粉末冶金AA2024合金搅拌摩擦焊的组织和力学性能

本文通过搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)成功实现了粉末冶金AA2024铝合金挤压板材的焊接,在航空航天、汽车工业领域具有重要应用前景.为了确定FSW的最佳加工参数,对FSW接头的微观结构、力学性能和断裂行为进行研究.结果表明,当搅拌速度为2000 r/min、焊接速度为100 mm/min时,获得最优焊接接头性能,其抗拉强度、屈服...     

搅拌头结构尺寸变化对接头力学性能的影响

采用不同轴肩结构、轴肩尺寸及搅拌针结构的搅拌头,对4mm板厚6082-T6铝合金板材对接接头实施了搅拌摩擦焊接,对焊后搅拌头形貌及接头力学性能进行了对比分析,试验结果表明,选用不同结构尺寸的搅拌头焊接后,均能获得成型良好、表面光滑、无焊接缺陷的焊缝,接头抗拉强度均大于250 MPa;使用设计制造的轴肩为同心圆,搅拌针为三截面结构的搅拌头,在旋转速度为1 400r/min和焊接速度为1 000mm/min的工艺条件下,获得的接头抗拉强度可达285MPa,断裂位置发生在焊缝前进侧的热影响区。     

FSSP制备铜合金改性层耐磨性分析

搅拌摩擦表面加工(FSSP)是一种新的金属表层改性技术。文章利用FSSP技术对铜合金表层进行改性,提高铜合金表层的耐磨性。实验参数如下:搅拌头转速分别为700、1 000 r/min和1 300 r/min,搅拌头前进速度为200 mm/min,搅拌头下压量为0. 1 mm。利用金相显微镜分析各参数下获得的改性层金相组织变化。为分析磨损程度,利用摩擦磨损试验机分析各改性层的摩擦系数变化,利用扫描电镜(SEM)分析改性层磨损后的磨痕表面形貌。结果显示,实验获得的改性层晶粒得到细化。当搅拌头转速为1 300 r/min、搅拌头前进速度为200 mm/min、搅拌头下压量为0. 1 mm时获得的改性层耐磨性最好。     

低主轴压力下铝合金车体搅拌摩擦焊工艺优化

5083-H321铝合金具有质量轻、强度高等优点,在铁路运输中具有广泛应用.以C_(80)铝合金货车车体使用的5083-H321铝合金板材为研究对象,运用正交试验的方法,控制主轴转速、焊接速度以及搅拌头轴肩下压量这3个工艺参数进行试验研究.通过优化工艺参数组合,降低主轴压力,为焊接设备小型化提供参考.试验中以主轴压力和焊接质量为评价指标,优化焊接过程中的工艺参数,并对焊接结果进行拉伸试验以及X光检测.试验结果表明,通过正交优化试验确定5083-H321铝合金板的最佳焊接工艺参数为主轴转速1 600 r/min、焊接速度150 mm/min和轴肩下压量0.04 mm.使用该组工艺参数焊接时的主轴最大压力为常用压力的50%,降低了主轴压力.焊缝的平均抗拉强度达到母材的80%左右,X光检测未见内部缺陷.     

磁场对AZ31镁合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

为了研究外加磁场对焊接接头疲劳行为的影响规律,在对5 mm厚的AZ31镁合金板进行钨极氩弧焊过程中,外加纵向交流变频磁场.对不同磁场参数下镁合金焊接接头进行应变控制疲劳实验,采用光学金相和扫描电镜对焊接接头的显微组织和疲劳断口进行分析.实验结果表明：当磁场电流为2 A,频率为20 Hz时,焊缝的疲劳性能达到最佳值.合适的外加纵向磁场可以促使电弧旋转对熔池进行搅拌,改变晶粒结晶过程,使焊缝中晶粒组织得到细化,进而使焊缝的疲劳性能得到改善.     

焊接速度对钢/铝异种金属激光深熔焊接头特性的影响

为了解决钢/铝异种金属焊接接头力学性能较低的难题,采用无任何填充材料的光纤激光深熔焊接方法,研究了不同焊接速度对钢/铝搭接接头焊缝成形、界面组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着焊接速度从2.4 m/min增加到3.3 m/min,钢/铝接头焊缝成形不断改善,且在焊接速度为3.0、3.3 m/min时,获得良好的焊缝成形.钢/铝接头界面金属间化合物层由Fe_2Al_5和Fe_4Al_(13)相组成,且增加焊接速度明显减小Fe_4Al_(13)相的数量及界面Fe_2Al_5层的厚度.接头拉伸剪切试验结果表明,当焊接速度为3.0 m/min时,钢/铝搭接接头的机械抗力值最高达137.1 N/mm.     

搅拌摩擦焊准稳态温度场数值模拟

搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的准稳态温度场分布对最终接头的焊接质量有着十分重要的影响,文中在深入分析搅拌摩擦焊物理过程的基础上综合考虑了摩擦产热和塑性变形产热作为其热源,建立了相应的温度场数值模型,在此基础上运用COMSOL有限元软件对工业纯铝1100在转速750 r/min、焊接速度300 mm/s工艺参数下的准稳态温度场进行计算,并利用红外测温装置对计算结果进行验证,结果表明该模型可以较准确地描述搅拌摩擦焊准稳态的温度场分布。     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺对镁合金焊接接头机械性能的影响

采用不同搅拌摩擦焊工艺焊接镁合金，通过拉伸、三点弯曲试验分析了工艺参数对焊缝机械性能的影响。结果表明，采用合适的搅拌摩擦焊工艺可以成功地焊接镁合金并得到成型美观、质量好的焊接接头，焊缝中因产生充分的塑性流动，弯曲强度高，性能好，在一定参数范围内，随着搅拌头旋转速度R，R/V增加，抗拉强度极限值增加；随着焊接速度V增加，抗拉强度极限值下降，当采用最佳的工艺参数焊接，可得到最大抗拉强度极限值，接近母材的90％。     

LF2铝合金搅拌摩擦连接研究

对厚度为3mm的LF2铝合金板成功地进行了搅拌摩擦连接．金相组织观察显示焊核区晶粒由原始母材的扁平状转变为更加细小的等轴晶粒，力学性能测试表明热影响区的强度为最薄弱区域．当焊接速度、工具旋转速度、轴向压力分别为60mm／min、1200r／min、400N时，焊缝区的抗拉强度为245 MPa，是母材抗拉强度的92％，延伸率可达到母材的80％以上．     

7075铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊组织性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对10mm厚的7075铝合金板进行了焊接试验,焊接形式为单道对接焊,通过拉伸强度测试和显微组织观察,发现焊缝中粗大的化合物相被破碎,焊核区内是细小均匀的等轴晶,平均晶粒大小在4μm左右,热力影响区与热影响区的过渡区的金属塑性流线变化不很急剧,晶粒沿流线方向拉长,且有细小沉淀相在晶界上析出。焊缝显微硬度的最低值出现在前进侧,说明前进侧是焊缝的薄弱环节。实验结果表明:在旋转速度为1 200r/min,且焊接速度为60mm/min时,可以获得较好的焊缝组织,力学强度达到了320MPa。     

Effect of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded SSM7075 Aluminium Alloy

7XXX series aluminium alloys generally present low weldability by fusion welding methods because of the sensitivity to weld solidification cracking, vaporization of strengthening alloys and other defects in the fusion zone. Friction stir welding(FSW) can be deployed successfully with aluminium alloys. We presented the effect of post-weld heat treatment(PWHT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SSM7075 joints. Semi solid plates were butt-welded by FSW at a rotation speed of 1110 r/min, welding speeds of 70 and 110 mm/min. Solution treatment, artificial aging, and T6(solution treatment and artificial aging combined) were applied to the welded joints, each with three samples. It was found that the T6 joints at the speed of 70 mm/min yielded the highest tensile strength of 459.23 MPa. This condition best enhanced the mechanical properties of FSW SSM7075 aluminium alloy joints.     

Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloys

Friction stir welding( FSW ), a new solid-state welding technology invited in the early 1990s,enables us weld aluminum alloys and titanium alloys etc. The processing of FSW, the microstractare in FSW alloys and the factors influencing weld quality are introduced. The complex factors affecting the properties are researched.     

Prediction and optimization of process parameter of friction stir welded AA5083-H111 aluminum alloy using response surface methodology

A systematic approach was presented to develop the empirical model for predicting the ultimate tensile strength of AA5083-H111 aluminum alloy which is widely used in ship building industry by incorporating friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, and axial force. FSW was carried out considering three-factor five-level central composite rotatable design with full replications technique. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to developing linear regression model for establishing the relationship between the FSW process parameters and ultimate tensile strength. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was used to check the adequacy of the developed model. The FSW process parameters were also optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize the ultimate tensile strength. The joint welded at a tool rotational speed of 1 000 r/min, a welding speed of 69 mm/min and an axial force of 1.33 t exhibits higher tensile strength compared with other joints.     

搅拌摩擦焊研究最新进展

搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding．简称FSW)是一种新型固相连接工艺．它不仅能实现其他连接方式能够实现的接头，且能实现在熔焊条件下焊接性能差、易产生焊接缺陷的材料的连接，如高强铝合金、铝锂合金，使焊接接头的性能大大提高．本文分析了近年来搅拌摩擦焊技术的发展和最新进展，涉及搅拌摩擦焊机理即塑性流体运动情况适用母材、力学性能和焊接工具．     

Comparison of fatigue property between friction stir and TIG welds

The alloy 5052 was welded by friction stir welding （FSW） and tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding. The effect of welding processes （FSW and TIG） on the fatigue properties of 5052 aluminum-welded joints was analyzed based on fatigue testing, and the S-N curve of the joints were established. The results show that the fatigue properties of FSW welded joints are better than those of TIG welded joints. The fatigue strength is determined as 65 MPa under 106 cycling of fatigue life. The microstructure of joints is fine grains and narrow HAZ zone in FSW welds, which inhibit the growth of cracks and produce high fatigue life compared with that of TIG welds. Fracture morphologies also show that the fatigue fracture results from weld defects.     

Review: Progress and Trends in Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Friction Stir Welding

综述：超声振动辅助搅拌摩擦焊接的研究进展与发展动向

Najib Ahmad Muhammad, 武传松, Girish Kumar Padhy

（山东大学 材料连接技术研究所,济南 250061）

创新点说明：

搅拌摩擦焊作为一种新型的固相连接技术,具有焊接质量高、成本低、环境友好等许多优点,已经应用于航空、航天、造船、高速列车等领域。由于这种焊接技术依靠搅拌头与材料的摩擦产热和材料塑性变形时的粘性耗散产热来软化焊接区材料形成连接,因此,焊接时需要很大的转矩、轴向压力和水平进给力。有研究者通过辅加热能来解决这一问题,但也受到了各种因素的局限。而超声振动能量作为机械能,在辅助搅拌摩擦焊接、解决上述问题方面有很大优势。

本文评述了当前超声振动辅助搅拌摩擦焊工艺的研究进展,介绍了国内外近期研发的超声振动施加方式及相应的实施效果。作者课题组直接将超声振动通过工具头施加在搅拌头前方待焊工件上,研发出超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊UVeFSW新工艺。实验研究发现,UVeFSW能改善焊缝成形、减少缺陷尺寸、降低焊接载荷、提高焊接速度、细化焊核区和热力影响区的晶粒组织。该文分析了各种超声施加方式的优缺点,为超声振动辅助搅拌摩擦焊的进一步研发提供参考。

关键词：搅拌摩擦焊;超声振动辅助搅拌摩擦焊;声致软化效应;焊接载荷;加热历程;材料流;微观结构;机械性能

     

Penetration control by weld pool resonance during gas tungsten arc welding

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Influence of welding speed on corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded AA5086 aluminium alloy

The plates of AA5086 aluminium alloy were joined together by friction stir welding at a fixed rotation speed of 1000 r/min various welding speeds ranging from 63 to 100 mm/min.Corrosion behavior of the parent alloy(PA),the heat affected zone(HAZ),and the weld nugget zone(WNZ)of the joints were studied in 3.5%(mass fraction)aerated aqueous Na Cl solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The corrosion susceptibility of the weldments increases when the welding speed increases to 63 and 100 mm/min.However,the value of corrosion rate in the weldments is lower than that in the PA.Additionally,the corrosion current density increases with increasing the welding speed in the HAZ and the WNZ.On the contrary,the corrosion potential in the WNZ appears more positive than in the HAZ with decreasing the welding speed.The WNZ exhibits higher resistance compared to the HAZ and the PA as the welding speed decreases.The results obtained from the EIS measurements suggest that the weld regions have higher corrosion resistance than the parent alloy.With increasing the welding speed,the distribution and extent of the corroded areas in the WNZ region are lower than those of the HAZ region.In the HAZ region,in addition to the pits in the corroded area,some cracks can be seen around the corroded areas,which confirms that intergranular corrosion is formed in this area.The alkaline localized corrosion and the pitting corrosion are the main corrosion mechanisms in the corroded areas within the weld regions.Crystallographic pits are observed within the weld regions.     

基于搅拌摩擦焊接固有模式的创新性技术

搅拌摩擦焊（Friction Stir Welding，FSW）涉及温度、力学、冶金及其相互作用，具有温度低、塑性变形剧烈、接头质量高等特点，为近二十多年来具有重大技术突破的绿色焊接技术。为了进一步拓宽其在制造领域的应用，需突破FSW固有模式的技术壁垒，同时探索异种材料高可靠及高质量连接方法。基于焊缝减薄、匙孔和缺陷近等强修复、背部支撑以及异种材料（异种金属及金属与聚合物等）高质量焊接等基本问题，总结了FSW创新性技术。FSW创新性技术对改善其接头成形、实现高可靠连接及拓展工程适用性具有重要的指导意义。