一种新型人体三维建模系统的设计

设计了一款新型的人体三维建模识别系统。系统采用2片TI TMS320C64x+数字信号处理器组成算法核心单元,采用S3C6410嵌入式处理器实现时序及总线控制功能。该系统无需人体佩戴任何骨骼传感器网络,仅通过光学摄像头及图像处理算法即可完成人体三维运动建模,并可实现多人体运动目标的实时追踪功能。给出了该系统的实时多人三维运动建模结果,实测效果良好。     

浅析3D动漫造型协同创新设计方法

动漫造型的设计是一项依赖于脑力、创造力以及想象力的活动,能够体现出知识经济的特点,其中需要交互式的图形系统和分析计算为主的计算机辅助设计系统,这样才能为设计人员提供工具,实现人机交互．但是这并不能为设计人员的创造性思维有所帮助,也不能支持协同设计。本文首先对3D动漫造型的发展情况进行简述,之后分析3D动漫造型协同创新设计研究现状,结合现状提出3D动漫造型协同创新设计方法,从而引发动漫产业在国际市场上的发展,保证期发展前景的广阔性。     

A method of 3D modeling and codec

3D modeling and codec of real objects are hot issues in the field of virtual reality. In this paper, we propose an automatic registration two range images method and a cycle based automatic global registration algorithm for rapidly and automatically registering all range images and constructing a realistic 3D model. Besides, to meet the requirement of huge data transmission over Internet, we present a 3D mesh encoding/decoding method for encoding geometry, topology and attribute data with high compression ratio and supporting progressive transmission. The research results have already been applied successfully in digital museum. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60533070, 60773153), the Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 308004), the Project of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2006BAK12B09), and the Project of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Grant No. Z07000100560714)     

基于三维可视化技术的航空发动机试验舱设计

为了实现航空发动机试车舱的试车动画及简单的交互式控制,根据航空发动机试验舱的三视图,结合3ds Max软件建立发动机试车舱静态三维模型和制作发动机试车动画,然后将制作出的三维模型导入VC ++6.0平台去实现对模型的简单控制.通过试验,最终建立发动机试车舱模型,制作出发动机试车时的火焰气流效果,实现了鼠标对整个试车舱的...     

Sensitivity of Alpine3D modeled snow cover to modifications in DEM resolution,station coverage and meteorological input quantities

This study presents a comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty assessment of important input parameters on the Alpine3D modeled snow water equivalent (SWE) for two different alpine catchments. Horizontal resolution of the DEM grid, station coverage and several meteorological input quantities were modified. Decreasing the horizontal resolution from 25 m to 1000 m leads to a 10% higher SWE. Modifications in the spatial coverage of meteorological stations influences the SWE up to 20%. Modifications of meteorological input quantities within some plausible ranges lead to changes in SWE up to 30%. The results demonstrate that Alpine3D input uncertainties are in general in the same range as the typical measurement uncertainty of SWE and the uncertainty of the typical scenario spread of GCM-RCM ensemble runs.     

虚拟博物馆的三维场景构造及交互漫游实现

虚拟现实技术日趋成熟,针对虚拟场景的构造、交互漫游系统的实现过程展开讨论.系统对徐悲鸿博物馆的主要建筑物、生前作品及其雕塑进行了三维重建,实现了整个博物馆的虚拟漫游.探讨了构建虚拟博物馆三维场景及交互漫游实现过程中的若干关键技术问题,同时为虚拟博物馆系统的建立提供了一种切实可行的途径.     

由深度数据重建三维物体的一种方法

讨论由深度数据重建三维物体的一种新方法.其基本思想是根据由基于物体旋转的主动式三角法三维信息获取系统所获取的物体深度数据作为该物体的型值点.再根据型值点进行网格划分,以便形成满足一定约束条件的空间拓扑网格.最后使用有理Bezier三角曲面片与矩形曲面片相结合的方法进行曲面拟合与逼近.     

一种基于照片中纹理重构三维模型的方法

如何从真实世界中获取具有真实感的三维场景模型一直是计算机图形学中的一个难点.该文给出了一种从真实世界的照片中重建三维场景模型的算法.算法根据在空间稀疏分布的不同视点处的真实场景照片中颜色纹理的一致性来建立达到照片级真实程度的三维场景模型,可用于真实世界复杂形体真实感三维模型的建立.     

A study of 3D Network-on-Chip design for data parallel H.264 coding

In this paper, we implement, analyze and compare different Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures aiming at higher efficiencies for MPEG-4/H.264 coding. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) NoCs based on Non-Uniform Cache Access (NUCA) are analyzed. We present results using a full system simulator with realistic workloads. Experiments show the average network latencies in two 3D NoCs are reduced by 28% and 34% respectively, comparing with 2D design. It is also shown that heat dissipation is a trade-off in improving performance of 3D chips. Our analysis and experiment results provide a guideline to design efficient 3D NoCs for data parallel H.264 coding applications.     

The effect of pose variability and repeated reliability of segmental centres of mass acquisition when using 3D photonic scanning

Three-dimensional (3D) photonic scanning is an emerging technique to acquire accurate body segment parameter data. This study established the repeated reliability of segmental centres of mass when using 3D photonic scanning (3DPS). Seventeen male participants were scanned twice by a 3D whole-body laser scanner. The same operators conducted the reconstruction and segmentation processes to obtain segmental meshes for calculating the segmental centres of mass. The segmental centres of mass obtained from repeated 3DPS were compared by relative technical error of measurement (TEM). Hypothesis tests were conducted to determine the size of change required for each segment to be determined a true variation. The relative TEMs for all segments were less than 5%. The relative changes in centres of mass at ±1.5% for most segments can be detected (p < 0.05). The arm segments which are difficult to keep in the same scanning pose generated more error than other segments.

Practitioner Summary: Three-dimensional photonic scanning is an emerging technique to acquire body segment parameter data. This study established the repeated reliability of segmental centres of mass when using 3D photonic scanning and emphasised that the error for arm segments need to be considered while using this technique to acquire centres of mass.     

基于手绘轮廓的3维服饰模型生成

为了满足虚拟角色交互式服饰设计的需要,提出了一种基于手绘轮廓的3维服饰模型生成方法,该方法的主要特点在于以下3个方面：一是通过限定距离场的方向(仅考虑z轴方向)来建立3维人体模型的参考模型,从而简化了距离场计算;二是利用手绘服饰轮廓与人体投影轮廓间的相对位置关系来生成服饰网格,以实现2维草图向3维服饰的有效映射;三是根据服饰网格点与人体模型上网格点间的对应关系来生成3维服饰模型,确保了服饰宽松部分的有效生成。实验结果表明,该方法能够从2维服饰轮廓实时生成符合人体表面形状的3维服饰模型。     

隐式曲面在三维植物建模中的应用研究综述

分别从BlobTree结构、融合、精确接触造型、具有多项式密度分布的直线骨架卷积曲面和植物表面纹理等方面,介绍并分析了隐式曲面在三维植物建模中的基本思想和关键技术,并对应用隐式曲面得到三维模型的可视化方法进行了总结。最后对这一研究课题进一步的发展趋势进行了讨论。     

飞行仿真中真实感三维云的快速绘制方法

近年来提出的云的真实感绘制算法大多采用纹理操作进行绘制,绘制算法复杂,渲染过程较长,对计算机硬件的要求高,不能完全满足飞行仿真的实时性要求。为解决上述问题,从光的单一散射出发,考虑云和大气粒子引起的光衰减率,采用阴影切片的方法分割体数据,在太阳照射方向上和视点观察方向上对切片数据进行分析,从而快速绘制出真实感三维云。仿真结果表示,生成的三维云效果真实,具有良好的实时性,能够满足飞行仿真及其他领域的要求。     

基于周期性晶格的3D打印模型轻量化方法

为了获得3D打印模型节材效果和优化的物理力学性能,从晶格的形状多变性出发,提出了一种基于晶格的3D打印轻量化结构生成方法,由此产生的轻量化结构用来替代给定模型的实体空间.首先,提出了一种通用的晶格描述方法,进而对晶格的几何和拓扑特征进行个性化设计.其次,通过在模型包围盒内周期性排列晶格单元,构造出了实体建模所依附的拓扑...     

A study of a soft computing based method for 3D scenario reconstruction

Several recent works deal with 3D data in mobile robotic problems, e.g., mapping. Data comes from any kind of sensor (time of flight, Kinect or 3D lasers) that provide a huge amount of unorganized 3D data. In this paper we detail an efficient approach to build complete 3D models using a soft computing method, the Growing Neural Gas (GNG). As neural models deal easily with noise, imprecision, uncertainty or partial data, GNG provides better results than other approaches. The GNG obtained is then applied to a sequence. We present a comprehensive study on GNG parameters to ensure the best result at the lowest time cost. From this GNG structure, we propose to calculate planar patches and thus obtaining a fast method to compute the movement performed by a mobile robot by means of a 3D models registration algorithm. Final results of 3D mapping are also shown.     

3D as-is building energy modeling and diagnostics: A review of the state-of-the-art

To achieve ambitious cuts in energy consumptions of the building sector, recent efforts have focused on devising methods that can provide accurate representation of the as-is conditions for existing buildings and in turn increase the quality and effectiveness of building retrofits. Today, 3D geometrical models produced by computer vision and laser scanning methods can be used as the basis of energy modeling purposes. Several methods are also introduced to facilitate the diagnostics and measurement of the thermal and other environmental conditions. To this end, this paper extensively reviews the state-of-the-art techniques that can semi-automatically or automatically create as-is geometrical and thermal models for building energy modeling and retrofit assessment purposes. It also provides an overview on the main algorithms used by these methods for representing spatio-thermal point clouds, automatically converting these point clouds into semantic Building Information Models (BIM) in gbXML format for as-is energy modeling purposes, and also contrasting them with expected energy performance models. The underlying formulations and methods for measuring actual thermal resistance of the building assemblies and mapping them into gbXML-based representations are also presented. The most recent works in the IT-driven building automation system (BAS) for energy conservation purposes are also reviewed. Finally, the technology gaps that need to be addressed in future research are identified and discussed.     

A Theory of Refractive and Specular 3D Shape by Light-Path Triangulation

We investigate the feasibility of reconstructing an arbitrarily-shaped specular scene (refractive or mirror-like) from one or more viewpoints. By reducing shape recovery to the problem of reconstructing individual 3D light paths that cross the image plane, we obtain three key results. First, we show how to compute the depth map of a specular scene from a single viewpoint, when the scene redirects incoming light just once. Second, for scenes where incoming light undergoes two refractions or reflections, we show that three viewpoints are sufficient to enable reconstruction in the general case. Third, we show that it is impossible to reconstruct individual light paths when light is redirected more than twice. Our analysis assumes that, for every point on the image plane, we know at least one 3D point on its light path. This leads to reconstruction algorithms that rely on an “environment matting” procedure to establish pixel-to-point correspondences along a light path. Preliminary results for a variety of scenes (mirror, glass, etc.) are also presented. Part of this research was conducted while K. Kutulakos was serving as a Visiting Scholar at Microsoft Research Asia.     

A novel design of high performance multilayered cylindrical dielectric lens antenna using 3D printing technology

In this work, design and realization of high performance, low‐cost X‐band multilayered cylindrical dielectric lens antenna (MLCDLA) is presented using 3D printing technology. Firstly, MLCDLA is designed and simulated in the complete 3D CST microwave studio (MWS) within the X‐ band as consisting of six layers and being fed through a conventional rectangular waveguide (WR90). These layers are in the form of cylindrical discs having different radii, thicknesses and made of a cheap polylactic acid material. These layers have also varying dielectric constant from 1.2 to 2.7 that are compatible for fused deposition modeling (FDM) based 3D‐printing process. Secondly, a prototype of MLCDLA is produced by using a FDM based 3D‐printer. 3D printed dielectric lens antenna is measured and a good return loss of almost more than 10 dB within the X‐band with a high gain of 16‐18 dBi are achieved as compared with the counterpart alternative designs. Thus, it can be concluded that the proposed novel design and prototyping method not only achieves the high radiation performance characteristics along X‐band but also is a fast, low‐cost, and effective method for prototyping dielectric lens structures for the microwave applications.     

A study on the 3D position estimation of ventricular borders extracted from 2D echocardiography data

We study on the reconstruction of 3D left ventricle(LV) using only 2D echocardiography data and information on apical long-axis views. Especially, this paper focuses on determining the 3D position of LV contours extracted from 2D echocardiography images. First we mathematically model the relationship between LV contours on the apical views and their corresponding 3D positions. The relationship is expressed as a linear equation in which the right-hand side is the measured data consisting of all the LV contour points on each view and the coefficient matrix is an unknown matrix that transforms the unknown 3D positions into contour points on their related apical view, with distance and orthogonality conditions on the coefficient matrix and the 3D positions. Next we consider a non-convex constrained minimization problem to determine the coefficient matrix and the 3D positions. To solve this minimization problem, we adopt two block coordinate descent method with a solver in OPTI for quadratically constrained quadratic program. For validating the proposed method, some numerical experiments are performed with synthetic data. The experimental results show that the proposed model is promising and available for real echocardiographydata.