视频监控中基于在线多核学习的目标再现识别

在非重叠多摄像机或单摄像机视频监控中,识别跟踪目标的再次出现很重要.针对传统支持向量机方法在特征融合方面的缺陷,本文提出了一种新的基于在线多核学习的人体目标再现识别方法.该方法对跟踪目标视频前景图像序列提取具有互补性的视觉单词树直方图和全局颜色直方图二种特征,再采用多核学习方法在线训练人体目标视觉外观,从而得到多核特征融合模型.实验结果表明,该方法能快速训练人体目标外观模型,满足视频监控的实时要求,多核融合模型获得了比单一特征模型和单核支持向量机方法更高的识别性能.     

多核支持向量机多示例学习的行人再识别

行人再识别中的难点在于在不同摄像机中同一行人的图像差异较大,单一特征难以稳定地描述图像,而采用多种特征融合时无法准确分配权重。针对这一缺陷,本文提出了多核支持向量机多示例学习的行人再识别算法。首先提取行人在A、B摄像机下二张图片的分块HSV颜色特征和分块SIFT局部特征并构建词袋,将二者作为示例样本封装成包;其次对多核支持向量机模型进行了优化,采用高斯核和多项式核线性融合对包进行训练,并用多示例学习获得最优权重;最后本文算法在VIPe R标准数据集上进行了测试,识别准确率通过计算十次实验的平均准确度来获得,并用CMC曲线进行表示,同时也对样本的匹配结果进行排序。实验结果表明本文算法与多个优秀的算法相比,鲁棒性和识别准确度都获得了提高。     

基于多特征和多核学习的行人检测方法的研究

行人检测系统涉及交通安全问题,需要很高的鲁棒性,基于单特征结合单核支持向量机的方法效果有限,为解决这一问题,提出采用多特征和多核学习的方法来提升系统的鲁棒性,通过将积分信道特征、多层次导向边缘能量特征和CENTRIST特征分别与直方图交叉核、高斯核和多项式核进行线性组合,采用简单多核学习（Simple MKL）来分别计算核函数的权重系数,将多核学习方法与经典的梯度直方图特征/支持向量机、多尺度梯度直方图特征/直方图交叉核支持向量机和特征融合/直方图交叉核支持向量机的行人检测方法进行比较,实验表明所提出的行人检测算法的鲁棒性有明显提升。     

基于特征融合和交叉核SVM的快速行人检测方法

行人检测是目标识别领域的一大难点。现阶段用于行人检测的特征维数都比较高,为克服高维特征对实时性的影响,本文运用主元分析(PCA)对特征进行降维,加快检测速度。单一特征的信息有限,本文运用基于线性鉴别分析(LDA)的线性权重融合原则对一些底层特征(颜色、梯度、直方图)和多层次导向边缘能量特征进行特征融合使特征具有多源信息。且上述特征可采用积分图技术进行快速计算,所以行人检测系统的鲁棒性和实时性得到加强。在目标识别领域直方图交叉核支持向量机(HIKSVM)具有分类快,且准确率高的优点,采用其进行分类,系统实时性更进一步提升。实验表明本文方法检测速度和检测率优于经典的HOG+SVM算法。     

步态特征精密提取与身份认证

为更有效地检测人体目标,弥补单一模型在步态特征提取中的不足,提出了基于双模型的步态特征精密提取方法,且构建了基于步态特征进行身份认证的门禁监控实验平台.首先从摄像机捕获步态视频输入计算机,发现人体目标后对其进行检测与跟踪;然后分割人体轮廓并将其规格化叠加处理获取步态特征图;为精确提取步态特征,将人体整体模型与简化模型相结合,提取步态参数作为识别参量输入支持向量机（SVM）进行分类识别,正确识别率（PCR）为77%～80%.结果表明该方法有助于步态特征的精密提取,且实验平台能较好地自动监控人体目标并进行身份认证.     

HSV空间中基于区域边缘直方图的视频目标再识别算法

视频目标再识别涉及计算机视觉领域的运动目标检测、跟踪、图像处理、特征提取、特征匹配等.现提出一种基于前景检测、彩色区域边缘直方图(REH)的视频目标再识别算法.前景目标检测能有效消除背景像素产生的冗余特征,结合HSV空间中的彩色区域边缘直方图,增强了对目标的特征描述.实验在笔者建立数据集和3Dpes上取得了86.7%和51.5%的识别率,进一步提高了视频目标再识别的准确率.     

基于序贯蒙特卡罗的多线索目标跟踪算法

颜色直方图对噪声和部分遮挡不敏感,当背景颜色与目标颜色相近时,会影响跟踪效果.本文提出一种有效的基于多线索融合的序贯蒙特卡罗图像序列跟踪方法,采用颜色直方图和边缘直方图与序贯蒙特卡罗算法结合起采进行视频跟踪.颜色直方图和边缘直方图一起构建目标观测似然函数.在序贯蒙特卡罗方法的框架下,采用观测模型函数获取图像序列中目标位置的后验概率分布.实验结果表明,结合图像颜色与边缘特征,在序贯蒙特卡罗的框架下可以取得更为有效和稳健的跟踪效果.     

基于视觉词袋模型的茶机智能化控制方法

因3类名优茶在颜色上并无太大区分,纹理特征也不明显,所以在茶机智能化控制方法中主要依靠人为的主观判断进行名优茶分类,准确度较低。针对这个问题,提出一种基于视觉词袋模型的分类方法,首先对采集的茶叶图片通过数字图像处理的方法调整对比度,然后利用视觉词袋模型提取每一张图像的SIFT特征并生成视觉单词,最后将每一张图像表示成一个包含视觉单词的向量,输入到BP神经网络中进行训练并分类。实验结果表明:该方法合理有效,可以被广泛应用到茶叶分类问题中。     

基于视觉单词和语义映射的色情图像检测算法

针对传统类型的色情图像检测方法误检率高的问题,提出了一种基于多层视觉单词的检测方法.该方法首先对色情场景的各种视觉元素建立视觉单词,然后通过这些视觉单词建立更高层的编码,包括视觉词组和兴趣区域类别,从而实现对图像不同形态级别的描述与分析.图像的识别特征由相应的编码直方图组成,并将特征映射到一个低维空间中,使图像间的语义距离与空间距离相协调.该方法在各种图像测试中都表现出出色的性能,例如在人物类图像测试中,误检率比传统方法降低了40%.实验结果证明,多层单词体系能够更高效地分析色情图像等复杂场景.     

导引概率图与显著特征相结合的行人目标检测

研究了仿生人眼视觉注意机制,采用目标导引概率图作为自上而下的信息,通过调制基于目标显著特征的自下而上信息,实现行人目标检测的方法。首先,对相似场景的目标样本图像提取尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)特征,基于贝叶斯公式,采用高斯混合模型(GMM)建立目标导引概率模型,利用期望最大(EM)算法和狄利克雷过程(DP)自动估计模型参数;进而,对一副待检测图像,采用已估概率模型计算图像中每一像元的目标似然性,形成导引概率图作为自上而下的信息;同时,针对行人目标,模拟中央-外周机制计算多尺度的肤色特征和竖直方向特征,形成基于目标显著特征的自下而上信息;最后,将两者结合得到候选目标区域,再通过提取候选区域的积分梯度直方图和等价的局部二值模式(LBP)特征,输入到级联支持向量机(SVM)分类器,验证并得到目标检测结果。基于实拍数据库和复旦大学-宾夕法尼亚大学行人数据库的大量实验表明,对概率模型的这种改进能显著提升行人目标预测效果,且检测算法在整体上优于传统检测算法。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...