温敏性聚合物P(AM-Macromer)及其与表面活性剂的复合性能

以含氧乙基结构的烯类单体(Macromer)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,制备了具有温度敏感性的疏水缔合水溶性共聚物P(AM-Macromer).研究了P(AM-Macromer)溶液与不同表面活性剂的相互作用.结果表明,P(AM-Macromer)在水溶液中与表面活性剂存在明显相互作用,复合效应与聚合物浓度、表面活性剂结构及浓度有关.在较高浓度聚合物溶液中,少量表面活性剂的加入能显著提高溶液的黏度;在低浓度聚合物溶液中,表面活性剂的加入使溶液表观黏度下降.表面活性剂对共聚物P(AM-Macromer)溶液黏度的影响强弱顺序为:SDBSCTABOP-10.     

P(AMPS-MBA)-g-P(AM-DEAM)的合成与温敏行为

以2-氨基乙硫醇盐酸盐(AET)为链转移剂,丙烯酰氯为链端转化剂合成了聚(丙烯酰胺-co-N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺)(Poly(AM-co-DEAM), PADA)温敏大单体,再与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠(NaAMPS)和N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)通过自由基共聚,得到以PADA为侧链的温敏增稠共聚物(CGPADA)。采用核磁共振、元素分析确定了PADA与CGPADA的分子结构;研究了共聚物溶液的温敏增稠特性,并进一步考察了共聚物质量浓度、剪切速率和盐浓度等因素对其温敏增稠性能的影响。结果表明,当共聚物溶液达到一定浓度时,其具有优良的温敏增稠性,且增稠效果随共聚物质量浓度及外加盐浓度的增加而提升。     

全国放射性核素~(131)I和~(241)A_m活度测量比对

1991年3月～9月中国计量科学研究院(NIM) 和国防科工委放射性计量一级站(RMC) 共同组织了全国放射性核素~(131)I和~(241)Am活度测量比对,共有十四个实验室参加。它们采用九种不同的测量装置给出了三十六个不同的结果,对弱比活度溶液主要使用4πβ-γ符合、4πβ(PC) 计数器、4πβ(LS) 计数器、HPGeγ谱仪、2πα栅网电离室、小立体角装置及EJ-2603、BH-1216相对测量仪;对于较强比活度溶液,一般使用4πγ电离室测量。最后结果及其不确定度用表给出。     

花生壳对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附特性

花生壳资源丰富,吸附重金属离子有较大优势。为此,研究了花生壳对溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附特性,考察了溶液pH值、Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度和吸附时间对吸附率的影响。结果表明:溶液pH值、Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度和吸附时间对花生壳吸附Cu(Ⅱ)有较大影响,吸附平衡时间约为120 min;花生壳对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,不同温度下吸附过程的ΔG0<0,ΔH0>0,ΔS0>0,表明花生壳对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程是一个自发的吸热过程。     

~(152)Eu、~(58)Co、~(88)Y和~(166m)Ho核素活度测量比对

组织了152 Eu、58Co、88Y和166mHo放射性核素活度测量的国内比对。 15个参加实验室用γ谱仪和 /或 4πβ -γ符合装置等方法测量了由比对溶液制成的点源或溶液样品。介绍比对测量的结果并通过与SIR(国际参考系统 )平均值的比较 ,使国内实验室的测量结果与国际关键比对参考值建立溯源性的联系     

GBW(E)100674乙腈中展青霉素溶液标准物质的研制

本课题研制了乙腈中展青霉素的溶液标准物质1种,并已成功申报为国家二级标准物质(GBW(E)100674)。该溶液标准物质以展青霉素纯度国家二级标准物质(GBW(E)100673)为原料,采用重量容量法配制。依据JJF1343-2012《标准物质定值的通用原则及统计学原理》的要求,本研究采用液相色谱法对乙腈中展青霉素溶液标准物质进行均匀性、短期稳定性和长期稳定性的评价。定值不确定度包含原料纯度、溶液配制、均匀性、短期稳定性和长期稳定性五个方面引入的不确定度。最终,该溶液标准物质GBW(E)100674的定值结果为100μg/m L,不确定度为2%。本研究研制展青霉素溶液标准物质的量值具有溯源性和准确性,可以支持国家食品安全检测的需要。     

PET/CT医用~(68)Ge-~(68)Ga模体的制备工艺及均匀性分析

~(68)Ge-~(68)Ga模体主要用于PET/CT图像均匀性的调节以及SUV值的校正。为了实现该模体的国产化,本文采用改性后的环氧树脂为填充基质,通过载体溶液模拟~(68)Ge-~(68)Ga放射性溶液。将载体溶液、树脂以及固化剂混匀后的物料浇注在高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)外壳中,然后在物料完全固化后制成质地坚硬、色泽通透、无气泡的非放模体。使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)检测该模体中Ge、Ga元素浓度,均匀性分析结果显示该模体中Ge、Ga浓度分布差异性不显著,相对标准偏差分别为2.20%、3.65%,与国外同类产品水平相当。表明文中所述工艺可用于~(68)Ge-~(68)Ga模体的制备。     

阴离子交换膜分离饮用水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

基于Donnan渗析原理,采用阴离子交换膜无电压作用下分离饮用水中Cr(Ⅵ).结果表明,当原水中Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为1.0mg/L,pH值为6.95,补偿溶液NaCl浓度为0.1mol/L,原水和补偿溶液进水流量均为2.5mL/min,膜两侧溶液搅拌强度为500r/min,水温为25℃时,阴离子交换膜对Cr(Ⅵ)的分离去除率为86.4%.采用Na2SO4作为补偿溶液时,Cr(Ⅵ)的分离去除效果降低.调节原水pH值至11.0时,阴离子交换膜对Cr(Ⅵ)的分离去除率下降至78.9%.提高膜两侧溶液搅拌强度,给体池中Cr(Ⅵ)更容易通过膜迁移分离至受体池中.水温由10℃升高至40℃,给体池中Cr(Ⅵ)剩余质量浓度由0.21mg/L下降至0.12mg/L.     

ACFs对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

利用比表面分析仪、扫描电镜和红外光谱仪对活性炭纤维(ACFs)的性能进行表征。选择一定浓度的六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]溶液进行吸附研究,考察接触时间、溶液pH值以及溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的初始质量浓度对吸附行为的影响。结果表明,最佳接触时间为125 min;Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率随着pH值的减小而增大,当pH=2.0时达到最大;Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随着Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度的增加而增大,而去除率随着Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度的增加而减小。此外,对材料的吸附机制进行了简要的分析。     

Ce_(68)Al_(10)Cu_(20)Nb_2大块非晶表面钝化膜的研究

采用铜模冷铸法制备了Ce_(68)Al_(10)Cu_(20)Nb_2大块非晶合金,利用动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱技术(EIS)研究了合金在1mol/L NaOH溶液中的腐蚀行为,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对电化学钝化前后试样的表面形貌进行了表征,最后利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了电化学钝化处理获得的钝化膜的成分。结果表明:Ce_(68)Al_(10)Cu_(20)Nb_2大块非晶合金在1mol/L NaOH溶液中具有明显的自钝化现象,钝化区为-0.25~0.50V,维钝电流密度为10-5~10-6 A/cm~2;通过电化学钝化后获得的钝化膜可分为外部疏松层和内部致密层;外层主要是Ce的氧化物/氢氧化物和Nb的氧化物,内层则由Ce,Cu和Al的氧化物/氢氧化物和Nb的氧化物构成,钝化膜从外到内,随深度增加,氢氧化物含量逐渐减少,氧化物含量逐渐增加。     

La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的储氢性能研究

针对两种新型稀土型储氢合金La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2的储氢特性进行研究分析。实验表明,相同温度下,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的PCT曲线基本重合,且都具有优良的吸氢动力学性能;相比之下,后者的滞后系数要小于前者,吸氢量较大,吸氢速率也较快,故其储氢性能较优。300次吸放氢循环实验结果表明,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的吸氢动力学性能虽然略有下降,但抗粉化性能较好。     

Dy0.6Tb0.3Pr0.1(Fe0.95Mn0.05)x取向晶体的结构与磁致伸缩

采用Ｃｚｏｃｈｒａｌｓｋｉ方法生长了Ｄｙ０．６Ｔｂ０．３Ｐｒ０．１（Ｆｅ０．９５Ｍｎ０．０５）ｘ（１．８５≤ｘ≤１．９５）取向合金。所有合金主相为立方Ｌａｖｅｓ相结构,择优取向不完整择优取向的方向与Ｘ的大小有关。研究了沿着这些样品的生长方向的磁致伸缩性能以及磁致伸缩性能与压力之间的关系。     

Thermal Stability of Amorphous Hydride Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45)

The thermal stability of amorphous ternary hydrides Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) and their corre-sponding amorphous binary alloys Mg_(50)Ni_(50) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70) were studied with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Samples of the amorphous alloys were preparedby mechanical alloying and the amorphous hydrides were obtained by charging the alloys with gas-eous hydrogen at 3.0 MPa and 423 K. It was found that the amorphous hydrides released most oftheir hydrogen before the crystallization of the essentially hydrogen depleted amorphous alloy. Thecrystallization temperature of amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) elevated and that of amorphousMg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) did not change in relation to the original binary amorphous alloy. This is very excep-tional for amorphous hydrides. The reason for the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption on thecrystallization of amorphous alloys was discussed.     

Plasma surface treatments of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)

The surfaces of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were modified by oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments. The physical and chemical surface characteristics were evaluated by contact angle tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The plasma treatments caused an increase in both contact angle and roughening, altered the surface morphology, inserted polar groups, and, consequently, enhanced the hydrophilicity for both PLLA and PHBV polymers.     

Nanomechanical characterization of one-step combustion-synthesized Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires

Two kinds of aluminum borate nanowires, Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33), were successfully synthesized by a one-step combustion method through control of the Al:B atomic ratio and synthesis temperature. Both nanowires are single crystalline but have distinguishing growth habits. Nanoindentation tests were performed directly on individual nanowires to reveal their mechanical properties. A 70% reduction in elastic modulus was found in Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires compared with their bulk counterpart. Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires exhibited higher hardness and elastic modulus than Al(4)B(2)O(9) nanowires.     

非晶态半导体 As_(24)Se_(76)、As_(40)Se_(60)和 As_(50)Se_(50)的光量子效率研究

光量子效率是非晶态光电导材料的一个重要参数。本文利用静电放电的方法,探讨和研究了 As—Se 系统非晶态半导体材料的光量子效率与电场和组份的关系,得出的结果与 Onsager 理论描述的相一致。由分析而得到了等剂量组份、富 As 和富 Se 系统光量子效率的变化趋势。     

Natural Passivity of Amorphous Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 Alloys

The natural passive films forrned on Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 amorphous alloys long-term exposed in air have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron (including Ar+ ion depth profiling) spectroscopy (AES). The following aspects have been investigated: (1) chemical states of the elements in the films. binding energies and the chemical shifts measured by XPSf (2) structure and composition of the films fand (3) thickness of the passive films determined by AES depth profiling and XPS analysis.     

Work Functions of Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5)and Cu_(70)Ti_(30)Glassy Alloys

The work functions before and aftercrystallization of two glassy alloys,Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5) andCu_(70)Ti_(30) have been measured by means of the con-tact potential difference method in the secondaryelectron field at room temperature under 10~(-5) Pavacuum.The results show that the work functionsof both glassy alloys are higher than those of thecorresponding crystalline alloys.     

An SANS Study of Decomposition Kinetics in Amorphous Cu_(12.5)Ni_(10)Zr_(41)Ti_(14)Be_(22.5)

Phase decomposition in amorphous Cu12.5Ni10Zr411Ti14Be22.5 alloy as annealed in the super-cooled liquid range was studied by applying small angle neutron scattering (SANS). As annealed between 600 K and 700 K, the alloy was observed to decompose into two new amorphous phases,with the second phase precipitates embedded in the matrix of the first. Long time annealing of the alloy results in crystallization in addition to evolution of the decomposed microstructure.The kinetic diagram of the decomposition and crystallization for this alloy is given. The second phase precipitates have several nanometers in size and occupy a quite low volume fraction. The decomposition of the supercooled liquid in overall temperature range exhibits the features of spinodal reaction.