共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Yoshiyuki Yokogawa Nobuo Ishizawa Shigeyuki Smiya Masahiro Yoshimura 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(9):2073-2076
The Phase relations of the system Gd2 O3 -Ta2 O5 in the composition range 50 to100 mol% Gd2O3 was studied by solidstate reactions at 1350°, 1500°, or 1700°C and by thermal analyses up to the melting temperatures. Weberite-type orthorhombic phase (W2 phase, space group C2221) with the composition of Gd3 TaO7 seems to melt incongruently; at about 2040°C, although this Gd3 TaO7 Phase was previously reported to melt congruently. A new fluorite-type cubic phase (F phase, space group Fm3m ) was found for the first time above 1500°C in the system. It melts congruently with the composition of about 80mol% Gd2O3at 2318° 3°C. A phase diagram was proposed for the system Gd2 O3–Ta2O5 in the Gd2 O3 –rich portion 相似文献
3.
The phase equilibrium relations in the systems Y2 O3 -Al2 O3 and Gd2 O3 -Fe2 O3 were examined. Each system has two stable binary compounds. A 3:s molar ratio garnet-type compound exists in both systems. The 1:1 distorted perovskite structure is stable in the system Gd2 O3 -Fe2 O3 but only metastable in the system Y2 O3 -AI2 O3 . This interesting example of metastable formation and persistence of a compound with ions of high Z/r values explains the discrepancies in the literature on the structure of the composition YA1O3 . A new 2:1 molar ratio cubic phase has been found in the system Y2 O3 -A12 O3 . Since silicon can be completely substituted for aluminum in this compound, the aluminum ions are presumably in fourfold coordination. 相似文献
4.
The elastic properties of polycrystalline monoclinic Gd2 O3 were determined by the sonic-resonance method. Volume-fraction porosity varied from 0.025 to 0.367 and temperature from room temperature to 1400°C. The Young's and shear moduli are linear functions of volume-fraction porosity, but the rate of their decrease with increasing porosity is less than that expected. The moduli decreased more rapidly than expected with increasing temperature. The Debye temperature is 362°K. With increasing temperature, the first Grueneisen constant, γ, decreases, whereas the second Grueneisen constant, δ, increases. 相似文献
5.
6.
MADELEINE H. WARZEE MARCEL MAURICE FRANZ HALLA WALTER R. RUSTON 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1965,48(1):15-17
In the binary system PbO–Laz O3 only one compound, 4PbO.La2 O3 , exists; it is flanked by two eutectics. The structure of the compound, although of lower symmetry, is intimately related to the C modification of the rare earths. Below 800° to 1000°C, metastable solid solutions are formed from oxide mixtures coprecipitated from mixed solutions of the nitrates, the cubic parameter a = 5.66 A, if extrapolated to pure La2 O3 , corresponding to half the a parameter of the C form of La2 O3 . The solid solutions existing between the compositions La2 O3 –2Pb0 and pure La2 O3 have a cubic face–centered lattice and obey Vegard's rule. The systems of PbO with Sm2 O3 and Gd2 O8 are quite similar to that with La2 O3 . The compound Sm2 O3 .4Pb0 decomposes at 1000°C with evaporation of PbO; Sm2 O3 remains in the B modification. 相似文献
7.
8.
W. R. Xue Walter A. Schulze † Robert E. Newnham 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1990,73(6):1783-1784
The electromechanical properties of PbTiO3 ceramics, modified by substitution of Sm or Gd + Nd (same average atomic radius as Sm) for Pb, were studied in the range of 6% to 14% substitution. The modified PbTiO3 ceramics were stable, and the Curie temperature decreased linearly over this composition range. The 10% Sm composition had a large anisotropy in the coupling factor ratio, k t / k p , and a similar, but weaker, effect developed for 12% (1/2 Gd + 1/2 Nd). This indicates that other than average ion size may influence the electromechanical coupling factor ratio. 相似文献
9.
Pomin Su Anil V. Virkar Camden R. Hubbard O. Burl Cavin Wallace D. Porter 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1993,76(10):2513-2520
Gd2 O3 -doped Bi2 O3 polycrystalline ceramics containing between 2 and 7 mol% Gd2 O3 were fabricated by pressureless sintering powder compacts. The as-sintered samples were tetragonal at room temperature. Hightemperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) traces showed that the samples were cubic at elevated temperatures and transformed into the tetragonal polymorph during cooling. On the basis of conductivity measurements as a function of temperature and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the cubic → tetragonal as well as tetragonal → cubic → teansition temperatures were determined as a function of Gd2 O3 concentration. The cubic → tetragonal transformation appears to be a displacive transformation. It was observed that additions of ZrO2 as a dopant, which is known to suppress cation interdiffusion in rare-earth oxide–Bi2 O3 systems, did not suppress the transition, consistent with it being a displacive transition. Annealing of samples at temperatures 660°C for several hundred hours led to decomposition into a mixture of monoclinic and rhombohedral phases. This shows that the tetragonal polymorph is a metastable phase. 相似文献
10.
Equilibrium data at liquidus temperatures are presented for compositions in the quaternary system Y-Gd-Fe-O in ambient atmospheres of oxygen gas (pO2 , = 760 mm Hg), air (PO2 , = 159 mm Hg), and CO2 (pO2 variable). Incongruent melting occurred in yttrium-iron and gadolinium-iron garnet phases and in all intermediate garnet solid solutions in the three oxygen pressure sections studied. Fractionation in the yttrium/gadolinium ratio between oxide liquid and crystalline garnet phases in the quaternary system was not observed experimentally, indicating that unzoned (Y,Gd)3 Fe5 O12 crystals may be grown from a melt without special precautions to maintain a fixed Y/Gd ratio. 相似文献
11.
The mechanism of parahydrogen conversion was studied on Gd2 O3 and Y2 O3 powders and on Gd and Y evaporated metal films at low and high temperatures (77° to 90°K and 298° to 418°K). Absolute rates of conversion are compared to theoretical values for 3 possible reaction mechanisms, and it is concluded that a paramagnetic vibrational mechanism is operative on Gd2 O3 , Gd, and Y. On Y2 O3 the reaction rate is enhanced by additional surface paramagnetic sites. The portion of the surface which is active is ∼1 for the metals and ∼0.01 for the oxides. 相似文献
12.
13.
The oxygen nonstoichiometry in Mn-doped Gd2 Ti2 O7 , Gd2 (Ti0.975 Mn0.025 )2 O7+x , was measured electrochemically, as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure, with the aid of an oxygen titration cell. The analysis of the data shows that the defect equilibrium can be described by considering the dominant point defects to be neutral oxygen interstitials, doubly charged oxygen vacancies, and trivalent and quadrivalent Mn ions substituted in the Ti sites. The enthalpies for the formation of neutral oxygen interstitials and trivalent Mn are determined. 相似文献
14.
Oxygen-diffusion coefficients were determined in single crystals of MgO and α-Fe2 O3 by exchanging the samples with 18 O enriched gas at 1 atm and measuring 18 O profiles using a proton activation technique. For MgO, in the temperature range 1580 to 1820 K, the diffusion coefficient is represented by: 相似文献
15.
16.
Anion self-diffusion coefficients normal to (1102) were obtained for single-crystal Al2 O3 in a 1.3 × 10 3 N/m2 (10−5 torr) vacuum at 1585° to 1840°C. Tracer was supplied from an initial 650 to 1300 A Al2 18 O3 layer produced by the oxidation of vapor-deposited Al metal films in an 18 O2 atmosphere at 520°C. Concentration gradients extended over depths of 3000 to 5000 A and were measured by mass spectrometry of material sputtered from the samples with a beam of Ar+ ions. Crystals which had not been preannealed to remove surface damage displayed enhanced diffusion. Diffusion coefficients from preannealed crystals may be described by D0 =6.4×105 cm2 /s, with an activation energy of 188 ± 7 kcal/mol. The diffusion is interpreted as an extrinsic vacancy mechanism. 相似文献
17.
A. G. CROUCH 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1972,55(11):558-563
The effects of stress, temperature, grain size, porosity, and O2 partial pressure on the creep of polycrystalline Fe2 O3 were studied in the range 770° to 1105°C by tests in 4-point bending and compression. Deformation rates are controlled by the stress-directed diffusion of either oxygen or iron. Diffusion coefficients computed from the Nabarro-Herring formula modified by including an empirical porosity-correction term are also consistent with the values reported for oxygen and iron. 相似文献
18.
Oleg Vasylkiv Yoshio Sakka Valeriy V. Skorokhod 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(6):1822-1826
CeCl3 ·7H2 O and GdCl3 ·6H2 O that were dissolved in water were precipitated with urea (NH2 CONH2 ) to produce matrix agglomerates for three-component nano-reactors. Mixing hexamethylenetetramine with dilute nitric acid resulted in the formation of well-dispersed nano-particles of cyclotrimetilene trinitramine (C3 H6 N6 O6 ) (RDX) in the solvent. Nano-reactors were produced by impregnating the nano-C3 H6 N6 O6 into the matrix agglomerates of an intermediate complex of cerium and gadolinium compounds. Blast initiation of the C3 H6 N6 O6 resulted in extremely rapid detonation and gaseous products formation at temperatures of 2000°–5000°C, which were compressed into a volume nearly equal to the initial volume of each RDX nano-particle. Multiple "nano-blasts" occurred in the volume of each nano-reactor. The impact of the blast waves led to fragmentation of the surrounding matter. The evolution of a large volume of gaseous products dissipated the heat of the process and limited temperature increase, thus reducing the possibility of local sintering among the primary particles. The short-term high temperature generated during the blasts enhanced the solid solubility of the metal oxides. Uniform aggregates of 22∼74 nm consisting of 6∼14 nm crystallites of gadolinia in ceria solid solution were synthesized. 相似文献
19.
The phase relations for the system y2 o3 –Ta2 o5 in the composition range 50 to 100 mol% Y2 O3 have been studied by solid-state reactions at 1350°, 1500°, or 17000C and by thermal analyses up to the melting temperatures. Weberite-type orthorhombic phases (W2 phase, space group C2221 ), fluorite-type cubic phases (F phase, space group Fm3m )and another orthorhombic phase (O phase, space group Cmmm )are found in the system. The W2 phase forms in 75 mol% Y2 O3 under 17000C and O phase in 70 mol% Y2 O3 up to 1700°C These phases seem to melt incongruently. The F phase forms in about 80 mol% Y2 O3 and melts congruently at 2454° 3°C. Two eutectic points seem to exist at about 2220°C 90 mol% Y2 O3 , and at about 1990°C, 62 mol% Y2 O3 . A Phase diagram including the above three phases were not identified with each other. 相似文献
20.
The phase relations for the Sc2 O3 -Ta2 O5 system in the composition range of 50-100 mol% Sc2 O3 have been studied by using solid-state reactions at 1350°, 1500°, or 1700°C and by using thermal analyses up to the melting temperatures. The Sc5.5 Ta1.5 O12 phase, defect-fluorite-type cubic phase (F-phase, space group Fm 3 m ), ScTaO4 , and Sc2 O3 were found in the system. The Sc5.5 Ta1.5 O12 phase formed in 78 mol% Sc2 O3 at <1700°C and seemed to melt incongruently. The F-phase formed in ∼75 mol% Sc2 O3 and decomposed to Sc5.5 Ta1.5 O12 and ScTaO4 at <1700°C. The F-phase melted congruently at 2344°± 2°C in 80 mol% Sc2 O3 . The eutectic point seemed to exist at ∼2300°C in 90 mol% Sc2 O3 . A phase diagram that includes the four above-described phases has been proposed, instead of the previous diagram in which those phases were not identified. 相似文献