沥青路面典型病害及治理对策研究

为了延长沥青路面使用寿命,保证沥青路面使用性能及行车安全性,本文全面分析现有沥青路面中最为典型的道路病害的类型及其自身特征,深入分析了现有沥青路面典型病害的成因及其对路面使用寿命、路用性能、行车安全性的不良影响,在此基础上,针对不同类型沥青路面典型病害的特点提出了相应的应对策略,为缓解我国沥青路面病害的产生提供了相关依据。     

影响沥青路面质量的原因及预防措施

根据工程实践，分析了引起沥青路面质量隐患及早期破损的原因，提出了沥青路面病害的预防措施，以保证沥青路面的工程质量，提高行车的舒适性和安全性。     

高速公路沥青路面病害处理设计方法的研究

沥青路面各种病害的成因比较复杂，由于环境、地点、气候条件、行车条件等的不同，病害的情况不一，同一种病害在不同的地方，出现的原因也可能不一样。必须对原路面的病害准确调查和分类，找出病害成因，对沥青路面病害进行分类分级处理设计。提出了路面各种病害相应的处理设计方法。     

高速公路沥青混凝土路面的常见病害及其防治

由于沥青材质本身的差异,以及受设计和施工水平的影响,沥青路面常常出现开裂、泛油、松散、坑槽等常见病害,这些病害的出现严重影响了行车速度、行车安全。文章针对高速公路沥青路面的常见病害,结合施工管理中的实践经验提出一些防治方法。     

浅谈沥青路面病害与施工工艺的关联

讨论了当前沥青路面施工工艺存在的系统性技术缺陷，以及由此导致沥青路面产生的病害和成因，提出了改进工艺的措施与控制技术，以保证沥青路面的质量，从而保证行车的正常顺利进行。     

沥青混凝土路面常见病害的防治

沥青作为路用结合料，在世界各国得到了广泛的应用，成为公路建设长久使用不衰的一种材料。但由于沥青材质本身的差异，以及受设计和施工水平的影响，沥青路面常常出现开裂、泛油、松散、拥包、推移、坑槽等常见病害，这些病害的出现严重影响了行车速度、行车安全，缩短了沥青路面使用寿命，增加了道路的维修成本，降低了道路投资效益。本文就公路上常见的沥青路面质量问题并结合施工管理经验略作探讨。     

试论农村公路沥青路面破坏及养护对策

我国农村的道路建设在改革开放以来得到了长足的发展，尤其是沥青路面在农村尤为常见、近年来随着行车流量的不断增加以及行车超载行驶越来越多，农村公路在投入使用不久就出现松散、坑陷甚至变形等病害。本文依据对陕西省陇县农村公路的沥青路面病害的调研工作，总结分析了该县农村公路沥青路面的破坏类型及产生原因，并提出了对部分路面损坏进行维护的措施建议。     

高速公路路面病害调查及补强措施探讨

为确保高速公路行车安全，制定合理的维修、养护对策，通过对沥青路面面层、基层、底基层、路基、病害和路面结构承载力进行的调查，分析了病害成因，并提出根治病害的技术措施。     

沥青路面病害的原因分析与处理

沥青路面在公路建设中得到了广泛的应用,从乡村道路到城市道路,从三级路到高速公路,均普遍采用。但由于沥青材质本身的差异,以及受设计和施工水平的影响,沥青路面常常山现开裂、泛油、松散、坑槽等常见病害,这些病害的出现严重影响了行车速度、行车安全,加大了汽下磨损,缩短了沥青路面使用寿命,影响了首路投资效益。本文分析了沥青路面出现病害的原因,并提出了防治措施。     

高等级沥青路面早期病害的形成和处置

介绍了沥青混凝土路面的优点,基于高等级沥青路面早期病害的主要表现形式,探讨了车辙、面层松散、裂缝等病害的产生原因和处理方法,从而确保沥青路面的行车安全性。     

黔西北猪拱塘矿区北西向断裂构造演化与控矿

猪拱塘矿床位于黔西北铅锌矿集区内,累计查明铅锌金属资源量327万t,是贵州省近年来发现的首个超大型铅锌矿床。区内铅锌矿体受北西向断裂构造控制,F1、F2以及隐伏F20、F30断层为主要控矿断层。本文对矿区北西向断裂构造的演化过程分析表明,该组断裂不仅是含矿热液的运移通道,也是含矿热液交代、沉淀的场所。北西向断裂、北西向次级断裂及层间断裂是区内有利的成矿构造系统。基于上述认识,本文认为北西向断裂走向及倾向延伸区域,是区内寻找铅、锌、银等多金属矿的有利靶区。     

河南小南沟金矿断裂分析与成矿预测

通过系统的研究，结合长期探矿中的新发现，总结出南北向断裂中走向北东向断裂部分有利成矿，提出金矿成矿具有等距性，多组断裂构造交汇部位有利成矿，指出九杖沟、土地怀以及白鹿沟、大东沟等地都具有较好的探矿前景。小南沟主矿体向北侧伏，侧伏的原因是多组断裂在０线附近交汇形成一个向北倾的构造薄弱带。上述总结的这些规律已成功应用于矿山探矿中，取得良好的找矿成效。     

缓倾角断裂隔震效应的机理及定量研究

在对断裂分带研究的基础上,尝试对倾角小于４５°的缓倾角断裂建立起等效简化地质模型,针对各带的不同衰减机理,分别采用不同的力学模型和数值计算方法,分析了应力波通过断裂构造的动力响应,通过系统地定量研究,指出除断层带自身材料力学性质（如波阻抗等）外,断层的倾角、各带的厚度、断层泥带的存在及构造透镜体带颗粒大小、拓扑结构等是影响应力波传播的重要因素。     

Detection and diagnosis for multiple faults in VAV systems

Detection and diagnosis of multiple faults in variable air volume (VAV) systems using principal component analysis (PCA) and joint angle analysis (JAA) are presented. Multi-level principal component analysis models including system- and local-level are built to detect the multiple faults occurred in VAV systems simultaneously. As the initial detection, system-level principal component analysis model is used to discover the abnormities in view of the whole systems. And two local-level principal component analysis models are used to further confirm the occurrence of the faults. With the multiple faults separated into different locations, joint angle analysis is used to isolate the faults one by one according to corresponding local models.     

螺杆式冷水机组的故障模拟及诊断软件的研究

中央空调系统故障排除通常中凭经验判断,这会造成一定的滞后甚至差错。洁净空调类的中央空调系统发生故障时,往往会带来更大的经济损失。因此,HVAC设备与系统故障诊断技术的研究和应用,对控制修复、故障排除和故障预防都有十分重要的意义。本文针对制冷机的工作特性和螺杆冷水机组故障进行了理论分析,得出了螺杆式冷水机组常见故障的表现特征,并在自行设计的实验系统上模拟了8个螺杆式冷水机组的常见故障。通过对实验数据的分析,筛选了5个制冷机运行参数作为故障判断的特征参数,通过分析研究这几个参数的变化规律总结出故障判断准则,在此基础上,编写了一套故障诊断软件,并在该实验系统上进行了 验证,结果表明该故障诊断软件运行可靠、诊断故障准确。     

深圳市活断层探测与地震危险性评价

在前人的研究成果基础上,通过对深圳市目标断层地表出露段开展野外地震地质调查,对隐伏段进行浅层地震反射探测、跨断层钻孔探测、槽探、电磁波CT探测,查明了目标断层的空间位置,确定了其第四纪活动性,作出了目标区主要断层分布图。此外,通过区域构造背景分析确定了目标断层地震强度的总体水平,给出最大震级上限,运用入倉—三宅经验关系...     

Heating system performance estimation using optimization tool and BEMS data

Causes and effects of a few real faults in a hydronic heating system are explained in this paper. Since building energy management system (BEMS) has to be utilized in fault detection and diagnosis (FDD), practical explanations of faults and their related effects are important to building caretakers. A simple heat balance model is used in this study. The model is calibrated using the optimization tool. Site data from the BEMS of a real building are calibrated against the model. Desired and real data are compared, so that the effects of the following faults are analyzed: faults in an outdoor air temperature sensor, fault in the time schedule, and a water flow imbalance problem. This paper presents an overview of the real causes of the faults and their effects both on the energy consumption and on the indoor air temperature. In addition, simple instructions for the building caretakers for fault detection in the hydronic heating systems are given.     

小秦岭西段驾鹿金矿田成矿条件及找矿前景浅析

驾鹿矿田既有葫芦沟蚀变岩型金矿,亦有石英脉型金矿。太华群地层、断裂构造以及岩浆活动是矿田金矿形成的主要地质条件。太华群秦仓沟组原岩为中基性火山岩,含丰富的成矿元素,是金矿的初始矿源层。矿田内呈东西向的朱家沟断裂为区域性深大断裂,是成矿的导矿构造;北东向构造最发育,不同级次北东向断裂是金矿的导矿、配矿和容矿构造;南北向断裂是东西、北东向大断裂派生的次级容矿断裂,亦是石英脉型金矿的赋存场所。燕山期岩浆活动对成矿起了积极有益的作用。东西向朱家沟断裂与北东向主干断裂交汇的三角地带是找矿的有利靶区。     

A study on the energy penalty of various air-side system faults in buildings

Automatic fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) can help enhance building energy efficiency by facilitating early detection of occurrence of system faults, especially those of air-conditioning systems, thus enabling rectification of the faults before much energy is wasted due to such faults. However, building owners may not invest in FDD unless they are convinced of the energy cost savings that can be achieved. This paper presents the results of a study on the energy cost impacts of a range of common system faults in variable air volume (VAV) air-conditioning systems, which are widely adopted for their good part-load energy efficiency. The faults studied include room air temperature sensor offset, stuck VAV box damper, supply air temperature sensor offset, stuck outdoor air damper and stuck/leaking cooling coil valve. The simulation results indicate that some faults may significantly increase energy use in buildings, for example, negative room air temperature sensor offset, stuck open VAV box damper, negative supply air temperature sensor offset, stuck open outdoor air damper and stuck open and leaking cooling coil valve. Since building occupants may adapt to the symptoms of these faults, such as reduced room air temperature, and thus may not complain about them, the occurrence of such faults are not immediately apparent unless a FDD system is available. Some other faults, e.g. positive supply air temperature sensor offset, positive room air temperature sensor offset, stuck closed cooling coil valve and stuck closed VAV box damper, may allow less energy to be used but will lead to unbearable indoor environmental conditions, such as high indoor temperature. Such faults, therefore, can easily be detected even without a FDD system, as there will be feedback from the building occupants.     

Bayesian network based FDD strategy for variable air volume terminals

This paper presents a diagnostic Bayesian network (DBN) for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of variable air volume (VAV) terminals. The structure of the DBN illustrates qualitatively the casual relationships between faults and symptoms. The parameters of the DBN describe quantitatively the probabilistic dependences between faults and evidence. The inputs of the DBN are the evidences which can be obtained from measurements in building management systems (BMSs) and manual tests. The outputs are the probabilities of faults concerned. Two rules are adopted to isolate the fault on the basis of the fault probabilities to improve the robustness of the method. Compared with conventional rule-based FDD methods, the proposed method can work well with uncertain and incomplete information, because the faults are reported with probabilities rather than in the Boolean format. Evaluations are made on a dynamic simulator of a VAV air-conditioning system serving an office space using TRNSYS. The results show that it can correctly diagnose ten typical VAV terminal faults.