药物缓释材料聚磷酸酯-聚乳酸的直接熔融聚合法合成工艺研究

以外消旋乳酸(D,L-LA)、乙二醇和二氯磷酸苯酯为原料,通过熔融聚合法直接合成生物降解材料聚磷酸酯-聚乳酸,用凝胶渗透色谱测定产物的相对分子质量,探讨了预聚方式、催化剂种类和用量,以及熔融聚合反应时间、反应温度对共聚物相对分子质量的影响.在160℃、70Pa、催化剂ZnO的用量0.5%的条件下熔融聚合8h,共聚物的重均分子量可达9200,可以用于药物缓释微球.新合成方法有利于降低聚磷酸酯-聚乳酸作为药物缓释载体材料的合成成本.     

溶液缩聚法直接合成聚乳酸的研究

本研究采用溶液缩聚法直接合成聚乳酸,探索了催化剂用量、单体浓度、反应温度及反应时间对聚乳酸分子量的影响.结果表明:选用辛酸亚锡作为催化剂,用量为0.8%;甲苯作为溶剂,甲苯与乳酸单体的比例为2:1,聚合温度控制在170℃,反应24h,可得到粘均分子量为12320的聚乳酸.     

熔融缩聚法直接合成聚乳酸的研究

采用熔融缩聚法直接合成聚乳酸,探索了催化剂用量、单体浓度、反应温度及反应时间对聚乳酸分子量的影响.结果表明:选用质量分数为1.0%的辛酸亚锡作为催化剂,聚合温度控制在160℃,0.09MPa反应10h,可得到粘均分子量为9.68×103的聚乳酸.     

逐步减压缩聚法制备高分子量聚乳酸的研究

以L-乳酸单体为原料,用逐步减压缩聚法合成了相对高分子量的聚乳酸.探讨了反应条件如:温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酯化时间、逐步减压时间等对聚乳酸分子量的影响,并采用FTIR、1H NMR测试手段对聚合物进行了结构表征.结果表明,催化剂用量为0.5wt%,反应温度180℃,先酯化7小时,再逐步减压7小时,然后在高真空度70Pa下反应45小时,可得到重均分子量约为12万的聚乳酸.     

熔融缩聚合成聚L-乳酸的研究

以L-乳酸为原料,通过熔融缩聚法合成了聚乳酸(PLLA).考察了预聚条件、催化剂种类和用量、催化剂溶解程度、聚合温度及时间对聚乳酸分子量的影响.采用FTIR和1H-NMR分析聚合物结构,GPC测定分子量分布.研究表明,等摩尔量的氯化亚锡(SnCl2)和对甲苯磺酸(TSA)组成的复合催化剂效果最好,SnCl2的用量为预聚物(OLLA)的0.4%为宜;预聚过程和催化剂在OLLA中的充分溶解对提高聚合物分子量具有重要意义;合适的聚合温度约为165 ℃;在发生爬杆现象前,随反应时间的增加,聚乳酸分子量增加.在优化的工艺条件下,可以在较短时间(8 h)内获得分子量为65000左右的聚乳酸.     

微波辐射D,L-丙交酯开环聚合制备聚乳酸

为得到聚乳酸的最佳制备工艺,利用微波辐射技术实现D,L-丙交酯开环聚合制备聚乳酸,实验考查了催化剂种类和用量,微波辐照功率和时间等工艺参数对产物分子量的影响,以及反应过程中体系温度的变化.研究表明,以连续微波炉作为反应器,催化剂Sn(Oct)2用量为丙交酯单体用量的0.56%(质量分数),在功率为90 W的连续微波辐射下反应10 m in,可获得粘均分子量(Mη)为15.92×104的聚乳酸(PDLLA).与家用微波炉相比,采用连续微波炉反应器,可在较短的反应时间内获得较高产率的聚乳酸产物.     

羟脯氨酸共聚改性聚乳酸的研究及其性能测试

以丙交酯、羟脯氨酸为原料,通过溶液-熔融聚合法合成聚乳酸-羟脯氨酸[P(LA-co-HPr)]共聚物。探究了反应压强、催化剂用量以及投料物质的量比对共聚反应的影响。确定了最佳反应条件:压强为70Pa,催化剂用量为3%,投料物质的量比为90∶10。利用红外光谱(IR)、热失重(TG)等手段对产物进行表征,证明共聚物成功合成。对产物的亲水性及降解性能进行测试结果表明,改性后聚乳酸的接触角降至32°,在8w内失重率达10%,亲水性及降解性均得到改善。     

聚乳酸接枝淀粉的原位溶液合成及表征

以L-乳酸为接枝单体,辛酸亚锡为催化剂,采用原位溶液接枝工艺,在同一个反应体系中逐次完成淀粉糊化、丙交酯的生成及淀粉的聚乳酸接枝反应,制备了聚乳酸接枝淀粉,工艺简单、易于控制。研究了反应温度、L-乳酸与玉米淀粉质量比、反应时间和催化剂用量等对产物接枝率的影响,采用FTIR,1H-NMR和SEM对接枝产物进行了表征。结果表明:原位溶液合成产物为聚乳酸接枝淀粉;其最佳工艺条件的反应温度为95℃,L-乳酸与玉米淀粉质量比为3∶1,催化剂为乳酸用量的1%(质量分数),反应时间11 h,聚乳酸接枝率可达到14.81%,淀粉颗粒表面聚乳酸包覆均匀。     

熔融阶梯缩聚法合成聚乳酸

采用熔融缩聚法合成聚乳酸,探讨了催化剂、反应温度、阶梯控温对聚乳酸的影响,结果表明,阶梯控温的方法可以极大提高聚乳酸的产率和分子量,最佳反应条件为:以0.3%(质量分数)的对甲苯磺酸和0.4%(质量分数)的氯化亚锡为催化剂,先在160℃反应9 h,再于180℃反应12 h。     

聚乳酸／纳米二氧化硅复合材料分子量的影响因素

以丙交酯和改性后的纳米二氧化硅为原料,在催化剂作用下,用原位聚合法制备了聚乳酸纳米二氧化硅复合材料。讨论了催化剂的种类和用量、反应时间、反应温度、纳米二氧化硅的用量等因素对复合材料分子量的影响。结果表明,最优的反应条件为:采用辛酸亚锡为催化剂,催化剂用量和二氧化硅用量分别为丙交酯用量的0.25%(质量分数,下同)和5%,在140℃油浴中,氮气保护下反应72 h,可得到重均分子量为1.5091×105的聚乳酸纳米二氧化硅复合材料。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,"the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understanding"after a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Systematic Approach for Emerging Industry

正A national directory of standards complexes for strategic emerging sectors was recently developed and released jointly by 12governmental departments,namely,SAC,NDRC,MOST,MIIT,MEP,MOA,AQSIQ,State Forest Administration,State Administration of Science and Technology for National Defense,State Oceanic Administration and National Railway Administration.     

Strictest Pollutants Emission Standards

正Four new national standards on air pollutant emission control offi cially issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection(MEP)together with AQSIQ and SAC has been brought into force from July 1,2014.The Emission standard for air pollutants of coal-burning,oil-burning and gasfi red boilers,which is the strictest emission standard historically,will tackle the stubborn pollution problem of boilers and waste incineration in most of China’s regions.     

Instructions to Authors

New Carbon Materials is a bimonthly journal published with the permission of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of the State News and Publication Agency.The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Science Press.Aims and Scope     

Progress on Standards Copyright Protection

正Recently,National Copyright Administration of China(NCAC)has rewarded 215 organizations and 179 individuals for their outstanding efforts on investigating standards copyright infringement and piracy in 2013.Hua Jianhua,the Deputy-Director of National Standards Copyright Protection Workgroup Office won a third prize of the national individual award.In 2012,SAC set up the national standards copyright protection working group,and developed policies to crack down standards infringement and piracy behaviors and to strengthen standards copyright protection.