PZT/LaNiO3/ LaAlO3结构制备及性能研究

利用激光脉冲法在LaAlO3衬底上沉积制备LaNiO3薄膜作为底电极材料,其上利用射频磁控溅射制备了PZT铁电薄膜。试验分析了LaNiO3表面结构和形貌,采用快速退火法在不同温度下对样品进行了热处理,发现在500℃即得到（100）取向、晶化完全的PZT薄膜,而性能测试表明,600℃下晶化的样品表现出非常优异的介电和铁电性能,电滞回线完全饱和而且形状对称,剩余极化和矫顽场分别为28.3μC/cm^2和54.1 kV/cm。     

PZT铁电薄膜的低温原位生长

在溅射法预制备的LaNiO3/Si基片上,用射频溅射法在较低的衬底温度(235～310℃)和纯Ar气氛中原位生长Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT)薄膜.通过优化溅射功率、基片温度等工艺,最后在260℃的较低基片温度上成功制备出具有良好铁电性的PZT薄膜.使用X射线衍射(XRD)测试样品的结构,原子力显微镜观察其表面形貌,TD-88A标准铁电测试系统测试样品(Ar/PZT/LNO结构)的铁电性能.结果表明:(1)溅射功率110W,基片温度260℃时,原位沉积的PZT呈(111)、(200)取向;(2)上述工艺制备的PZT薄膜展现良好的铁电性,在5V测试电压时,其剩余极化为23.1uc/cm2,漏电流密度为1.34×10-4A/cm2.     

基于可控剥离技术的柔性PZT薄膜的制备及其铁电性质

可控剥离技术(CST)作为一种薄膜制备方式已被广泛应用于柔性领域,例如硅基柔性太阳电池等。首先采用溶胶-凝胶法先后在普通硅基底上制备镍酸镧(LaNiO3)缓冲层和锆钛酸铅(PZT)薄膜。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行材料表征,发现PZT薄膜结晶良好,而且表面致密均匀,表明LaNiO3缓冲层有利于PZT薄膜的成膜。之后通过基于电镀镍方法的可控剥离技术实现了硅基底柔性PZT薄膜的制备。PZT薄膜弯曲之后,采用铁电测试仪测试了电滞回线。电滞回线表明该PZT薄膜的极化强度随着施加电压的增加而增大,而且随着电压的增加,电滞回线逐渐趋于饱和,饱和极化强度为38μC/cm~2。最终得出该柔性PZT薄膜不仅具有良好的机械性能,而且具有很好的铁电性能。     

硅衬底上PZT薄膜的制备及其特性分析

利用溶胶-凝胶提拉技术在低阻硅衬底上以钛酸铅(PT)作缓冲层,成功地制备了锆钛酸铅(PZT)高介电常数介质膜,其锆钛组分比为45∶55.研究了薄膜结晶状态与制备条件的关系及相应的介电、铁电特性.结果表明,用这种方法制备的PZT薄膜在800℃退火15min晶化已相当完善,以(110)为择优取向;这些样品的结晶尺度根据衍射峰的半高宽估计为14～25nm左右;采用Sawyer-Tower电路和LCR电桥测试法获得的结果表明,经过800℃退火15min的PZT样品,其剩余极化强度为47.7μC/cm2,矫顽场强为18kV/cm,介电常数为158,损耗因子为0.04～0.055.     

硅基PZT铁电薄膜的制备与性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶（Sol-Gel）方法制备了硅基Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3(PZT)铁电薄膜。分析了PZT铁电薄膜的表面形貌、晶化程度、界面状态等性质。基于上述分析结果提出并实现了低温退火处理制备有PT过渡层的PZT铁电薄膜的工艺流程。测试了低温制备的PZT铁电薄膜的C-V、漏电等电性能,发现在Sol-Gel法制备PZT铁电薄膜的工艺中加入PT过渡层,有助于提高PZT薄膜的品质。     

玻璃基LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器的制备和铁电性能

采用磁控溅射法制备La0.5Sr0.5CoO3(LSCO)薄膜、sol-gel法制备Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3(PZT)薄膜,在玻璃和Ti-Al/Si衬底上构架了LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器,研究了衬底对LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器结构和铁电性能的影响。研究发现:虽然生长在两种衬底上的PZT薄膜均为钙钛矿结构多晶薄膜,但是,生长在玻璃衬底上的LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器具有更好的铁电性能。玻璃基LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器的剩余极化强度(Pr)为28×10–6C/cm2,矫顽电压(Vc)为0.96V;而硅基LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器的Pr为25×10–6C/cm2,Vc为1.05V。     

LaNiO3/PbZr0.4 Ti0.6 O3/LaNiO3的疲劳特性研究

采用化学溶液法在Si基衬底上制备了PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3/LaNiO3异质结构。X-射线衍射测量结果表明,制备的PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3/LaNiO3异质结构中PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3薄膜呈高度(100)择优取向;原子力显微镜测量表明制备的PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3薄膜的表面平整、均匀、结构致密;RT-66A测量表明,400 kV/cm的外加电场下,LaNiO3/PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3/LaNiO3结构具有优良的铁电性,剩余极化强度为14.6μC/cm2,矫顽电场为41 kV/cm。翻转1×108次极化下降小于10%,显示了很好的疲劳特性。并进一步研究了Pb含量对PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3薄膜的微结构和极化特性的影响。     

镍酸镧缓冲层的制备及对钙锶铋钛的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法在Si(100)衬底上制备了LaNiO3薄膜,然后在LaNiO3/Si(100)上制备了钙锶铋钛薄膜。研究了热处理工艺对LaNiO3(LNO)薄膜的影响。研究结果表明,当热分解温度为350℃、退火温度为750℃,厚为250nm时,制备的LNO薄膜的(110)衍射峰取向择优最明显,电阻率也较低,(为1.8×10-3Ω.cm)。LNO缓冲层的引入促进钙锶铋钛薄膜沿A轴方向生长,明显改善了钙锶铋钛薄膜的电性能,即剩余极化强度Pr=15.2μC/cm2,矫顽电场Ec=70kV/cm。     

溅射沉积功率对PZT薄膜的组分、结构和性能的影响

用射频(RF)溅射法在镀LaNiO3(LNO)底电极的Si片上沉积PbZr0.52 Ti0.48 O3(PZT)铁电薄膜，沉积过程中基底温度为370℃，然后在大气环境中对沉积的PZT薄膜样品进行快速热退火处理(650℃，5min)．用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测量其组分，X射线衍射(XRD)分析PZT薄膜的结晶结构和取向，扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析薄膜的表面形貌和微结果，RT66A标准铁电综合测试系统分析Pt／PZT／LNO电容器的铁电与介电特性，结果表明，PZT薄膜的组分、结构和性能都与溅射沉积功率有关．     

硅基PZT薄膜的制备与刻蚀工艺研究

采用溶胶－凝胶（Sol-Gel）法制备了PZT薄膜,在600℃的退火温度下即获得了晶化完善的钙然矿铁电相结构。采用典型的半导体光刻工艺,利用HCl/HF刻蚀溶液成功地获得刻蚀线条分辨率达微米量级的PZT薄膜微图形。较好的解决了有关PZT薄膜制备与加工中存在的关键问题,为硅基铁电薄膜器件的实现奠定了良好的工艺基础。     

Performance improvement in tensile-strained In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As metamorphic HEMT

This paper proposes a In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As (x=0.3-0.5-0.3) metamorphic high-electron mobility transistor with tensile-strained channel. The tensile-strained channel structure exhibits significant improvements in dc and RF characteristics, including extrinsic transconductance, current driving capability, thermal stability, unity-gain cutoff frequency, maximum oscillation frequency, output power, power gain, and power added efficiency.     

Very low-noise Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/Ga/sub 0.65/In/sub 0.35/As/GaAs single quantum-well pseudomorphic HEMTs

AlGaAs/GaInAs/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs with an InAs mole fraction as high as 35% in the channel has been successfully fabricated. The device exhibits a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 700 mS/mm. At 18 GHz, a minimum noise figure of 0.55 dB with 15.0 dB associated gain was measured. At 60 GHz, a minimum noise figure as low as 1.6 dB with 7.6 dB associated gain was also obtained. This is the best noise performance yet reported for GaAs-based HEMTs.<>     

A 12 /spl times/ 12 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode array

We report a 12 /spl times/ 12 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode (APD) array. The mean breakdown voltage of the APD was 57.9 V and the standard deviation was less than 0.1 V. The mean dark current was /spl sim/2 and /spl sim/300 nA, and the standard deviation was /spl sim/0.19 and /spl sim/60 nA at unity gain (V/sub bias/ = 13.5 V) and at 90% of the breakdown voltage, respectively. External quantum efficiency was above 40% in the wavelength range from 1.0 to 1.6 /spl mu/m. It was /spl sim/57% and /spl sim/45% at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m, respectively. A bandwidth of 13 GHz was achieved at low gain.     

Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.25) doped-channel field-effect transistors (DCFET's)

The properties of both lattice-matched and strained doped-channel field-effect transistors (DCFET's) have been investigated in AlGaAs/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.25) heterostructures with various indium mole fractions. Through electrical characterization of grown layers in conjunction with the dc and microwave device characteristics, we observed that the introduction of a 150-/spl Aring/ thick strained In/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As channel can enhance device performance, compared to the lattice-matched one. However, a degradation of device performance was observed for larger indium mole fractions, up to x=0.25, which is associated with strain relaxation in this highly strained channel. DCFET's also preserved a more reliable performance after biased-stress testings.<>     

Morphological and electrical characterization of SixCryCzBv thin films

Si_xCr_yC_zB_v thin films with several compositions have been studied for integration of high precision resistors in 0.8 μm BICMOS technology. These resistors, integrated in the back-end of line, have the advantage to provide high level of integration and attractive electrical behavior in temperature, for analog devices. The film morphology and the structure have been investigated through transmission electron microscopy analysis and have been then related to the electrical properties on the base of the percolation theory. According to this theory, and in agreement with experimental results, negative thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) has been obtained for samples with low Cr content, corresponding to a crystalline volume fraction below the percolation threshold.Samples with higher Cr content exhibit, instead, a variation of the TCR as a function of film thickness: negative TCR values are obtained for thickness lower than 5 nm, corresponding to a crystalline volume fraction below the percolation threshold; positive TCR are obtained for larger thickness, indicating the establishment of a continuous conductive path between the Cr rich grains. This property seems to be determinant in order to assure the possibility to obtain thin film resistors almost independent on the temperature.     

Highly linear Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N-Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN composite-channel HEMTs

We report an Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N-Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN composite-channel HEMT with enhanced linearity. By engineering the channel region, i.e., inserting a 6-nm-thick AlGaN layer with 5% Al composition in the channel region, a composite-channel HEMT was demonstrated. Transconductance and cutoff frequencies of a 1 /spl times/100 /spl mu/m HEMT are kept near their peak values throughout the low- and high-current operating levels, a desirable feature for linear power amplifiers. The composite-channel HEMT exhibits a peak transconductance of 150 mS/mm, a peak current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 12 GHz and a peak power gain cutoff frequency (f/sub max/) of 30 GHz. For devices grown on sapphire substrate, maximum power density of 3.38 W/mm, power-added efficiency of 45% are obtained at 2 GHz. The output third-order intercept point (OIP3) is 33.2 dBm from two-tone measurement at 2 GHz.     

Comparison between Pt/TiO2/Pt and Pt/TaOX/TaOY/Pt based bipolar resistive switching devices

Nonvolatile memories have emerged in recent years and have become a leading candidate towards replacing dynamic and static random-access memory devices. In this article, the performances of TiO₂ and TaO₂ nonvolatile memristive devices were compared and the factors that make TaO₂ memristive devices better than TiO₂ memristive devices were studied. TaO₂ memristive devices have shown better endurance performances (10⁸ times more switching cycles) and faster switching speed (5 times) than TiO₂ memristive devices. Electroforming of TaO₂ memristive devices requires~4.5 times less energy than TiO₂ memristive devices of a similar size. The retention period of TaO₂ memristive devices is expected to exceed 10 years with sufficient experimental evidence. In addition to comparing device performances, this article also explains the differences in physical device structure, switching mechanism, and resistance switching performances of TiO₂ and TaO₂ memristive devices. This article summarizes the reasons that give TaO₂ memristive devices the advantage over TiO₂ memristive devices, in terms of electroformation, switching speed, and endurance.     

Electrooptic ferroelectric Na/sub 0.5/K/sub 0.5/NbO/sub 3/ films

We report on waveguiding and electrooptic properties of epitaxial Na/sub 0.5/K/sub 0.5/NbO/sub 3/ films grown by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/(11_02) single crystal substrates. High optical waveguiding performance has been demonstrated in infrared and visible light. The in-plane electrooptic effect has been recorded in transmission using a transverse geometry. At dc fields, the effective linear electrooptic coefficient was determined to 28 pm/V, which is promising for modulator applications.     

A 1 cm/spl times/1 cm In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode array

We report a 1 cm/spl times/1 cm array of 100 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiodes (APD). The average breakdown voltage was 28.7 V with a standard deviation of less than 0.5 V. The distribution of breakdown voltage across the area followed a radial pattern consistent with a slight epitaxial growth nonuniformity. The mean dark current at a gain of 10, or 6.1 A/W, was 10.3 nA, and none of the 100 APDs had a dark current of more than 25 nA. The bandwidth at a gain of 10 was 6.2 GHz, and the maximum gain-bandwidth product was 140 GHz. This technology is ideally suited for next-generation three-dimensional imaging applications.