Output‐feedback control strategies of lower‐triangular nonlinear nonholonomic systems in any prescribed finite time

In this paper, output‐feedback control strategies are proposed for lower‐triangular nonlinear nonholonomic systems in any prescribed finite time. Specifically, by employing the input‐state–scaling technique, the controlled systems are firstly converted into lower‐triangular nonlinear systems, which makes it possible to study such systems using the high‐gain technique. Then, by introducing a scaling of the state by a function that grows unbounded toward the terminal time and proposing a high‐gain observer–prescribed finite time recovering the system states, the output‐feedback regulation control problem in any prescribed finite time is firstly achieved for nonlinear nonholonomic systems with unknown constant incremental rate. Moreover, by designing another time‐varying high gain, the output‐feedback stabilization control problem in any prescribed finite time is then achieved for nonlinear nonholonomic systems with a time‐varying incremental rate. Finally, a numerical example is introduced to show the effectiveness of proposed control strategies.     

Smooth output feedback stabilization for a class of nonlinear systems with time‐varying powers

This paper investigates the global asymptotic stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems with time‐varying powers. First, adding a power integrator technique is revamped to design a smooth state feedback controller, which is implementable with only upper and lower bounds of the time‐varying powers. When the system state is not fully available and the time‐varying power is exactly known, a smooth output feedback controller constituted by a state feedback and a nonlinear state observer is constructed to globally stabilize the system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Decentralized tube‐based model predictive control of uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems

This paper addresses the problem of decentralized tube‐based nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) for a general class of uncertain nonlinear continuous‐time multiagent systems with additive and bounded disturbance. In particular, the problem of robust navigation of a multiagent system to predefined states of the workspace while using only local information is addressed under certain distance and control input constraints. We propose a decentralized feedback control protocol that consists of two terms: a nominal control input, which is computed online and is the outcome of a decentralized finite horizon optimal control problem that each agent solves at every sampling time, for its nominal system dynamics; and an additive state‐feedback law which is computed offline and guarantees that the real trajectories of each agent will belong to a hypertube centered along the nominal trajectory, for all times. The volume of the hypertube depends on the upper bound of the disturbances as well as the bounds of the derivatives of the dynamics. In addition, by introducing certain distance constraints, the proposed scheme guarantees that the initially connected agents remain connected for all times. Under standard assumptions that arise in nominal NMPC schemes, controllability assumptions, communication capabilities between the agents, it is guaranteed that the multiagent system is input‐to‐state stable with respect to the disturbances, for all initial conditions satisfying the state constraints. Simulation results verify the correctness of the proposed framework.     

Global control of nonlinear systems with uncertain output function using homogeneous domination approach

This paper addresses the problem of using output feedback to globally control a class of nonlinear systems whose output functions are not precisely known. First, for the nominal linear system, we design a homogeneous state compensator without requiring precise information of the output function, and construct a nonlinear stabilizer with adjustable coefficients by using the generalized adding a power integrator technique. Then based on the homogeneous domination approach, a scaling gain is introduced into the proposed output feedback controller, which can be used by tuning the scaling gain to solve: (i) the problem of global output feedback stabilization for a class of upper‐triangular systems; and (ii) the problem of global practical output tracking for a class of lower‐triangular systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Active disturbance rejection control approach to stabilization of lower triangular systems with uncertainty

In this paper, we apply the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) to stabilization for lower triangular nonlinear systems with large uncertainties. We first design an extended state observer (ESO) to estimate the state and the uncertainty, in real time, simultaneously. The constant gain and the time‐varying gain are used in ESO design separately. The uncertainty is then compensated in the feedback loop. The practical stability for the closed‐loop system with constant gain ESO and the asymptotic stability with time‐varying gain ESO are proven. The constant gain ESO can deal with larger class of nonlinear systems but causes the peaking value near the initial stage that can be reduced significantly by time‐varying gain ESO. The nature of estimation/cancelation makes the ADRC very different from high‐gain control where the high gain is used in both observer and feedback. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simultaneous stabilization of a collection of single‐input nonlinear systems based on CLFs

This paper considers the simultaneous stabilization problem of a collection of single‐input nonlinear systems. Based on the technique of control Lyapunov functions (CLFs), a sufficient condition for the existence of a simultaneously stabilizing state feedback controller is proposed. It is shown that a collection of feedback linearizable systems in canonical form can be simultaneously globally asymptotically stabilized by a single state feedback controller. Moveover, for a set of three‐order chaotic dynamical systems, the simultaneous stabilization problem is considered and a similar result is derived. All the proposed simultaneously stabilizing state feedback controllers are explicitly constructed. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

控制方向未知的高次非线性系统的鲁棒自适应控制

研究了一类具有不可控不稳定线性化的非线性系统的自适应控制问题.该类系统的控制方向未知且含有不确定时变非线性参数.应用Nussbaum-type增益技术和adding a power integrator递推设计方法,设计了一种鲁棒自适应状态反馈控制器.所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的所有信号全局一致有界,且系统的状态渐近趋于零.除了假设未知参数及不确定性有界外,所设计的控制策略不需要控制系数的任何先验知识.仿真例子验证了算法的有效性.     

Additive‐state‐decomposition‐based tracking control framework for a class of nonminimum phase systems with measurable nonlinearities and unknown disturbances

This paper aims to propose an additive‐state‐decomposition‐based tracking control framework, based on which the output feedback tracking problem is solved for a class of nonminimum phase systems with measurable nonlinearities and unknown disturbances. This framework is to ‘additively’ decompose the output feedback tracking problem into two more tractable problems, namely an output feedback tracking problem for a linear time invariant system and a state feedback stabilization problem for a nonlinear system. Then, one can design a controller for each problem respectively using existing methods, and these two designed controllers are combined together to achieve the original control goal. The main contribution of the paper lies on the introduction of an additive state decomposition scheme and its implementation to mitigate the design difficulty of the output feedback tracking control problem for nonminimum phase nonlinear systems. To demonstrate the effectiveness, an illustrative example is given. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive output‐feedback tracking for nonlinear systems with rather general control coefficients

This paper studies the problem of global practical tracking by output feedback for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unmeasured state‐dependent growth and unknown time‐varying control coefficients. Compared with the closely related works, the remarkableness of this paper is that the upper and lower bounds of unknown control coefficients are not required to be known a priori. Motivated by our recent works, by combining the methods of universal control and deadzone with the backstepping technique and skillfully constructing a novel Lyapunov function, we propose a new adaptive tracking control scheme with appropriate design parameters. The new scheme guarantees that the state of the resulting closed‐loop system is globally bounded while the tracking error converges to a prescribed arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin after a finite time. Two examples, including a practical example, are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

Partial‐state stabilization and optimal feedback control

In this paper, we develop a unified framework to address the problem of optimal nonlinear analysis and feedback control for partial stability and partial‐state stabilization. Partial asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop nonlinear system is guaranteed by means of a Lyapunov function that is positive definite and decrescent with respect to part of the system state, which can clearly be seen to be the solution to the steady‐state form of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation and hence guaranteeing both partial stability and optimality. The overall framework provides the foundation for extending optimal linear‐quadratic controller synthesis to nonlinear nonquadratic optimal partial‐state stabilization. Connections to optimal linear and nonlinear regulation for linear and nonlinear time‐varying systems with quadratic and nonlinear nonquadratic cost functionals are also provided. Finally, we also develop optimal feedback controllers for affine nonlinear systems using an inverse optimality framework tailored to the partial‐state stabilization problem and use this result to address polynomial and multilinear forms in the performance criterion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ROBUST CONTROL FOR A CLASS OF UNCERTAIN STATE‐DELAYED SINGULARLY PERTURBED SYSTEMS

This paper considers the problem of robust control for a class of uncertain state‐delayed singularly perturbed systems with norm‐bounded nonlinear uncertainties. The system under consideration involves state time‐delay and norm‐bounded nonlinear uncertainties in the slow state variable. It is shown that the state feedback gain matrices can be determined to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system for all ∞ ∞ (0, ∞00) and independently of the time‐delay. Based on this key result and some standard Riccati inequality approaches for robust control of singularly perturbed systems, a constructive design procedure is developed. We present an illustrative example to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed design approach.     

A moving switching sequence approach for nonlinear model predictive control of switched systems with state‐dependent switches and state jumps

In this paper, we propose an approach for real‐time implementation of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) for switched systems with state‐dependent switches called the moving switching sequence approach. In this approach, the switching sequence on the horizon moves to the present time at each time as well as the optimal state trajectory and the optimal control input on the horizon. We assume that the switching sequence is basically invariant until the first predicted switching time reaches the current time or a new switch enters the horizon. This assumption is reasonable in NMPC for systems with state‐dependent switches and reduces computational cost significantly compared with the direct optimization of the switching sequence all over the horizon. We update the switching sequence by checking whether an additional switch occurs or not at the last interval of the present switching sequence and whether the actual switch occurs or not between the current time and the next sampling time. We propose an algorithm consisting of two parts: (1) the local optimization of the control input and switching instants by solving the two‐point boundary‐value problem for the whole horizon under a given switching sequence and (2) the detection of an additional switch and the reconstruction of the solution taking into account the additional switch. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through numerical simulations of a compass‐like biped walking robot, which contains state‐dependent switches and state jumps.     

Output feedback tracking control for lower‐triangular nonlinear time‐delay systems with asymmetric input saturation

In this paper, the problem of output feedback tracking control is investigated for lower‐triangular nonlinear time‐delay systems in the presence of asymmetric input saturation. A novel design program based on a dynamic high gain design approach is proposed to construct an output feedback tracking controller. The innovation here is that the problem of constructing tracking controller can be transformed into the problem of constructing two dynamic equations, with one being utilized to deal with the nonlinear terms and the other one being applied to analyze the influence of asymmetric input saturation. It is proved by an appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional that the proposed tracking controller subject to saturation can ensure that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are globally bounded and the tracking error is prescribed sufficiently small when time is long enough. A practical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

H∞ control for discrete‐time nonlinear switching systems

This paper formulates and solves the robust H^∞ control problem for discrete‐time nonlinear switching systems. The H^∞ control problem is interpreted as the l₂ finite gain control problem and is studied using a dissipative systems theory for switched systems. Both state and measurement feedback control problems are formulated as dynamic games and solved using dynamic programming. The partially observed dynamic game corresponding to the measurement feedback control problem is solved by transforming into a completely observed, full state infinite‐dimensional game problem using information states. Our results are illustrated with an example. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Delay‐dependent Stability and Static Output Feedback Control of 2‐D Discrete Systems with Interval Time‐varying Delays

This paper is concerned with the problems of delay‐dependent stability and static output feedback (SOF) control of two‐dimensional (2‐D) discrete systems with interval time‐varying delays, which are described by the Fornasini‐Marchesini (FM) second model. The upper and lower bounds of delays are considered. Applying a new method of estimating the upper bound on the difference of Lyapunov function that does not ignore any terms, a new delay‐dependent stability criteria based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is derived. Then, given the lower bounds of time‐varying delays, the maximum upper bounds in the above LMIs are obtained through computing a convex optimization problem. Based on the stability criteria, the SOF control problem is formulated in terms of a bilinear matrix inequality (BMI). With the use of the slack variable technique, a sufficient LMI condition is proposed for the BMI. Moreover, the SOF gain can be solved by LMIs. Numerical examples show the effectiveness and advantages of our results.     

Tensor Product‐Based Model Transformation and Optimal Controller Design for High Order Nonlinear Singularly Perturbed Systems

This paper investigates the optimization of a general class of nonlinear singularly perturbed systems. Tensor product‐based modeling, algebraic properties, and singular perturbation theory played a significant role in the formulation of the derived reduced model. The obtained reduced output is a nonlinear state and input dependent vector. In this case, solving the optimal control problem when minimizing a quadratic performance index becomes more difficult because the weighting matrices vary as functions of states. So the reformulation of the initial problem is needed and the resolution is discussed from an analytical point of view. A two‐step controller design procedure is suggested and an algorithm is proposed for the calculus of the gain matrices of the nonlinear control law. The Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach and the power of the implemented algorithm.     

State‐feedback stabilization for a class of stochastic time‐delay nonlinear systems

This paper investigates the problem of state‐feedback stabilization for a class of lower‐triangular stochastic time‐delay nonlinear systems without controllable linearization. By extending the adding‐a‐power‐integrator technique to the stochastic time‐delay systems, a state‐feedback controller is explicitly constructed such that the origin of closed‐loop system is globally asymptotically stable in probability. The main design difficulty is to deal with the uncontrollable linearization and the nonsmooth system perturbation, which, under some appropriate assumptions, can be solved by using the adding‐a‐power‐integrator technique. Two simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the control algorithm proposed in this paper.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Active disturbance rejection control approach to output‐feedback stabilization of lower triangular nonlinear systems with stochastic uncertainty

In this paper, we apply the active disturbance rejection control approach to output‐feedback stabilization for uncertain lower triangular nonlinear systems with stochastic inverse dynamics and stochastic disturbance. We first design an extended state observer (ESO) to estimate both unmeasured states and stochastic total disturbance that includes unknown system dynamics, unknown stochastic inverse dynamics, external stochastic disturbance, and uncertainty caused by the deviation of control parameter from its nominal value. The stochastic total disturbance is then compensated in the feedback loop. The constant gain and the time‐varying gain are used in ESO design separately. The mean square practical stability for the closed‐loop system with constant gain ESO and the mean square asymptotic stability with time‐varying gain ESO are developed, respectively. Some numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed output‐feedback control scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite‐time stabilization for a class of stochastic low‐order nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficients

This paper addresses the problem of finite‐time stabilization for a class of low‐order stochastic upper‐triangular nonlinear systems corrupted by unknown control coefficients. Unlike the relevant schemes, the control strategy draws into a dominate gain to cope with the deteriorative effects of both uncertain nonlinearities and unknown control coefficients without using traditional adaptive compensation method. Then, a state feedback controller is constructed by the adding a power integrator method and modified homogeneous domination approach, to ensure the finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed control strategy has been demonstrated by a simulation example.