无人机在运动舰船上着舰视觉导引技术研究

为实现舰载无人机在做六自由度运动的航母上全天候着舰,提出了舰船运动模型下基于红外合作目标的无人机着舰视觉引导方法。首先设计了一种新型的合作目标;采用形态学算法提取合作目标,根据其位置特点进行物像点匹配,并采用N点算法求解机舰相对位姿;分析了舰船运动简化模型,并基于此模型提出了一种利用卡尔曼滤波提高导航精度的新方法,最后在VegaPrime中对该导航方法进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明,该方法能够满足无人机着舰要求。     

基于辐射通量表观对比度光谱的红外预警卫星探测波段选择方法

选择合理的探测波段是设计红外预警卫星需要解决的重要问题.提出了一种基于点目标辐射通量表观对比度光谱确定红外预警卫星探测波段的方法.论文首先建立了较完善的火箭尾焰表观对比度光谱计算模型,进一步建模计算了典型液体和固体火箭尾焰在不同高度的红外辐射特性,使用通用大气辐射传输(CART)软件计算了典型大气条件下的地球/大气背景辐射以及不同高度处大气的透过率和路径辐射,在此基础上以典型液体和固体火箭为例,计算了尾焰在不同高度处的辐射通量表观对比度光谱.结果表明:不论液体还是固体火箭,在2.55~2.85μm和4.19~4.48μm波段的辐射通量表观对比度都比较大,红外预警卫星工作波段可以选为上述波段.     

红外预警卫星最佳探测波段分析

为解决红外预警卫星在近中红外的最佳探测波段问题,采用建模仿真的方法获得了2～5μm波段范围内不同高度条件下火箭尾焰目标的红外辐射光谱特性,利用MODTRAN软件包计算了典型大气条件下同样波段范围内不同高度处的大气透过率和地球/大气背景红外辐射光谱特性,在此基础上计算了目标背景之间的对比度.通过分析目标背景对比度的变化规律可知:随着飞行高度的增加,目标背景对比度会先增大后减小,但无论在什么飞行高度,2.63～2.83μm和4.18～4.50μm波段的目标背景对比度都较大,比较适合目标探测,并且这两波段还具有更加精细的波段结构,实际应用中可根据探测需求选择更小的波段范围并确定相应的中心波长.     

地基红外系统探测空间目标红外星等的分析

地基红外系统探测空间目标的能力与目标辐射特性、背景辐射特性、大气条件、红外光学系统性能、探测器特性等因素密切相关。分析了空间目标在外太空背景下的红外辐射特性,基于满足红外焦平面探测器的最低可探测信噪比,综合考虑空间点目标成像的弥散斑、背景辐射和大气衰减的影响,推导了地基红外探测系统对空间点目标的作用距离估算方程。红外星等用来计算星体在红外波段的亮度,讨论了用红外星等划分空间目标的方法和原理。根据中波和长波计算红外星等的公式,给出了不同温度的空间目标与对应的红外星等的关系。为地基红外探测系统的设计和应用以及探测不同红外星等空间目标的综合性能评价提供了理论依据。     

中长波红外辐射模拟的等效性研究与应用

红外波段成像探测是武器装备的重要应用波段,红外辐射模拟已经成为重要研究课题之一.以中长波红外波段告警和跟踪探测等红外传感设备的功能检测和试验为背景,探讨了红外辐射目标模拟的等效性问题.根据中长波红外波段告警、跟踪设备的使用要求,对目标红外辐射的近距离等效性进行了分析和计算.对红外辐射体的特殊设计与研制进行了探讨,提出红外辐射体应满足高温度、大红外辐射口径、高红外发射率、高温度控制精度等方面的要求.介绍了辐射窗口几何尺寸可变设计,通过更换插片式光阑限定辐射窗口几何尺寸的设计思想.从而实现了中长波红外辐射目标模拟,满足中长波红外波段告警和跟踪探测设备的性能检测和试验等工程应用的需要.     

高层大气环境对长波红外背景辐射特性的影响分析

高层大气长波红外背景辐射特性是目标识别和红外辐射特性测量的重要研究课题.根据NRLMSIS-00大气经验模型,分析了高层大气温度和气体浓度对红外辐射的影响.利用高层大气辐射传输模式SHARC,在6～15 μm波段对不同观测位置和大气模式条件下的高层大气背景辐射进行了数值计算和理论分析.结果表明,高层大气长波红外辐射会随临边切线高度的增加而减弱,随倾斜观测天顶角的增加而增强,随太阳天顶角的增加而减弱.曙暮光和极光对高层大气长波红外辐射具有重要的增强作用,而且高层大气长波红外辐射存在纬度和季节变化特性.高层大气环境对长波红外背景辐射的影响分析结果可供空间目标探测和卫星红外遥感等工程参考.     

三波段大气传输红外偏振特性对比分析

偏振成像系统利用目标和背景偏振度上的差异,有效地提高了人造或伪装目标的探测识别效率。但红外目标的偏振传输是一个复杂的过程,受大气的影响较大,因此,有必要对不同目标的偏振特性和其影响因素以及大气作用的影响（包括大气吸收、辐射及悬浮粒子散射等）进行研究。进一步推导了红外偏振辐射控制方程;基于对目标和背景偏振特性的先验知识,利用大气传输计算软件MODTRAN对3个典型红外波段的大气吸收及程辐射进行计算;并对大气传输后的目标辐射偏振度对比度和强度对比度进行仿真。结果表明:在短波红外波段,目标的反射成分占主导地位;在中波红外波段,目标的自发辐射和反射均不可忽略;在长波红外波段,目标的辐射占主导地位,利用偏振成像效果优于强度成像。结果与理论分析基本一致。研究内容为红外波段目标的探测方式选择提供了参考依据。     

目标红外辐射双色比值的大气传输研究

空中目标的红外辐射在大气中传输时 ,大气以及大气中的气溶胶会对红外辐射产生吸收和散射 ,从而造成红外辐射的衰减。大气对红外辐射的衰减程度可以用消光系数来描述 ,波长不同 ,消光系数也不同。红外系统测量到的目标红外辐射的双色比值也会随目标距离变化而变化。由测量到的目标在两个波段的红外辐射 ,通过一定的信号处理手段 ,可得出目标的距离、双波段红外辐射能量、红外双色比值等信息 ,以此对空中目标的识别和定位。推导了利用大气消光系数获取空中目标距离信息和红外辐射信息的公式 ,画出了典型空中目标双色比值的大气传输图。     

中波红外和长波红外探测系统性能的比较与选择

针对常用的各种中波和长波红外探测系统,从探测器特性、目标辐射特性、背景辐射特性、大气传输特性和红外系统设计等方面,分析、计算和比较了中波红外和长波红外探测系统的有关性能,提供了有实用价值的数据。根据不同的探测目标和使用环境,为红外探测系统的设计提出了波段选择的建议。     

双波段红外设备同目标测试方法研究

针对双波段红外探测设备在不同波段的探测要求,利用曳光管的双波段辐射特性,选择无人机加载曳光管作为低空移动光电靶,使同一目标满足了双波段红外设备的双波段测试要求.通过对无人机的航路距离和航向进行统筹设计,使同一个飞行航次满足了作用距离和目标数据精度等多个测试项目的需要.然后对目标航迹的真值精度进行了深入分析,并总结了不同条件下航路、航向以及布站等相关参数的关联和设置方法,为该测试项目的组织与实施提供了充分的技术准备和选择空间.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks