色基比对降温涂料功能型性能的影响

要配制深色降温涂料,颜料必不可少,而颜料的良好分散是生产性能优异的乳胶漆的首要问题.利用最小粘度法制备了分散性好的铁红色浆、铁黄色浆和铁黑色浆.然后用自制的色浆配制了不同色基比(P/B)的深色涂料,通过涂料的降温性能测试和光谱性能测试研究了色浆含量与降温效果之间的关系,并得出结论如下:P/B越小,平均升温速率越小,反射降温效果越好;P/B越大,平均降温速率越大,发射降温效果越好.     

降温涂料在红外隐身中的应用

本文介绍了降温涂料的作用原理,并对大型军事目标的红外伪装方法作了阐述。结合降温涂料在红外伪装中的应用研究,从理论上提出了降温涂料的改进方法。     

红外降温涂料用特种颜填料性能研究

从不同途径探讨了红外降温涂料的原理,研究了常温远红外陶瓷粉、微胶囊化石蜡、中空微珠、铝粉这四种颜填料在红外降温涂料中的使用。     

红外伪装降温涂料原理研究

就红外伪装涂料和降温涂料的设计原理进行了讨论，并结合地面大型军事目标对现有的红外伪装涂料伪装效果进行了研究，从理论上提出了新的红外伪装降温涂料的设计原理。     

新型热红外复合隐身涂层的研究

本文介绍了红外隐身技术实现的基本原理,探讨了新型热红外复合隐身涂层的制备工艺和初步性能测试,即发射率、降温性能、隔热性能的测试.作为降温材料,相变微胶囊的大规模制备,使得新型热红外隐身涂层的实现有了可能.实验结果为红外复合隐身涂料的实用化研究提供了重要参考.     

新型热红外伪装涂料用填料中空微珠性能研究

分析了温度对涂层发射率的影响，并据此重点研究了一种新型热红外伪装涂料用填料——中空微珠——的常规使用性能、降温效果以及对涂层发射率的影响。研究认为，中空微殊用量小于20％、粒径为200目左右时常规使用性能最好。60目的中空微殊降温效果最好，而且当其用量小于20％时，中空微珠对涂层的发射率基本没有影响。     

新型廉价CO2激光热处理涂料的研究

报道了一种新型廉价CO2激光热处理涂料,通过对涂料的红外吸收谱、粘合剂种类对涂料红外吸收谱的影响及激光热处理区在处理前后化学成分变化的实验研究,得到了一些有用的结论,经过实际的激光热处理加工应用,证明这种涂料具有吸收率高、价格低廉、无毒、无害、无污染、易清除等优点,完全可以满足激光热处理加工的需要.     

灰色热反射涂料的降温极限及展望

提出了理想灰色热反射涂料的光谱图，并进行了传热分析，得出其最大降温效果不超过２３℃的结论，指出了灰色热反射涂料的研究方向和途径。     

红外检测在分析一维非稳态温度场中的应用

在消除金属设备补焊残余应力的整体热处理过程中,降温速度需要控制在30～50℃/h,对一维平板状金属设备,影响降温速度的因素是外界环境温度以及与环境的对流换热系数.由红外测温技术获得的设备外表面温度及平板外流体的温度可计算出降温速度与平掠平板的流体速度成正比,从理论上找到一种容易实现的控制降温速度的方法.     

红外探测器降温时间的影响因素分析

为了提高武器系统的战术指标,需要实现红外探测器的快速降温。通过分析探测器结构列出了影响探测器降温时间的相关因素。然后分别进行了降低杜瓦冷台热容、降低热耗、提升冷台部分粘接剂的导热系数以及调整制冷器喷液口到杜瓦冷台距离等方面的降温时间对比试验。通过分析试验结果得出以下结论:对于锥形金属杜瓦来说,影响最大的因素是冷台部分的热容,降温时间缩短与热容降低的比例接近;其次是制冷器与杜瓦之间的热交换效率;改善其它因素也能缩短探测器的降温时间,但效果不明显。该结论为红外探测器降温时间研究的改进方向提供了更为直观的参考。     

迷彩涂层1064 nm激光散射特性测量及建模

迷彩涂层1064 nm激光散射特性对激光探测装备的极限作用距离和军事装备激光隐身性能有显著影响,而目前对涂层材料的激光散射特性的研究大都是针对单一种类涂层。本文根据不同类型迷彩涂层由不同颜色组成的特点,通过分别测量不同颜色迷彩涂层的双向反射分布函数(BRDF),再根据国军标中不同迷彩涂层颜色的面积比例规定进行加权计算,得到不同种类迷彩涂层的BRDF。以草原夏季型迷彩涂层为例,利用上述方法对其BRDF进行测量和计算,并利用五参数经验模型进行参数建模,得到草原夏季型迷彩涂层的参数模型。通过拼接实验,验证了计算方法的正确性。对于进一步研究军事装备的涂层材料激光散射特性提供数据依据,为研究类似情况下多种材料复合涂层的激光散射特性研究提供了借鉴思路。     

Colored solar cells with minimal current mismatch

After introducing the numerical relationship between color and current of a solar cell, it is shown that by using thicker antireflecting coatings, it is possible to fabricate different color silicon solar cells with very similar current, only slightly below the one of the best coating. Representative cases of surface structure, cell quality, and materials for the antireflecting layer are considered to explore the generality of the results for both encapsulated and nonencapsulated solar cells. Experimental support to the conclusion is also presented     

Effect of an Si3N4/PSG/SiO2 multilayer dielectric coating on the spectral sensitivity of elements in CMOS area imagers

Spectral dependences of the transmittance of the IC-protecting multilayer dielectric coating are theoretically and experimentally studied to facilitate the development and design of CMOS color area imagers. The results obtained demonstrate the modulation of the spectral sensitivity of photodiodes with conventional multilayer dielectric coatings, a characteristic that substantially impedes color separation of a photosignal. Numerical simulation of the spectral transparency of the conventional dielectric coating employed indicates that interference in the upper dielectric layer whose refractive index appears significantly higher than the tabulated value plays the main role. A brief review of the methods for correction of the undesirable features of the spectral transparency that are caused by the maximum possible refractive index of an Si₃N₄ protective coating are reviewed.     

Influence of color coatings on aircraft surface ice detection based on multi-wavelength imaging

In this paper, a simple aircraft surface ice detection system is proposed based on multi-wavelength imaging. Its feasibility is proved by the experimental results. The influence of color coatings of aircraft surface is investigated. The results show that the ice area can be clearly distinguished from the red, white, gray and blue coatings painted aluminum plates. Due to the strong absorption, not enough signals can be detected for the black coatings. Thus, a deep research is needed. Even though, the results of this paper are helpful to the development of aircraft surface ice detection.     

Tunable Photonic Materials via Monitoring Step‐Growth Polymerization Kinetics by Structural Colors

The functional and responsive properties of elastomeric materials highly depend on crosslink density and molecular weight between crosslinks. However, tedious analytical steps are needed to obtain polymer network structure–property relationships. In this article, an in situ structure–property characterization method is reported by monitoring the structural color change in a photonic elastomeric material. The photonic materials are prepared in a two‐step polymerization process. First, linear chain extension occurs via Michael addition. Second, photopolymerization ensures crosslinking, resulting in the formation of an elastomeric photonic network. During the first step, the step‐growth polymer process can be monitored by following the photonic reflection band redshift, allowing to program the molecular weight between the crosslinks. During network formation, the crosslink density, chain length between crosslinks, and the colors are “frozen in.” These processes can be locally controlled creating both single‐layered multicolor patterned and broadband reflective coatings at room temperature. The scalability of the coating process is further demonstrated by using a gravure printing technique. Additionally, the final coatings are made responsive toward specific solvents and temperature. Here the modulus, response, and color of the coating are controlled by tuning the crosslink density and molecular weight between crosslinks of the elastomeric material.     

涂层材料的偏振光谱反射特性分析

绿色涂层是重要的军事伪装材料。本文基于偏振探测理论,通过高光谱反射偏振实验测量,对比分析了深绿与中绿两种涂层材料的反射与偏振特性,得到了它们的二向反射函数、线偏振度随波长的变化规律,以及二向反射函数BRF与线偏振度DOLP之间的相互关系。结果表明:(1)相比近红外波段,两种涂层在可见光波段的BRF差异较明显,镜面反射的探测角较容易区分两种涂层;(2)当入射角不变时,涂层线偏振度随着探测角增大而增大;随着入射角的减少(或镜面反射的探测角减小),深绿与中绿涂层的DOLP差异增大;(3)涂层的BRF与DOLP的变化在400~1000 nm波段具有负相关性。     

Micropatterned Down‐Converting Coating for White Bio‐Hybrid Light‐Emitting Diodes

White hybrid light‐emitting diodes (WHLEDs) are considered as a solid approach toward environmentally sustainable lighting sources that meet the “Green Photonics” requirements. Here, WHLEDs with protein‐based down‐converting coatings, i.e., Bio‐WHLEDs, are demonstrated and exhibit worthy white color quality, luminous efficiency, and stability values. The coatings feature a multilayered cascade‐like architecture with thicknesses of 1–3 mm. This limits the efficiency due to the low optical transmittance. Thus, submillimeter coatings, where the location of the proteins is well‐defined, are highly desired. It is in this context where the thrust of this work sets in. Here, a straightforward way to design microstructured single‐layer coatings, in which the proteins are placed at our command by using 3D printing, is presented. Based on comprehensive spectroscopic and rheological investigations, the optimization of the matrix and the plotting to prepare different micropatterns, i.e., lines, open‐grids, and closed‐grids, is rationalized. The latter are applied to prepare Bio‐WHLEDs with ≈5‐fold enhancement of the luminous efficiency compared to the reference devices with a cascade‐like coating, without losing stability and color quality. As such, this work shows a new route to exploit proteins for optoelectronics, setting a new avenue of research into the emerging field of Bio‐WHLEDs.     

Optical Properties of Window Coatings

Window coating used for the building in recent years is described.Important design principles, practical coating materials, and attainable optical properties for research-type coatings are introduced.Discussion is carried out on the spectrally selective coatings, the electrochromic coatings, and the thermochromic coatings.     

Antiradar protection of nonplanar surfaces

A coating making a plane surface invisible for radar does not protect a nonplanar surface if its radius of curvature is not sufficiently large as compared to the wavelength. Parameters of the coating protecting a nonplanar surface depend on frequency and the shape of the surface. Two types of coatings are considered: the generally accepted impedance coatings and coatings formed by a dielectric layer (film). Physical processes occurring in such coatings and providing antiradar protection are described. The parameters of the coating for a cylinder and a sphere are found from transcendental equations and, for an arbitrary body, from a system of integral equations.