非制冷红外焦平面非均匀性测试技术研究

非制冷焦平面的非均匀性和噪声是限制非制冷红外热成像系统性能的主要因素.研制了非制冷红外焦平面的非均匀性测试系统,系统由黑体、红外光学系统、焦平面驱动电路、热电温控电路、信号处理系统、计算机和测试软件等构成,利用该系统可以将微测辐射热计非制冷红外焦平面各像元的输出信号数字化后传输给计算机,实现对焦平面的非均匀性测试和盲元统计,并给出了实验结果.     

焦平面制冷红外热像仪信号处理系统设计

随着焦平面制冷阵列(IRFPA)红外探测器制造工艺的日益成熟,制冷热像仪以其成像质量好,分辨率高等特点在军事、公安、监控等领域有着广泛的应用前景。采用法国SOFRADIR320×256焦平面制冷中波红外探测器,与FPGA、高速DSP和现代图像处理技术相结合构成实时红外成像及处理系统。分析了与红外热像仪成像质量密切相关的红外信号处理系统关键技术和实现方法,详细描述了实时非均匀性校正、图像采集、直方图均衡等算法以及在系统设计中应注意的问题。     

非制冷红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性校正及其实现

针对基于氧化钒(VOx)的非制冷红外焦平面阵列,介绍了非制冷红外成像系统的构成及其原理,并根据焦平面阵列及其读出电路的特点,给出了相应的非均匀性校正及其FPGA设计的实现。     

红外焦平面阵列成像动态仿真系统

红外热像仪的研制离不开各种图像处理算法的设计、仿真和优化;结合虚拟仪器技术和可编程多模式驱动技术,开发了红外焦平面阵列成像动态仿真系统软硬件平台;利用这一平台,通过图形化软件编程, 可进行多模式红外焦平面阵列的各种图像处理算法的动态仿真,实时验证其成像效果,及时进行修改和优化。工程应用实践表明：系统对盲元检测与补偿、非均匀性校正和直方图修正等算法的验证与优化取得了满意的效果;该系统为红外热像仪设计仿真、算法的适用性和实时性验证以及算法的优化提供了灵活实用的工具。     

基于智能型红外焦平面电路液氮成像系统的研究与算法实现北大核心CSCD

提出了一种智能型红外焦平面电路液氮成像系统,系统采用UART转SPI数据传输,上位机VB软件开发SPI配置界面,可提高SPI寄存器批量配置效率和准确率,减少外界干扰产生误码和乱码情况,并结合FPGA、自研的IRCamExpert-CETC图像处理软件和图像采集卡搭建软硬件成像系统,本系统具有红外视频图像在线监测和多芯测试能力。本文进一步提出了基于单片像元级ADC的背景减除、盲元补偿、非均匀性校正、开窗、像素合并、空间滤波、图像均衡变换、时间延迟积分多种图像算法和总体算法结构,并通过对一款640×512阵列的智能型红外焦平面电路进行测试,验证了单片红外焦平面多功能图像算法,并实现了系统对智能型红外焦平面全参数的性能评估。采用像元级进行图像处理的方式,降低了采用算法级进行后续图像处理的难度,减少了图像处理算法消耗的资源。多功能图像算法为智能型红外焦平面的工程化应用提供了新技术途径。     

车载红外热成像图像处理系统的构建

为解决车载红外热成像存在噪声含量大、清晰度低等问题,从硬件和软件两个方面出发,构建车载红外热成像图像的处理系统。系统硬件部分在存储器的基础上,内嵌存储器扩大系统存储量。安装PCB元件并从电源管理电路、驱动电路及模数转换电路等多个方面实现电路的具体设计。在硬件系统搭建完成基础上,构建系统的软件功能,车载红外热成像为软件功能提供初始图像信息,分别设计了图像滤波处理、红外图像增强、非均匀性校正、盲元补偿处理和伪彩色压缩编码模块等,实现图像处理功能。为验证车载红外热成像图像处理系统可行性,进行了系统测试,结果表明:与传统图像处理系统相比,车载红外热成像图像处理系统功能提升了0.78%,且在复杂环境下稳定性能更高。     

低噪声非制冷红外焦平面阵列驱动电路的设计

针对非制冷红外焦平面驱动电路在噪声和可靠性方面的高要求,分析了降低直流偏置电压噪声以降低红外焦平面阵列噪声的可行性,提出了一种新型低噪声的非制冷红外焦平面驱动电路.该驱动电路采用ADI公司的AD8606系列高精度低噪声运算放大器构成一个直流缓冲器,其具有强大的直流驱动能力和低噪声性能,实现了直流偏置电路.采用Altera公司的Cyclone Ⅱ系列可编程逻辑器件,设计红外焦平面的时序驱动电路.测试结果表明:焦平面探测器均方根噪声降低至397.83μV,为后续非制冷红外热像仪的研制奠定了基础.     

低功耗非制冷红外图像处理专用SoC芯片

非制冷红外成像技术具有非常广泛的应用前景。但是,目前非制冷红外成像芯片存在非均匀校正、图像细节增强和条纹噪声等亟待解决的问题。论文提出并设计一种面向非制冷红外成像的图像处理专用SoC芯片,芯片集成了一个CPU、两个DSP处理器和一个红外图像处理专用加速器,单芯片可实现非制冷低功耗红外图像的非均匀校正、图像滤波、直方图均衡、数字图像细节增强、条纹消除和目标检测跟踪等实时图像处理。同时,研究开发了面向芯片应用的非制冷低功耗红外图像处理算法。采用65-nm CMOS工艺实现了非制冷红外图像专用处理SoC芯片,实现了基于非制冷红外成像芯片和图像处理SoC芯片的小型低功耗非制冷红外成像系统。测试结果表明成像系统可以实现清晰的非制冷红外成像、目标检测及目标跟踪等功能,系统功耗小于2 W,体积相比传统的系统减小了50%,满足对体积、功耗、性能要求比较高的系统的应用需求,具有较高的工程应用价值和前景。     

用于红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正的辐射参考源

概述了4种红外焦平面阵列非均匀性过程中使用到的参考源。成为产品前,通常使用面源黑体作为参考源对红外焦平面阵列进行非均匀性校正;在热成像系统应用中动态非均匀性校正中,普遍使用的辐射挡板由于没有连有控温装置,只能进行一点校正,在场景温度偏离校正温度时,校正效果会受到影响;美国第三代前视红外成像系统中使用连有热电制冷器的热电参考源,利用热电制冷器对发射表面进行控温,可实现两点校正算法;为基于边框的SBNUC校正算法设计的U型边框黑体光阑,对视场中心没有遮挡,利用半导体制冷器对U型边框黑体光阑的进行控温,能根据场景信息自适应地实现的两点校正。     

非致冷红外焦平面读出电路的研究

非致冷红外焦平面阵列是非致冷红外热成像系统的关键部件，读出电路的性能对热图象的质量有很大影响。本文介绍了一种结构紧凑、低功耗的非致冷红外焦平面读出电路；讨论了改进性能的电路设计方案；提出了今后的发展方向。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.