Nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials

Research and development in nanostructured materials is one of the most intensely studied areas in science. As a result of concerted R & D efforts, nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials have achieved commercial success. Specific examples of novel industrially important nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials are provided. Advantages of nanocrystalline magnetic materials in the context of both materials and devices are discussed. Several high technology examples of the use of nanostructured magnetic materials are presented. Methods of processing nanostructured materials are described and the examples of sol gel, rapid solidification and powder injection moulding as potential processing methods for making nanostructured materials are outlined. Some opportunities and challenges are discussed.     

石墨烯基材料的生物医用性能及其应用

石墨烯基材料由于具有优异的物理和化学性能,近年来获得了广泛的研究和应用。介绍了石墨烯基材料及其生物特性,讨论了石墨烯材料产生毒性的影响因素和预防措施,对石墨烯基材料在生物医用领域(如药物载体、生物传感器、光热治疗和组织工程材料)的应用情况进行了论述,并对石墨烯基材料的研究发展方向与应用前景进行了展望。     

材料信息学的研究现状及发展趋势分析

材料信息学属于材料科学和信息科学的交叉学科,在组合材料科学、材料设计和新材料发现等领域中得到了广泛的应用.从材料信息的数据量和复杂性的大大提高,谈到了材料科学面临的四大难题和挑战,阐述了材料信息学出现的背景,列举了材料信息学的概念,提出了材料信息学的主要研究内容.对材料信息学的国内外研究及应用现状进行了综述,最后针对存在的问题分析了材料信息学的发展趋势.     

Design Principles for Aqueous Interactive Materials: Lessons from Small Molecules and Stimuli-Responsive Systems

Interactive materials are at the forefront of current materials research with few examples in the literature. Researchers are inspired by nature to develop materials that can modulate and adapt their behavior in accordance with their surroundings. Stimuli-responsive systems have been developed over the past decades which, although often described as “smart,” lack the ability to act autonomously. Nevertheless, these systems attract attention on account of the resultant materials' ability to change their properties in a predicable manner. These materials find application in a plethora of areas including drug delivery, artificial muscles, etc. Stimuli-responsive materials are serving as the precursors for next-generation interactive materials. Interest in these systems has resulted in a library of well-developed chemical motifs; however, there is a fundamental gap between stimuli-responsive and interactive materials. In this perspective, current state-of-the-art stimuli-responsive materials are outlined with a specific emphasis on aqueous macroscopic interactive materials. Compartmentalization, critical for achieving interactivity, relies on hydrophobic, hydrophilic, supramolecular, and ionic interactions, which are commonly present in aqueous systems and enable complex self-assembly processes. Relevant examples of aqueous interactive materials that do exist are given, and design principles to realize the next generation of materials with embedded autonomous function are suggested.     

Recent Progress of Three-dimensionally Ordered Macroporous (3DOM) Materials in Photocatalytic Applications: A Review

In recent years, three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) materials have attracted tremendous interest in the field of photocatalysis due to the periodic spatial structure and unique physicochemical properties of 3DOM catalysts. In this review, the fundamentals and principles of 3DOM photocatalysts are briefly introduced, including the overview of 3DOM materials, the photocatalytic principles based on 3DOM materials, and the advantages of 3DOM materials in photocatalysis. The preparation methods of 3DOM materials are also presented. The structure and properties of 3DOM materials and their effects on photocatalytic performance are briefly summarized. More importantly, 3DOM materials, as a supported catalyst, are extensively employed to combine with various common materials, including metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and carbon materials, to enhance photocatalytic performance. Finally, the prospects and challenges for the development of 3DOM materials in the field of photocatalysis are presented.     

材料科学技术的生长点

本文评述了当代材料科学技术的情况及今后发展趋向。全文包括以下三方面内容:1.今后高速发展的材料领域,包括信息材料、能源材料、材料的有效利用;2.材料科学前沿举例,包括高温超导材料、低维材料、高强度材料、生物材料等;3.今后发展趋势,并对我国材料科学技术的发展提出了见解。     

生物医用眼科材料的研究

主要综述了用于眼科的生物医用材料的种类、结构特点及其在眼科中应用的性能,重点介绍了用于人工角膜的光学镜柱材料和支架材料、人工晶状体材料、人工玻璃体材料、人工眼球义眼台和义眼材料、人工泪道和泪液材料、角膜接触镜材料及眼科药物载体材料,展望了生物医用眼科材料的发展方向.     

隐身材料的研究进展

根据隐身原理，概述了隐身材料的研究现状和发展概况。重点介绍了雷达隐身材料、红外隐身材料、激光隐身材料，以及多波段复合隐身材料现状及研究进展。肯定了目前隐身材料方面取得的一些进展，指出今后隐身材料的发展会向着质轻、带宽、高效、耐久的方向发展，而且多波段兼容的隐身材料也会是未来隐身材料发展的趋势。     

城市地下空间开发新型材料的现状与发展趋势

地下空间向更深、更广开发是我国城市化进程的必然趋势,新型工程机械设备和技术对工程材料提出了更高要求。文章从开挖机械材料、支护材料、环境保护材料三个方面,分析了目前地下工程中主流材料的使用现状以及新型材料的发展趋势。除了要满足强度的要求,新材料还应当具备环境友好的特性。因此,自愈合材料、生物材料以及绿色支护材料的使用将是未来地下空间开发的发展方向。     

新型轻质雷达吸波材料的应用研究及进展

综述了目前国内外轻质雷达吸波材料的研究动态,详细介绍了具有发展前景的空心微珠吸波材料、碳纳米管吸波材料、导电高聚物吸波材料、纳米吸波材料和智能隐身材料等新型轻质雷达吸波材料的隐身机理及最新研究状况,并对雷达隐身材料应用技术的未来做了展望.     

Materials science and materials engineering education

The report deals with the complex of problems concerning education of materials scientists and materials engineers. The development of materials science is described. It is attempted to estimate the future demand for materials scientists and materials engineers. Educational and organizational aspects of materials science and materials engineering in higher education are discussed. A selection of topics forming a possible core for materials science and materials engineering studies is presented. Finally, university-industry relations in the field of materials are discussed. A survey of materials programs in 133 higher education establishments in 13 countries has been made. The results of this survey are not included in the report, but they are available from OECD on request.     

基于石墨烯的电磁波损耗材料研究进展

随着军事装备隐身伪装需求的迅速增长, 石墨烯基电磁波损耗材料成为科学研究的热点。本文总结了石墨烯基电磁波损耗材料的研究进展, 详细介绍了石墨烯与其它碳系材料、金属纳米材料、铁氧体材料、导电高聚物材料及非金属材料复合而成的二元、三元及以上多元石墨烯基电磁波损耗材料。简要阐述了电磁波损耗机理, 着重讨论了石墨烯基电磁波损耗材料的微观结构、组分数量及不同损耗机制对吸波性能的影响, 展望了石墨烯基电磁波损耗材料的研究重点和发展方向。     

金属点阵材料的研究进展

金属点阵材料是一种具有高孔隙率以及周期性结构的先进轻质多功能材料。重点评述了金属点阵材料的分类、金属三维点阵材料的主要制备方法以及点阵结构制备过程中的连接技术,并归纳了目前对其力学性能表征的一些成果,最后从结构与功能两方面介绍了金属点阵材料特有的优良性能以及应用,并展望了其未来的研究趋势。     

原子氧对航天材料表面的作用与防护 I原子氧与航天材料的作用

综述了低地球轨道环境下原子氧与航天材料的相互作用及其机制，介绍了原子氧敏感性材料以及它们在低地球轨道环境下的降解情况。     

纳米材料在涂料中的应用

纳米材料在涂料中的应用尚处于起步阶段。本文讨论了纳米材料在涂料中的应用 ,并对纳米材料在涂料中的应用提出了一些建议。     

钨阴极材料及其研究进展

介绍了钨阴极材料的种类,性能特点,应用,并对各种钨阴极材料进行了评述,总结了钨阴极材料研究中丰在的主要问题和研究进展,提出了对钨阴极材料进一步研究和开发的建议。     

High temperature materials for magnetohydrodynamic channels

The development of suitable materials for use in mhd generator is one of the most challenging areas. The very high temperatures (∼ 2700 K) coupled with the highly corrosive seed-laden atmosphere limit the choice of materials in contact with the plasma to just a few ceramic oxides. These materials in contact with the high temperature plasmas in mhd generator are simultaneously subjected to stresses of mechanical, thermal, chemical and electromagnetic nature. The development and suitability of the different potential electrode and insulator materials such as lanthanum chromite, zirconia-based materials, alumina, magnesia etc. are reviewed with particular reference to the mhd channel materials programme in the mhd Project atbarc. The operating experience with alumina-based ceramics and other materials under mhd operating conditions is also detailed. This includes the specifications, processing, bonding of the ceramic materials, the test programme and evaluation. Also presented are some of the novel processing techniques like plasma spraying and their application in the development of mhd materials. The advantages and limitations of each of these materials and their principal mode of degradation while in service are also discussed.     

吸波材料的研究进展

综述了目前国内外吸波材料的研究动态,介绍了传统吸波材料以及新型吸波材料,如铁氧体吸波材料、碳纤维结构吸波材料、纳米吸波材料、手性吸波材料,多晶铁纤维吸波材料,导电高聚物吸波材料,雷达红外兼容吸波材料的研究状况.     

Degradable piezoelectric biomaterials for wearable and implantable bioelectronics

Current bioelectronics are facing a paradigm shift from old-fashioned unrecyclable materials to green and degradable functional materials with desired biocompatibility. As an essential electromechanical coupling component in many bioelectronics, new piezoelectric materials are being developed with biodegradability, as well as desired mechanical and electromechanical properties for the next generation implantable and wearable bioelectronics. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advancements in biodegradable piezoelectric materials. Different natural (such as peptide, amino acids, proteins, cellulose, chitin, silk, collagen, and M13 phage) and synthetic piezoelectric materials (such as polylactic acid) are discussed to reveal the underlying electromechanical coupling mechanism at the molecular level, together with typical approaches to the alignment of orientation and polarization to boost their electromechanical performance. Meanwhile, in vivo and in vitro degradation manners of those piezoelectric materials are summarized and compared. Representative developments of typical electronic prototypes leveraging these materials are also discussed. At last, challenges toward practical applications are pointed out together with potential research opportunities that might be critical in this new materials research area.     

蓄热材料的研究进展

介绍了蓄热材料的分类和特点,系统评述了相变蓄热材料和吸附蓄热材料的研究进展,着重介绍了复合相变蓄热材料和复合吸附蓄热材料开发的创新思路,展望了复合蓄热材料的发展方向,指出首先应该开发复合蓄热材料,其次还要根据应用场合研制具有特定功能的蓄热材料.