基于Hadoop与XMPP的云翻译系统的研究与实现

针对传统机器翻译系统准确性差、人工翻译成本高等缺陷,提出了一种基于Hadoop云计算框架与XMPP协议的云翻译系统解决方案,结合传统翻译技术和Hadoop云计算框架,利用XMPP在异构系统之间的互通,建立用户、译员和对象的三方互助云平台.该系统可挖掘互助沟通过程中的庞杂的语料资源,具有语料库数据量大,翻译准确、翻译效率高、智能性强等特点,解决了人工翻译成本高、机器翻译歧义性大等问题,实现了不同语种人群通过互联网进行文字即时通信时的多语无障碍沟通.     

Social big data: Recent achievements and new challenges

Big data has become an important issue for a large number of research areas such as data mining, machine learning, computational intelligence, information fusion, the semantic Web, and social networks. The rise of different big data frameworks such as Apache Hadoop and, more recently, Spark, for massive data processing based on the MapReduce paradigm has allowed for the efficient utilisation of data mining methods and machine learning algorithms in different domains. A number of libraries such as Mahout and SparkMLib have been designed to develop new efficient applications based on machine learning algorithms. The combination of big data technologies and traditional machine learning algorithms has generated new and interesting challenges in other areas as social media and social networks. These new challenges are focused mainly on problems such as data processing, data storage, data representation, and how data can be used for pattern mining, analysing user behaviours, and visualizing and tracking data, among others. In this paper, we present a revision of the new methodologies that is designed to allow for efficient data mining and information fusion from social media and of the new applications and frameworks that are currently appearing under the “umbrella” of the social networks, social media and big data paradigms.     

Smartphone‐based object recognition with embedded machine learning intelligence for unmanned aerial vehicles

Existing artificial intelligence solutions typically operate in powerful platforms with high computational resources availability. However, a growing number of emerging use cases such as those based on unmanned aerial systems (UAS) require new solutions with embedded artificial intelligence on a highly mobile platform. This paper proposes an innovative UAS that explores machine learning (ML) capabilities in a smartphone‐based mobile platform for object detection and recognition applications. A new system framework tailored to this challenging use case is designed with a customized workflow specified. Furthermore, the design of the embedded ML leverages TensorFlow, a cutting‐edge open‐source ML framework. The prototype of the system integrates all the architectural components in a fully functional system, and it is suitable for real‐world operational environments such as seek and rescue use cases. Experimental results validate the design and prototyping of the system and demonstrate an overall improved performance compared with the state of the art in terms of a wide range of metrics.     

Forecasting- where computational intelligence meets the stock market

Forecasting is an important activity in finance. Traditionally, forecasting has been done with in-depth knowledge in finance and the market. Advances in computational intelligence have created opportunities that were never there before. Computational finance techniques, machine learning in particular, can dramatically enhance our ability to forecast. They can help us to forecast ahead of our competitors and pick out scarce opportunities. This paper explains some of the opportunities offered by computational intelligence and some of the achievements so far. It also explains the underlying technologies and explores the research horizon.     

Machine Learning for User Modeling

At first blush, user modeling appears to be a prime candidate for straightforward application of standard machine learning techniques. Observations of the user's behavior can provide training examples that a machine learning system can use to form a model designed to predict future actions. However, user modeling poses a number of challenges for machine learning that have hindered its application in user modeling, including: the need for large data sets; the need for labeled data; concept drift; and computational complexity. This paper examines each of these issues and reviews approaches to resolving them.     

大数据智能:从数据拟合最优解到博弈对抗均衡解

数据驱动的机器学习（特别是深度学习）在自然语言处理、计算机视觉分析和语音识别等领域取得了巨大进展,是人工智能研究的热点。但是传统机器学习是通过各种优化算法拟合训练数据集上的最优模型,即在模型上的平均损失最小,而在现实生活的很多问题（如商业竞拍、资源分配等）中,人工智能算法学习的目标应该是是均衡解,即在动态情况下也有较好效果。这就需要将博弈的思想应用于大数据智能。通过蒙特卡洛树搜索和强化学习等方法,可以将博弈与人工智能相结合,寻求博弈对抗模型的均衡解。从数据拟合的最优解到博弈对抗的均衡解能让大数据智能有更广阔的应用空间。     

Communication with users: insights from second language acquisition

The paper addresses the question of how an English language user interface will be understood by users from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds and provides some answers from the study of second language acquisition and the practice of language teaching and learning. It is accepted that for a number of reasons, translation of an English interface into other languages is not always feasible or appropriate. Existing knowledge of language learning problems and solutions can be applied to the design of English language interfaces so that they are more accessible to non-native speakers. The present article categorises language-related problems, gives examples in each category, and provides a set of guidelines. The conclusion reached is that making word collocations and co-occurrences visible and available is the key to building in sufficient verbal context for understanding—a measure which will also be helpful to native speakers of English.     

Saving time and memory in computational intelligence system with machine unification and task spooling

There are many knowledge-based data mining frameworks and it is common to think that new ones cannot come up with anything new. This article refutes such claims. We propose a sophisticated unification mechanism and two-tier machine cache system aimed at saving time and memory. No machine is run twice. Instead, machines are reused wherever they are repeatedly requested (regardless of request context). We also present an exceptional task spooler. Its unique design facilitates efficient automated management of large numbers of tasks with natural adjustment to available computational resources. Dedicated task scheduler cooperates with machine unification mechanism to save time and space. The solutions are possible thanks to very general and universal design of machine, configuration, machine context, unique machine life cycle, machine information exchange, configuration templates and other necessary concepts. Results gained by machines are stored in a uniform way, facilitating easy results exploration and collection by means of a special query system and versatile analysis with series transformations. No knowledge about internals of particular machines is necessary to extensively explore the results. The ideas presented here, have been implemented and verified inside Intemi framework for data mining and meta-learning tasks. They are general engine-level mechanisms that may be fruitful in all aspects of data analysis, all applications of knowledge-based data mining, computational intelligence, machine learning or neural networks methods.     

Computational intelligence in control

This Milestone Report addresses first the position of the areas of computers, computational intelligence and communications within IFAC. Subsequently, it addresses the role of computational intelligence in control. It focuses on four topics within the Computational Intelligence area: neural network control, fuzzy control, reinforcement learning and brain machine interfaces. Within these topics the challenges and the relevant theoretical contributions are highlighted, as well as expected future directions are pointed out.     

从ER模式到OWL DL本体的语义保持的翻译

提出了一种从ER模式到OWL DL本体的语义保持的翻译方法.该方法在形式化表示ER模式的基础上,建立ER模式和OWL DL本体之间精确的概念对应,通过一个翻译算法按照一组预定义的映射规则实现模式翻译.理论分析表明,该方法是语义保持的和有效的;算法实现和案例研究进一步证实,完全自动的机器翻译是可实现的.该文方法是原创性的,为Web本体的开发以及数据库和语义Web之间语义互操作的实现开辟了一条有效途径.     

Terminological ontology learning and population using latent Dirichlet allocation

The success of Semantic Web will heavily rely on the availability of formal ontologies to structure machine understanding data. However, there is still a lack of general methodologies for ontology automatic learning and population, i.e. the generation of domain ontologies from various kinds of resources by applying natural language processing and machine learning techniques In this paper, the authors present an ontology learning and population system that combines both statistical and semantic methodologies. Several experiments have been carried out, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Hybrid-augmented intelligence in predictive maintenance with digital intelligent assistants

Industrial maintenance strategies increasingly rely on artificial intelligence to predict asset conditions and prescribe maintenance actions. The related maintenance software and human maintenance actors can form a hybrid-augmented intelligence system where each side benefits from and enhances the other side's intelligence. This system requires optimized human-machine interfaces to help users express their knowledge and retrieve information from difficult-to-use software. Therefore, this article proposes a novel approach for maintenance experts and operators to interact with a predictive maintenance system through a digital intelligent assistant. This assistant is artificial intelligence (AI) that could help its users interact with the system via natural language and collect their feedback about the success of maintenance interventions. Implementing hybrid-augmented intelligence in a predictive maintenance system faces several technical, social, economic, organizational, and legal challenges. The benefits, limitations, and risks of hybrid-augmented intelligence must be clear to all employees to advocate its use. AI-focused change management and employee training could be techniques to address these challenges. The success of the proposed approach also relies on the continuous improvement of natural language understanding. Such a process will need conversation-driven development where actual interactions with the assistant provide accurate training data for language and dialog models. Future research has to be interdisciplinary and may cover the integration of explainable AI, suitable AI laws, operationalized trustworthy AI, efficient design for human-computer interaction, and natural language processing adapted to predictive maintenance.     

MASACAD: A multi-agent approach to information customization for the purpose of academic advising of students

The growth and advancement in the Internet and the World Wide Web has led to an explosion in the amount of available information. This staggering amount of information has made it extremely difficult for users to locate and retrieve information that is actually relevant to their task at hand. Dealing with this problem of “information overload” will need tools to customize the information space. In this paper we present MASACAD, a multi-agent system that learns to advise students by mining the Web and discuss important problems in relationship to information customization systems and smooth the way for possible solutions. The main idea is to approach information customization using a multi-agent paradigm in combination with a number of aspects from the domains of machine learning, user modeling, and Web mining.     

人工智能在计算机网络技术中的应用分析

随着信息技术的快速发展,人工智能已成为引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革的战略性技术。现阶段,各个国家都在争先布局和发展人工智能,以期能在未来科技革命中抢占高点和先机。人工智能是一种模拟人脑工作的技术形式,它包含系统推荐、人工神经网络、语言处理、机器学习等方面的内容。将人工智能应用于计算机网络技术,可以节省人力资源、提升效率,可较好地弥补当前计算机网络技术在运用过程中存在的不足,进一步提升计算机网络技术水平。     

基于区分词的汉语隐喻短语识别

隐喻识别是自然语言处理的一个重要研究分支。目前人们越来越清楚地认识到隐喻在思维及语言中所处的中心地位。从计算语言学和自然语言处理的角度来考虑,隐喻问题若不能得到很好的处理,语言理解和机器翻译的效果都会受到影响。通过观察隐喻短语和非隐喻短语在汉语中的上下文发现,有一批词可用于有效地识别隐喻短语,称之为区分词。首先从Web中自动抽取了一部分区分词,进而提出了一种基于区分词的隐喻短语识别方法。实验表明基于区分词的识别方法是有效的。     

Social intelligence design for the Web

Web intelligence reflects the view that eventually we will build a totally new kind of collective intelligence on the Web computing infrastructure. To reach this goal we must solve several major problems. For example, embedding Web computing into our everyday lives and society poses a more difficult problem than engineers might think. Because new technologies often consume financial resources without providing a comparable benefit, we must pay close attention to the social aspects of intelligence and how Web computing can augment knowledge processes, an attitude that underlies social intelligence design. Computer-supported collaborative work takes a similar approach, focusing on well-structured, goal-oriented groups Social intelligence design, on the other hand, highlights collective knowledge processes in informal, loosely coupled groups. It thus focuses not only on technological development for Web intelligence but also on the design and analysis of a social framework for embedding Web intelligence into everyday life.     

Web service reliability prediction based on machine learning

Web service reliability is an important mission that keeps web services running normally. Within web service, the web services invoked by users not only depend on the service itself, but also on web load condition (such as latency). Due to the features of web dynamics, traditional reliability methods have become inappropriate; at the same time, the web condition parameter sparsity problem will cause inaccurate reliability prediction. To address these new challenges, in this paper, we propose a new web service reliability prediction method based on machine learning considering user, web service and web condition. First we solve the web condition parameter sparsity problem, then we use the k-means clustering method to aggregate past invocation data, incorporate user, service, and web condition parameters to build a reliability feedback matrix, at last we predict web service reliability by considering specific web condition environments. The experiment shows that our machine learning method is able to solve the data sparsity problem and improve accurate web service reliability prediction, and we discuss how data sparsity and the number of feedback clusters to affect web service reliability prediction.     

神经网络机器翻译研究热点与前沿趋势分析

机器翻译是指利用计算机将一种语言文本转换成具有相同语义的另一种语言文本的过程。它是人工智能领域的一项重要研究课题。近年来,随着深度学习研究和应用的快速发展,神经网络机器翻译成为机器翻译领域的重要发展方向。该文首先简要介绍近一年神经网络机器翻译在学术界和产业界的影响,然后对当前的神经网络机器翻译的研究进展进行分类综述,最后对后续的发展趋势进行展望。     

Interacting meaningfully with machine learning systems: Three experiments

Although machine learning is becoming commonly used in today's software, there has been little research into how end users might interact with machine learning systems, beyond communicating simple “right/wrong” judgments. If the users themselves could work hand-in-hand with machine learning systems, the users’ understanding and trust of the system could improve and the accuracy of learning systems could be improved as well. We conducted three experiments to understand the potential for rich interactions between users and machine learning systems. The first experiment was a think-aloud study that investigated users’ willingness to interact with machine learning reasoning, and what kinds of feedback users might give to machine learning systems. We then investigated the viability of introducing such feedback into machine learning systems, specifically, how to incorporate some of these types of user feedback into machine learning systems, and what their impact was on the accuracy of the system. Taken together, the results of our experiments show that supporting rich interactions between users and machine learning systems is feasible for both user and machine. This shows the potential of rich human–computer collaboration via on-the-spot interactions as a promising direction for machine learning systems and users to collaboratively share intelligence.     

Data mining for Web intelligence

Searching, comprehending, and using the semistructured HTML, XML, and database-service-engine information stored on the Web poses a significant challenge. This data is more sophisticated and dynamic than the information commercial database systems store. To supplement keyword-based indexing, researchers have applied data mining to Web-page ranking. In this context, data mining helps Web search engines find high-quality Web pages and enhances Web click stream analysis. For the Web to reach its full potential, however, we must improve its services, make it more comprehensible, and increase its usability. As researchers continue to develop data mining techniques, the authors believe this technology will play an increasingly important role in meeting the challenges of developing the intelligent Web. Ultimately, data mining for Web intelligence will make the Web a richer, friendlier, and more intelligent resource that we can all share and explore. The paper considers how data mining holds the key to uncovering and cataloging the authoritative links, traversal patterns, and semantic structures that will bring intelligence and direction to our Web interactions.