豆蛋白等物质不仅可以保证产品的优良品质,而且降低了生产成本,有助于企业效益的提高。     

黄原胶的特性、发展现状、生产及其应用

黄原胶是一种用途广泛的微生物胞外多糖。本简要介绍了其分子结构和理化性质、发展现状、生产及其在食品工业中的应用。     

Evidence for the safety of gum karaya (Sterculia spp.) as a food additive

Gum karaya (GK), accepted as Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) in the USA since 1961, was accepted temporarily (Annex II) as a food additive by the EEC in 1974. Since then no adverse incident involving human health has been attributed to the ingestion of GK, which is used in extremely small amounts in foods. This report collates the evidence of safety now available and presents the data on Need, production tonnages and dietary intake levels.     

胶体在冷冻面条中的应用研究

主要介绍选用瓜尔胶、海藻酸钠、魔芋胶、刺槐豆胶、黄原胶、CMC、聚丙烯酸钠、卡拉胶、结冷胶这9种不同食用胶,以水溶的方式加入以鹏泰A4粉为原料制成的面团中,通过对添加不同食用胶的冷冻面条进行剪切力、拉伸和TPA的测定,研究胶体对冷冻面条品质的影响.在所选的9种食用胶中,黄原胶能显著提高面条的剪切力、拉伸力和咀嚼度,对面条品质的改良作用最好,且添加量为0.3%时整体表现效果最好;聚丙烯酸钠不仅能显著提高面条的剪切力和拉伸力,还能增加面条的拉伸距离,提高面条的延伸性;海藻酸钠和结冷胶能有效提高面条的剪切力和拉伸力;卡拉胶、刺槐豆胶和瓜尔胶相比前几种食用胶,整体表现一般;魔芋胶和CMC虽不能显著提高面条的剪切力和拉伸力,但能有效增大面条的拉伸距离.     

Characterization of Gum Ghatti (Anogeissus latifolia): A Structural and Rheological Approach

ABSTRACT:  Gatifolia, a commercial gum ghatti ( Anogeissus latifolia ) product was studied for its structural, thermal, and rheological characteristics. This study may prove helpful for the use of gum ghatti in a diverse range of food applications. The molecular weight ( M _W) and  R_g  (radius of gyration) for gum ghatti were calculated to be approximately 8.94 × 10⁷ g/mol and 140 nm, respectively, using high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) system combined with multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS). Gum ghatti solutions exhibited pseudoplastic behavior (as determined by flow experiments), which became more prevalent with increasing concentrations. Gum ghatti also displayed time-dependent shear-thickening behavior and showed negative hysteresis during up–down flow measurements. Under the measurement conditions at the range of frequencies and temperatures studied, the gum did not behave as a typical viscoelastic gel.     

亚麻籽胶性能研究——亚麻籽胶的粘度和乳化性

亚麻籽胶即富兰克胶,是一种纯天然、多功能、营养型植物胶。可做为增稠剂、乳化剂、保湿剂及发泡稳定剂、悬浮稳定剂广泛应用于各类食品加工行业。亚麻籽胶的粘度、亚麻籽胶的乳化性及其与胶液浓度、温度、胶液组成的关系进行了研究。     

Evidence for the safety of gum tragacanth (Asiatic Astragalus spp.) and modern criteria for the evaluation of food additives

Gum tragacanth (GT), affirmed as GRAS within the USA since 1961, was evaluated as 'ADI not specified' by JECFA in 1985. Within the EEC, GT has been permitted temporarily as a food additive (E413), without an ADI, since 1974; a decision regarding its permanent status must be reached before the end of 1988. This review collates the dietary, toxicological, immunological and chemical data available and presents the pre-requisite data concerning the 'Need' and low levels of utilization of GT.     

QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN NOODLES CONTAINING GELATINIZED STARCH, TRANSGLUTAMINASE AND GUM

ABSTRACT

Effects of gelatinized corn flour addition level (40, 60 and 80%), gum (locust bean gum or xanthan gum, 3%) and/or transglutaminase (TG, 0.5%) on quality characteristics of corn noodle were investigated. Gelatinized corn flour was used as a binder for remaining untreated corn flour (60, 40 and 20%). Corn noodles were evaluated in terms of cooking properties (cooking loss, total organic matter (TOM), water absorption, swelling volume and maximum force), color, sensory and pasting properties. Noodle sample containing gelatinized corn flour at level of 80% exhibited best cooking and sensory properties. Gum and/or TG were added to this noodle formula. Gum improved noodle quality in terms of some cooking properties. Improving effect of xanthan gum was more obvious. Covalent crosslinks catalyzed by TG caused significantly lower cooking loss and TOM values. Gums generally caused increases in Rapid ViscoAnalyzer viscosity values of noodles. Gum and/or TG show great promise in processing of gluten‐free corn noodle.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Celiac disease occurs in about one in 300 people in Europe. Lack of gluten in cereals that are safe for gluten‐free food causes major problems in dough processing and product quality. Technological difficulties in production and lack of awareness of number of celiac patients in need of gluten‐free products might restrict researches related to gluten‐free food. In recent years, various approaches to overcome the technological problems are arising. Searching for ingredients that have ability to mimic properties of gluten in production of gluten‐free food is the most common approach. We report herein beneficial effects of gelatinization, gum (locust bean gum, xanthan gum) and/or transglutaminase (TG) in gluten‐free corn noodle production. They have major improving effects in noodle quality and show great promise as a processing aid in bulk manufacture of gluten‐free corn noodle. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating utilization of TG in gluten‐free corn noodles.