MBE生长的GaAs1—xSbx／GaAs系中缺陷的研究

GaAs_(1-x)Sb_x作为有前途的长波长光电材料已受到了广泛的重视。但是由于GaAs_(1-x)Sb_x在GaAs衬底上进行外延生长时存在过大的晶格失配度(约7.5％)而遇到了较大的困难。为了提高材料的质量,对于GaAs_(1-x)Sb_x/GaAs体系异质结界面失配位错的分析已成为了有兴趣的研究课题。本文对用分子束外延(MBE)生长的GaAs_(1-x)Sb_x/GaAs系材料的界面缺陷进行了横断面透射电子显微镜和高分辩电子显微镜的研究,目的在于了解界面的缺陷行为并探讨改进材料质量的途径。     

MBE生长中波HgCdTe薄膜材料温度控制

报道在品格失配GaAs衬底上分子束外延CdTe缓冲层和中波HgCdTe薄膜的温度控制过程.通过红外测温仪监测样品表面温度,来改变加热功率,从而把温度控制在需要的生长温度范围.通过此方法,可以把CdTe生长时样品的表面温度控制在±5℃,MCT生长时可以达到±1℃.生长得到的样品,表面光亮,组分、厚度均匀性好,X射线双晶回摆曲线半峰宽为72 arcsec.     

MBE GaAs/Si材料应力性质的研究

用光致发光谱及高分辨率的X射线双晶衍射对 MBE GaAs/Si异质结材料进行研究,发现GaAs外延层和Si衬底存在一定的晶向偏离,整个GaAs外延层呈现双轴张应力,这是GaAs和Si的晶格失配导致的双轴压应力和热膨胀系数失配导致的双轴张应力的总结果.本文根据一定的物理假设,推导出GaAs外延层中的平均应力,表明应力与材料所处的温度相关.据此,本文进一步用光致发光谱测量了25K至 260K温度范围内的应力,发现应力随温度的增大而下降,与理论公式反映的规律吻合.     

基于MBE替代硅衬底的材料综述

主要介绍了几种用MBE技术生长HgCdTe/CdTe的Si衬底的替代性衬底材料的基本参数,以及不同材料的最新生长过程及结果,和对它们的生长结果的比较分析,以此来选择较为适合替代Si衬底来生长HgCdTe/CdTe的衬底。本文通过一系列的对比,得出目前最有发展前景的替代衬底是GaSb衬底,是未来发展的方向。     

MBE外延InSb基CdTe工艺研究

成功制备了CdTe/InSb复合衬底,为长波HgCdTe外延提供了可能。通过工艺研究解决了InSb氧化层去除及In元素扩散控制两个难点问题,使用As钝化法可以解决双腔衬底转移的问题,在常用的退火工艺下,通过厚度的调整可以阻挡In元素的扩散。     

MOCVD法生长HgCdTe／CdTe／GaAs多层异质材料的特性研究

本文用多种方法分析MOCVD外延片的表面形貌、结晶性、界面和缺陷、组分和其均匀性,电、光性能。在15×15mm~2面积上,HgCdTe外延层表面形貌较好,为单晶。CdTe和HgCdTe外延层的半宽度为450弧度秒。界面平坦、清晰过渡层约0.12μm,几乎没有发现Ga、As的扩散,但局部有微观缺陷。X值可生长出0.1～0.8,均匀性△X=0.008,典型样品,77K下,电子浓废为1.4×10~(16)cm~(-3),迁移率为7.4×10~4cm~2/V·S,透过率约42％。     

MBE CdTe／GaAs光致发光研究

在１０Ｋ低温下对分子束外延（ＭＢＥ）生长的ＣｄＴｅ（１１１）Ｂ／ＧａＡｓ（１００）／ＣｄＴｅ（２１１）Ｂ／ＧａＡｓ（２１１）Ｂ外延膜进行了光致发光（ＰＬ）测量，得到了ＰＬ谱和带边激子辐射的精细结构．计算得到束缚激子的半峰宽（ＦＷＨＭ）分别为０．２～０．ｓｍｅＶ和１～２ｍｅＶ．实验结果表明外廷膜的质量和生长工艺均良好．     

Structure of CdTe(111)B grown by MBE on misoriented Si(001)

Single domain CdTe(111)B has been grown on Si(001) substrates tilted 1^o 2^o, and 4^o toward [110]. All the layers started with a double-domain structure, then a transition from a double- to a single-domain was observed by reflection high energy electron diffraction. A microscopic picture of this transition is presented. We also measured the tilt between CdTe(111)B and Si(001). The result does not follow the tilt predicted by the currently existing model. A new model of the microscopic mechanism of CdTe(111)B growth is presented. New evidence indicates that optimizing the tilt of the substrate surface is very crucial in improving the CdTe(111)B crystal quality.     

分子束外延CdTe（211）B／GaAs（211）B的特性研究

ＣｄＴｅ／ＧａＡｓ是ＨｇＣｄＴｅ分子束外延的重要替代衬底材料。用Ｘ双晶衍射和光致发光测试研究了分子束外延生长的ＣｄＴｅ（２１１）Ｂ／ＧａＡｓ（２１１）Ｂ的晶体结构质量，表明外延膜晶体结构完整，具有很高的质量。用高分辨率的透射电镜研究其界面特性，观察到ＣｄＴｅ（２１１）Ｂ相对于ＧａＡｓ（２１１）Ｂ向着［１１１］方向倾斜一个小角度（约３°），界面的四面体键网发生扭曲，由于晶格失配，在界面存在很高的失配位错密度。用二次离子质谱分析仪分析了ＧａＡｓ衬底中的Ｇａ和Ａｓ向ＣｄＴｅ外扩散的情况。结果表明：如果要在ＧａＡｓ衬底上生长ＨｇＣｄＴｅ外延膜，必须先生长一层具有一定厚度的ＣｄＴｅ来阻止Ｇａ和Ａｓ向ＨｇＣｄＴｅ的外扩散和失配位错的延伸。     

分子束外延HgCdTe／GaAs的生长和光伏探测器的研制

文中报导了用分子束外廷工艺在ＧａＡｓ（２１１）Ｂ衬底上生长了较高质量的中、长波ＨｇＣｄＴｅ薄膜材料。生长后的材料通过退火进行转型和调节电性参数。选择的组分分别为ｘ＝０．３３０和０．２２６的两种材料，７７Ｋ时载流子浓度和迁移率分别为ｐ＝６．７×１０１５ｃｍ－３、ｕｐ＝２６０ｃｍ２Ｖ－１ｓ－１和４．４５×１０１５ｃｍ－３、４１０ｃｍ２Ｖ－１ｓ－１。研制了平面型中、长波线列光伏探测器，其典型的探测器Ｄ分别为５．０×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２Ｗ－１和２．６８×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２Ｗ－１（１８０°视场下），其中６４元线列中波探测器与ＣＭＯＳ电路芯片在杜瓦瓶中耦含后读出并实现了红外成像演示。     

3英寸CdTe/Si复合衬底外延技术研究

报道了采用分子束外延法,在3 in硅衬底上通过As钝化、ZnTe缓冲层生长、CdTe生长、周期性退火等工艺进行CdTe/Si复合衬底制备技术研究情况,采用光学显微镜、X射线高分辨衍射仪、原子力显微镜、红外傅里叶光谱仪和湿化学腐蚀等手段对碲化镉薄膜进行了表征,测试分析结果表明碲化镉薄膜的晶向得到了较好的控制,孪晶得到了抑...     

Synchrotron white beam x-ray topography analysis of MBE grown CdTe/CdTe (111)B

The structural quality of CdTe(111)B substrates and MBE grown CdTe epilayers is examined with synchrotron white beam x-ray topography (SWBXT). Reflection SWBXT indicates that CdTe substrates with comparable x-ray double crystal rocking curve full width at half maximum values can have radically different defect microstructures, i.e. dislocation densities and the presence of inclusions. Dislocation mosaic structures delineated by SWBXT are consistent with the distribution of etch pits revealed by destructive chemical etch pit analysis. Direct one-to-one correspondence between distinct features of the topographic image and individual etch pits is demonstrated. Clearly resolved images of individual dislocations are obtained by carrying out transmission SWBXT. Our investigation demonstrates how, the extent of twinning in a CdTe epilayer is strongly influenced by the quality of the defect microstructure, and how dislocations propagate from an inclusion.     

MBE生长InGaAs／GaAs应变层单量子阱激光器结构材料的研究

采用ＶａｒｉａｎＧｅｎⅡＭＢＥ生长系统研究了ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ应变层单量子阶（ＳＳＱＷ）激光器结构材料。通过ＭＢＥ生长实验，探索了Ｉｎ＿ｘＧａ＿（１－ｘ）ｔＡｓ／ＧａＡｓＳＳＱＷ激光器发射波长（λ）与Ｉｎ组分（ｘ）和阱宽（Ｌ＿ｚ）的关系，并与理论计算作了比较，两者符合得很好。还研究了材料生长参数对器件性能的影响，主要包括：Ⅴ／Ⅲ束流比，量子阱结构的生长温度Ｔ＿ｇ（ＱＷ），生长速率和掺杂浓度对激光器波长、阈值电流密度、微分量子效率和器件串联电阻的影响。以此为基础，通过优化器件结构和ＭＢＥ生长条件，获得了性能优异的Ｉｎ＿（０．２）Ｇａ＿（０．８）Ａｓ／ＧａＡｓ应变层单量子阱激光器：其次长为９６３ｎｍ，阈值电流密度为１３５Ａ／ｃｍ￣２，微分量子效率为３５．１％。     

HgCdTe/CdTe/Si infrared photodetectors grown by MBE for near-room temperature operation

Conventional HgCdTe infrared detectors need significant cooling in order to reduce noise and leakage currents resulting from thermal generation and recombination processes. Although the need for cooling has long been thought to be fundamental and inevitable, it has been recently suggested that Auger recombination and generation rates can be reduced by using the phenomena of exclusion and extraction to produce nonequilibrium carrier distributions. The devices with Auger suppressed operation requires precise control over the composition, and donor and acceptor doping. The successful development of the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth technique for multi-layer HgCdTe makes it possible to grow these device structures. Theoretical calculations suggest that the p n+ layer sequence is preferable for near-room temperature operation due to longer minority carrier lifetime in lightly doped p-HgCdTe absorber layers. However, because the low doping required for absorption and nonequilibrium operation is easier to achieve in n-type materials, and because Shockley-Read centers should be minimized in order to obtain the benefits of Auger suppression, we have focused on p⁺ n structures. Planar photodiodes were formed on CdTe/Si (211) composite substrates by As implantation followed by a three step annealing sequence. Three inch diameter Si substrates were employed since they are of high quality, low cost, and available in large areas. Due to this development, large area focal plane arrays (FPAs) operated at room temperature are possible in the near future. The structures were characterized by FTIR, x-ray diffraction, temperature dependent Hall measurements, minority carrier lifetimes by photoconductive decay, and in-situ ellipsometry. To study the relative influence of bulk and surface effects, devices with active areas from 1.6 10⁻⁵ cm² to 10⁻³ cm² were fabricated. The smaller area devices show better performance in terms of reverse bias characteristics indicating that the bulk quality could be further improved. At 80 K, the zero bias leakage current for a 40 m 40 m diode with 3.2 m cutoff wavelength is 1 pA, the R₀A product is 1.1 10⁴-cm² and the breakdown voltage is in excess of 500 mV. The device shows a responsivity of 1.3 10⁷ V/W and a 80 K detectivity of 1.9 10¹¹ cm-Hz^1/2/W. At 200 K, the zero bias leakage current is 5 nA and the R₀A product 2.03-cm², while the breakdown voltage decreases to 40 mV.     

Si基CdTe复合衬底分子束外延研究

文章引入晶格过渡的Si/ZnTe /CdTe作为复合外延基底材料,以阻挡Si/HgCdTe之间大晶格失配产生的高密度位错。通过对低温表面清洁化、面极性控制和孪晶抑制等的研究,解决了Si基CdTe分子束外延生长中诸多的技术难题。在国内首次采用分子束外延(MBE)的方法获得了大面积的Si基CdTe复合衬底材料,对应厚度为4～4. 4μm Si/CdTe (211)样品双晶半峰宽的统计平均结果为83弧秒,与相同厚度的GaAs/CdTe (211)双晶平均水平相当。     

Strain effects in CdTe (111) epitaxial layers grown on GaAs (100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy

Spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoreflectance measurements on CdTe/GaAs strained heterostructures grown by moleculclr beam epitaxy were carried out to investigate the effect of the strain and the dependence of the lattice parameter on the CdTe epitaxial layer thicknesses. Compressive strains exist in CdTe layers thinner than 2 μm. As the strain increases, the value of the critical-point energy shift increases linearly. These results indicate that the strains in the CdTe layers grown on GaAs substrates are strongly dependent on the CdTe layer thickness. Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.