Broadband circularly-polarised microstrip antenna with switchable polarisation sense

A circularly-polarised microstrip antenna capable of switching polarisation sense is presented. The proposed microstrip antenna has a circular radiating patch and is excited by an open-loop microstrip line through the coupling of a ring slot in the ground plane. Two ends of the open-loop microstrip line can be taken for the input ports to excite right-hand and left-hand circular polarisations, respectively. A prototype using PIN diodes to electrically switch the input ports is implemented, and the measured results show the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of more than 10% can be obtained at the two polarisation senses     

具有谐波抑制功能的多极化微带天线阵设计

本文提出了一种基于切换馈电网络的极化可重构微带天线阵。阵列单元采用正方形辐射贴片,利用微带线缝隙耦合进行馈电,通过在馈电结构中心加载短路柱,可获得宽带性能的同时,有效抑制偶次谐波。综合采用串联组阵和并联组阵技术,优化设计了一款2×2的天线阵列,将阵列端口分别与微带分支线耦合器及微带混合环相连,最终实现了水平和垂直线极化,左旋和右旋圆极化四种模式的切换。实验结果表明,所提出的天线在ISM频段2.4~2.5 GHz频率范围内获得了良好的匹配和多极化特性。该天线阵设计简单、易于操作,可潜在应用于无线通信系统中天线极化分集的场合。     

Radial cavity-fed spatial power combiner with retrodirective array behavior

This paper discusses the design and operational properties of a circular array of slot coupled active GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) rectangular microstrip patch antennas arranged for quasioptical power combining at X band. The active antenna radiating elements are injection locked by slot coupling to a radial cavity waveguide. Spatial power combining efficiency of 75% and dc to radio frequency (RF) conversion efficiency of 10% at 28 dBm EIRP was achieved at 10.38 GHz. Retrodirective action was also demonstrated by using the active elements as self-oscillating mixers pumped at 20.76 GHz.     

A quad-polarization and frequency reconfigurable square ring slot loaded microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications

In this paper, a novel polarization and frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna which can switch between vertical and horizontal linear polarizations, left hand and right hand circular polarizations at two WLAN frequencies is presented. The orthogonal linear polarizations are achieved by a square microstrip patch antenna fed by two ports on adjacent sides. By introducing corner truncated perturbation on opposite corners of right diagonal of a square patch, orthogonal circular polarizations are achieved. By controlling the bias voltage of two PIN diodes loaded at perturbed corners, a single structure can achieve quad polarization states. Furthermore, by superimposing a square ring slot into the corner truncated square patch and incorporating four PIN diodes into the square ring slot, quad polarization are achieved at dual frequencies. Simulated and measured results indicate that the antenna can achieve quad polarization at two WLAN bands (5.15–5.35 GHz) and (5.75–5.85 GHz). The proposed antenna is simple, has low profile and can be scaled easily for other frequencies.     

一种新型宽带双极化微带贴片天线的设计

摘要：运用口径耦合理论、腔模理论、反相馈电技术和多层贴片结构设计出一种新型的P波段（中心频率为0．75GHz）宽带双极化微带贴片天线。天线的两个极化端口采用共面馈电;馈电网络设计中采用短路耦合线实现反相馈电。仿真结果表明该天线两个极化端口实际增益均达到8．5dB,水平极化端口在0．64-0．85GHz频率范围内驻波比小于2,相对带宽为28％;垂直极化端口在0．68-0．85GHz频率范围内驻波比小于2,相对带宽为22．6％,两端口隔离度高于53dB。     

基于传输线模分析法的2G Hz矩形微带天线设计

在现代通信系统中,微带天线以其体积小、便于实现线极化或圆极化,并能很好的适用于双频工作的优点,被广泛的应用在2G移动通信通信系统中。本文采用传输线模分析法设计了一种适用于3G移动通信系统的2GHz矩形微带天线,并通过仿真及优化,改进了天线的增益和效率。     

Design and fabrication of compact 2 × 2 dual linear polarized wideband and high gain array for Ku-band satellite communication application

In this paper, the design of a planar array antenna for two-way satellite communication is presented. The antenna unit consists of four elements and two waveguide feeding networks used to connect the elements. The radiating elements are small horn apertures. Each element of the array includes two separate ports to radiate vertical and horizontal polarization, respectively. The feeding networks consist of power dividers and bends to connect the vertical and horizontal polarization ports of horns, separately. Radiating elements and feeding networks are designed to cover receive band (10.5–12.75 GHz) and transmit band (13.75–14.5 GHz) within Ku-band. The maximum gain for this type of antenna is 21 dBi.     

A Dual-Linearly-Polarized MEMS-Reconfigurable Antenna for Narrowband MIMO Communication Systems

The design and characterization is described of a compact dual-linearly-polarized reconfigurable 2-port antenna. The antenna can operate in two different selectable linear polarization bases, thus being capable of reconfiguring/rotating its polarization base from vertical/horizontal $(0^{circ}/90^{circ})$, to slant $pm 45^{circ}$. The antenna has been implemented on a Quartz substrate, and uses monolithically integrated micro-electromechanical (MEM) switches to select between the two aforementioned polarization bases. The antenna operates at 3.8 GHz and presents a fractional bandwidth of 1.7%. The interest of the proposed antenna is two-fold. First, in LOS scenarios, the antenna enables polarization tracking in polarization-sensitive communication schemes. Second, there are the gains of using it in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system employing orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) to improve the diversity order/gain of the system in NLOS conditions. These benefits were verified through channel measurements conducted in LOS and NLOS propagation scenarios. Despite the simplicity of the antenna, the achievable polarization matching gains (in LOS scenarios) and diversity gains (in NLOS scenarios) are remarkable. These gains come at no expenses of introducing additional receive ports to the system (increasing the number of Radio-Frequency (RF) transceivers), rather as a result of the reconfigurable capabilities of the proposed antenna.      

一种新型极化可重构微带天线

利用互补开口谐振环(CSRR)结构提出了一种新型极化可重构微带天线。将CSRR 和一个PIN 二极管开关加载在天线的地板上,通过控制二极管开关的状态,可以实现左旋圆极化和线极化之间的切换,无需额外的偏置电路。利用仿真软件分析了CSRR 的尺寸和位置对天线圆极化特性的影响。所设计的天线工作在5. 8GHz 频段范围,测试结果与仿真结果吻合较好。实验结果表明,在圆极化状态下,中心频率5. 77GHz,-10dB 阻抗带宽约360MHz,最小轴比为1. 5dB,3dB 轴比带宽为80MHz;线极化状态下,中心频率5. 72GHz,-10dB 阻抗带宽约200MHz。天线增益均为6dB 左右,具有良好的方向性,可用于现代无线通信系统中。     

A reconfigurable microstrip antenna for switchable polarization

A novel reconfigurable microstrip antenna with switchable polarization sense is proposed. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, consisting of a corner-truncated square radiating patch, four small triangular conductors, and a microstrip line feed. Using independently biased PIN diodes on the patch, it can produce linear polarization, or left- or right-hand circular polarization according to bias voltages. From the measured results, low cross-polarization levels when operated in the linear state and good axial ratios in the circular state are observed.     

Printed ring slot antenna for circular polarization

A new design of a microstrip-line-fed circularly polarized printed ring slot antenna is proposed. Circular polarization (CP) radiation of the proposed design is achieved by introducing proper asymmetry in the ring slot structure and feeding the ring slot using a microstrip line at 45° from the introduced asymmetry. The asymmetry introduced in the proposed design is a meandered-slot section and the proposed CP design can be applied to printed square and annular ring slot antennas. Prototypes of the proposed design have been implemented. Experimental results show that good CP radiation performances are obtained and the 3 dB axial-ratio CP bandwidths obtained for the square and annular ring slot antennas are about 4.3% and 3.5%, respectively     

一种P波段宽带双极化微带天线阵列

介绍了一种P波段宽带双极化微带天线单元及2元阵列的设计。天线单元设计中采用口径耦合理论和多层贴片结构,增大了天线的带宽,两个极化端口采用共面馈电;馈电网络设计中采用反相馈电技术有效抑制了交叉极化,采用短路耦合线实现反相馈电,降低了对天线带宽的影响。仿真结果表明,该天线阵实际增益达到11.8dB,水平极化端口在0.68～0.86GHz频率范围内驻波比小于2,相对带宽为24%;垂直极化端口在0.63～0.86GHz频率范围内驻波比小于2,相对带宽为30.6%,两端口隔离度高于40dB。     

Reconfigurable dual-band circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications

A new design of reconfigurable single-feed circular patch microstrip antenna for dual-band circular polarization application is proposed. The dual-band functionality is realized through incorporating cross-slots of equal slot length in the circular patch and utilizing two PIN diodes to switch the slots on or off. A pairs of tuning stubs are used to tune the circular polarization performance. The design process is presented and good results were obtained.     

Rectangular microstrip antenna for circular polarization

Richmond's reaction integral equation method is used to design a rectangular microstrip patch to produce a circular polarization. A rectangular patch with the aspect ratioa = W_{x}/W_{y}, in the range 1.015- 1.02 and corner fed by a microstrip line, produces circular polarization. For substrate with thicknessd = 0.16cm,a = 1.017the nearly square patch gives maximum bandwidth.     

Package‐Platformed Linear/Circular Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna Using an Integrated Silicon RF MEMS Switch

This letter presents a K‐band polarization reconfigurable antenna integrated with a silicon radio frequency MEMS switch into the form of a compact package. The proposed antenna can change its state from linear polarization (LP) to circular polarization (CP) by actuating the MEMS switch, which controls the configuration of the coupling ring slot. Low‐loss quartz is used for a radiating patch substrate and at the same time for a packaging lid by stacking it onto the MEMS substrate, which can increase the system integrity. The fabricated antenna shows broadband impedance matching and exhibits high axial ratios better than 15 dB in the LP and small axial ratios in the CP, with a minimum value of 0.002 dB at 20.8 GHz in the K‐band.     

Dual polarised microstrip ring antenna with good isolation

Experimental results are presented on dual linearly polarised aperture-coupled microstrip ring antennas operating at 1.8 GHz. The introduction of multiple feeding points has resulted in the achievement isolation between the two ports of 30 dB with cross-polarisation radiation levels of better than 25 dB at boresight relative to the co-polarisation     

Low-cost monopulse radial line slot antenna

The authors propose the design of one radial line slot antenna with two simultaneous beams, one broadside beam and one conical beam. The antenna is a radial line slot antenna (RLSA), with the slots placed on the upper plate in concentric rings. The radiating element is a slot pair, designed for getting left hand circular polarization. The antenna has been designed to work in the range of 13.4 GHz and 14 GHz. Both beams are obtained independently through very simple excitation circuits, realized with microstrip technology. These feeding networks include a Butler Matrix Network. Comparing both radiation patterns, amplitude and phase, theta and phi angles of arrival direction can be obtained. This monopulse performance can be used to orientate the pencil beam for satellite communication antennas. Measurements for a first prototype are presented to validate the design.     

Q 波段波导环形电桥的设计与实现

本文介绍了一种采用波导来实现的环形电桥的设计与实现方法。它是在基于微带环形电桥的奇偶模分析的基 础上,用矩形波导代替微带线,实现了Q 波段的环形电桥,环路电桥的输入输出端口均为BJ400 波导。其中为了改 善输入端口的反射,在输入端口的不连续性处加入了一个销钉,销钉的尺寸由HFSS 优化仿真确定。实测结果得到, 在43-46GHz 范围内,环形电桥的反射小于-20dB,输出端口的传输系数均大于-3.4dB,隔离度大于20dB。从测量结 果可以看出,与微带线的实现方式相比,波导环形电桥具有更小的传输损耗。     

Active Integrated Antenna Design Using a Contact-Less, Proximity Coupled, Differentially Fed Technique

A novel contact-less, differential feeding technique suitable for integrated active antenna design is demonstrated. This technique utilizes an odd mode signal to generate fringing fields on either side of a microstrip gap under the antenna. This allows electromagnetic energy to be efficiently coupled from the transmission lines to the radiating antenna. In a balanced integrated antenna amplifier configuration, the proposed non-contact feeding method removes the need for any balun or power combining network. Hence in theory, a compact RF front-end design with lower losses can be realized. This feeding method has been successfully applied to the design of simple passive microstrip patch antennas and active integrated antennas (AIA). Simulated and measured results are also included to validate the proposed feeding concept and antenna designs. The performance of the proposed differential feeding technique on a simple microstrip patch antenna has been systematically studied. The study suggests that the proposed proximity method is broadband in nature, allowing antennas operating at different resonant frequencies to be swapped without the need to change the feed dimensions and without degrading the matching performance