时频二维逼近及在故障分量提取中的应用

机械故障信号通常是具有非线性时频关系多分量信号,其频谱占有较宽的频带,且各分量的频谱常常相互交叠,给故障诊断带来了很大的障碍.在传统信号分解的基函数线性逼近方法和时频重排的基础上,提出了基于时频二维逼近的信号分量提取方法.该方法对所要提取的特征分量进行参数建模,并计算出分量模型的时频函数以及多分量信号的重排时频分布;然后采用模型的时频函数拟合逼近原始信号的时频分布,并采用非线性最小二乘法确定出模型的各个参数值;最后设置能量下降梯度阈值控制迭代次数,用拟合得出的参数模型重构出信号分量.仿真实例验证了,上述方法对比基于时频滤波的信号提取方法,只需要少数几次拟合就能提取出所需要的信号分量,分量的重构精度较高.这种方法在轴承故障冲击分量提取中的应用表明,其不仅可以较精确地对轴承故障进行定位,而且能为故障原因及故障程度提供准确的判断依据.     

基于辅助信号经验模式分解的海上视频图像去雾技术

海面及天空区域的视频图像局部或全局极值点匮乏,传统的二维经验模式分解(BEMD)失效。本文分析了BEMD的频率特性,给出了高频辅助信号的构造方法,将高频辅助信号加入原视频图像信号,分解得到的内蕴模式分量(IMC)减去IMC的辅助信号,得到原信号的最接近辅助信号的频率分量。以此类推,分解可得到原信号的不同频率分量。这种基于辅助信号的经验模式分解(ASBEMD),解决了局部或全局极值点匮乏的海上视频图像的分解问题,并应用于海上降质图像的增强处理,取得了与目前公认去雾效果较好的HE算法一致的结果。     

从时频联合域提取客观参量建立声品质预测模型

为提高声品质评价模型的预测精度,提出一种从时频联合域上分析声信号特征,根据人对声音的感受特性提取相关客观参量,构建声品质评价模型的方法.采用互补集成经验模式分解对声信号进行处理,得到原信号的各阶本征模函数分量;然后通过Hilbert变换计算各本征模函数分量的瞬时频率,并引入临界频带值对瞬时频率进行计权,提取出新的客观参...     

基于二维EMD和小波阈值的掌纹图像去噪

为有效抑制掌纹图像中含有的噪声、提高特征提取的精度,提出一种基于二维经验模式分解和小波阈值去噪相结合的掌纹图像去噪新方法。首先,对含有噪声的掌纹图像进行二维EMD分解,得到不同特征尺度的本征模函数子图像;然后对中高频成分的IMF进行小波多阈值去噪;最后将去噪处理后的各IMF与残差图像通过加和进行重构。实验结果表明,该方法与单独的二维EMD滤波及小波阈值去噪相比,去噪效果更明显,提取的主线和细节特征更清晰,因而均方误差最小、峰值信噪比最高。     

基于EEMD的SAR海洋内波参数反演

经验模态分解(EMD)方法对非平稳信号进行分解,容易出现模式混叠和边界效应,从而不能得到有物理意义的特征信息.集成经验模态分解(EEMD)能够有效地克服模式混叠和边界效应问题,可准确地提取信号的本质特征信息.在分析SAR图像反演海洋内波参数机理的基础上,本文提出了一种基于EEMD的海洋内波参数反演方法.实验结果表明:与小波分解和EMD方法相比,该方法能更有效地克服模式混叠现象,所提取的分量更接近内波波动的物理本质,所反演的内波参数与经验数据吻合.     

基于二维EMD的Harris角点检测算法

为解决Harris角点检测算法在多尺度条件下无法正确提取角点的问题,本文将经验模式分解(EMD)方法运用到二维图像特征点提取中。先利用二维EMD方法将图像分解到多个图像细节层,并定义为本征模函数(IMF),再利用Harris算子对各图像细节层进行角点检测,最后采用层层筛选的方法提取角点。对比实验结果表明,新算法得到的角点更加丰富,抗噪性增强,明显提高了图像角点检测性能。     

EMD-SVM非线性组合模型对高炉铁水含硅量的预测

提出了一种基于经验模式分解(EMD)和支持向量机(SVM)的非线性组合模型的预测方法.该方法运用EMD将原始铁水含硅量的时间序列分解成若干个频率不同的平稳分量,分解后的分量突出了原序列的局部特征.通过Lempel-Ziv复杂度分析选用不同的核函数,并利用10-fold交叉检验方法取定相应的参数,从而对各个分量构建不同的支持向量机模型,并对各分量进行预测.仿真结果表明,EMD-SVM非线性组合模型预测命中率达到90%.     

一种基于样本熵的轴承故障诊断方法

运用非线性动力学参数样本熵作为特征,对轴承正常、内圈故障、滚动体故障、外圈故障四种工况的振动信号进行分析识别。针对利用原始振动信号的样本熵只能在一个尺度域进行分析,无法准确区分轴承运行状况的问题,提出一种基于集成经验模式分解与样本熵的轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用集成经验模式分解方法将原始振动信号分解为有限个内蕴模式分量,从中选取包含故障主要信息的前几个内蕴模式分量的样本熵作为特征,然后利用支持向量机进行轴承故障诊断,这样可以在多个尺度对轴承信号进行分析,提高了轴承故障诊断的准确率。通过轴承故障实测信号的诊断实验,证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

用Gabor滤波实现虹膜图像纹理编码

针对虹膜纹理的幅度和相位信息特征,利用二维Gabor滤波器族可以很好地模拟皮层简单细胞的二维感受野轮廓,能够最大限度的提供图像局部方向和频率信息的特点,提出一种基于二维Gabor函数族对虹膜图像进行子块分解滤波的改进编码算法。实验结果表明,该方法能有效的提取虹膜纹理特征,从而达到虹膜识别的目的。     

自适应变分模式提取的轴承故障诊断方法

变分模式提取(variational mode extraction, VME)能够从复杂信号中提取特定的模式分量,但其在轴承故障诊断中的应用潜力受到初始中心频率和平衡参数的影响。因此,为了克服VME在轴承故障诊断应用中超参数的设置问题,深入探究VME模型中心频率迭代更新过程,发现中心频率收敛趋势现象并通过理论证明其存在性,由此提出中心频率定位策略,可自适应地确定目标中心频率。为了最大化匹配故障信息,构造基于故障特征幅值比的平衡参数优化策略,能够优化目标分量的带宽。以上中心频率定位策略和平衡参数优化策略,构成自适应变分模式提取的故障诊断方法,该方法能够在无需预设初始中心频率及平衡参数的情况下自适应提取故障相关分量。仿真和两个试验案例分析结果验证所提方法在轴承故障诊断领域相比于连续变分模式分解、经验模式分解和快速谱峭度方法更具有效性和优越性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.