准好氧填埋垃圾渗滤液全循环处理的影响因素研究

对准好氧垃圾填埋所产生的垃圾渗滤液进行全循环处理,考察了水力负荷和回灌次数对渗滤液除污效果的影响。正交试验结果表明,水力负荷是影响渗滤液中污染物去除效果的关键因素,回灌次数则为次要因素;较优的水力负荷和回灌次数分别为15.9 L/(m2.d)和3次/d,此时对渗滤液中COD、BOD5、NH4+-N的去除率分别为99.3%、99.7%和98.7%。     

BAC深度处理垃圾渗滤液生化尾水的试验研究

采用自制柑橘皮活性炭构建生物活性炭反应器(BAC),并以重庆某垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液生化尾水为处理对象,通过考察柑橘皮BAC反应器在不同水力负荷下对污染物的去除效果,得到反应器运行的最佳水力负荷。当控制进水COD为300～400 mg/L、色度为110～200倍、氨氮为40～60 mg/L、总氮为45～80 mg/L时,柑橘皮BAC反应器在水力负荷为2.25 m3/(m2.d)的情况下能够稳定运行,对COD、色度、NH3-N和TN的平均去除率分别达到75.3%、78.7%、90.6%和48.9%,处理出水水质能够满足垃圾渗滤液排放新标准——《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)的要求。     

生物接触氧化/垂直流人工湿地处理城市生活污水

采用生物接触氧化和复合垂直流人工湿地的组合工艺处理城市生活污水,考察了对主要污染指标的去除效果.结果表明:与不曝气和连续曝气相比,在间歇曝气条件下,组合工艺对COD和氮的去除率较高.在进水负荷为0.8m3/(m2·d)、水力停留时间为1d、曝气量为4.038m3/(m2·d)、曝气/停曝周期为20 min/60 min的条件下,组合工艺对COD、NH4+-N、TN的去除率分别为80.37％、98.32％、80.22％,出水COD、NH4+-N、TN浓度均达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级A标准.     

O-A-O曝气生物滤池对COD和NH3-N去除效果的试验研究

O-A-O曝气生物滤池对COD和NH3-N的去除效果进行实验研究,并在各个阶段对比中找出最优的运行工况,从而达到节约能源,降低运行成本的目的。研究结果表明,在进水水力负荷为1m3/m·2h～3m3/m·2h、有机负荷为4kgCOD/(m·3d)～13kgCOD/(m·3d)及气水比1:1～4:1的工艺条件下、COD和NH3-N的去除率达到65%～81%和51%～74%。     

低温强化曝气潜流湿地净化生活污水研究

为了使潜流湿地出水水质能够满足日益严格的污水排放标准,以砾石/石灰石潜流湿地为研究对象,通过增加底部曝气的方式来提高其对污染物的去除效率。在分析不同气水比、水力负荷对湿地净化性能影响的基础上,考察了在冬季水温为5~10℃、水力负荷为0.25 m/d、前端曝气且气水比为3∶1时曝气潜流湿地对COD、NH3-N和TP的去除效果。低温时曝气潜流湿地系统出水COD、NH3-N和TP的平均浓度分别为39.1、5.46和0.45 mg/L,达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准。说明增加底部曝气可以提高潜流湿地在冬季低温条件下的除污效果。     

间歇曝气、连续流生物膜反应器的除磷效能

针对连续流生物膜法除磷效能低的问题,开发了基于间歇曝气、回流富磷污水的连续流生物膜反应器(CIBFR),并考察了溶解氧、负荷、间歇曝气工况对其除磷效能的影响.在温度为20℃、溶解氧为5.5 mg/L、负荷为2.2 kg/( m3·d)、间歇曝气工况为厌氧3h/好氧6h以及进水COD和P043--P平均浓度分别为280和3.10 mg/L的条件下,出水COD和PO34- -P平均浓度分别为76和0.67 mg/L,去除率分别为72.9％和78.5％.     

Biostyr曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的影响因素

青岛市麦岛污水处理厂采用以聚苯乙烯小球为填料的曝气生物滤池(Biostyr BAF)处理城市污水,研究了水力负荷、气水比、进水COD和NH3-N负荷对Biostyr BAF处理效能的影响.结果表明:在进水COD和NH3-N浓度分别为(60.6 ～215.8)和(8.1 ～41.2) mg/L的条件下,Biostyr BAF的最佳水力负荷为1.0～1.3 m3/(m2·h),最佳气水比为(4:1)～(5:1),最佳COD负荷为2.5～3.7 kg/(m3·d),最佳NH3-N负荷为0.18 ～0.57 kg/(m3·d);在上述最佳运行条件下,滤池出水水质优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级B标准;水力负荷、气水比和进水污染物负荷偏高或偏低均不利于Biostyr BAF的高效、稳定运行.     

SBR法处理垃圾渗滤液与粪水的混合液

采用有效容积为1200m3的SBR反应器处理垃圾渗滤液与市政粪水的混合液,探讨了对两者进行混合处理的可行性.反应器对COD、BOD5、TN、NH+4-N和TP的平均去除率分别达到92.12%、98.48%、81.45%、99.68%和96.52%,相应的平均去除负荷分别为145.75、51.51、22.73、25.04和0.53g/(kgSS·d).当控制C/N在5.0～6.5之间时,对TN的平均去除率可达81.45%,对COD的平均去除率为92.46%,出水COD≤450 mg/L、BOD5≤30 mg/L、NH+4-N≤10mg/L、TN≤180mg/L、TP≤1.0mg/L、色度≤320倍.SBR反应器对垃圾渗滤液和粪水的混合处理效果较好,粪水的混入可有效提高垃圾渗滤液的可生化性以及反应器对TN和TP的去除率,有效解决了垃圾渗滤液中TN去除的难题;同时,反应器内可能存在比短程硝化反硝化消耗更少碳源的脱氮反应形式,但出水COD浓度仍略高.     

准好氧生物反应器处理渗滤液系统的驯化研究

将准好氧填埋技术与矿化垃圾技术相结合在实验室内构建了模拟准好氧生物反应器垃圾处理系统,以室内埋龄为3年的矿化垃圾填充准好氧生物反应器,以室内模拟垃圾填埋柱产生的新鲜渗滤液为处理对象,考察了混合培养法、容积负荷渐增法和水力负荷渐增法对反应器内微生物的驯化效果.结果表明,混合培养法较负荷渐增法的驯化效果好,在驯化结束时,采用混合培养法的反应器出水COD为305 mg/L,NH3-N为0.6 mg/L,TN为38.7 mg/L;驯化时间越长则驯化效果越好,同是容积负荷渐增法,经过30 d分阶段驯化和经过20 d分阶段驯化的反应器,其出水COD分别为381 mg/L和1 311 mg/L,NH3-N分别为0.8 mg/L和5.0 mg/L.在准好氧生物反应器处理渗滤液系统的工程应用中,对微生物的驯化可首选混合培养法,同时应保证一定的驯化时间.     

接触氧化/厌氧氨氧化/微波工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

采用生物处理/厌氧氨氧化/物化处理组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,系统能稳定运行且对污染物的去除效果较好.组合工艺对垃圾渗滤液中COD的平均去除率为94.97％,出水COD平均为47.5 mg/L;对NH3 -N的平均去除率为98.53％,出水NH3 -N平均为14.62 mg/L;对TN的平均去除率为98.23％,出水TN平均为21.3 mg/L;对TP的平均去除率为69.82％,出水TP平均为2.22 mg/L.渗滤液出水COD、NH3-N、TN、TP浓度均满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)的一级标准.     

收集层结构对准好氧填埋渗滤液水质的影响

在准好氧填埋工艺中,渗滤液收集层可在填埋场底部形成一个好氧生物滤床。采用6组准好氧填埋柱研究了收集层结构对渗滤液降解效果的影响,其中1#～4#柱的渗滤液收集层分别为60、120、180、240 mm高的砾石,5#柱的为180 mm高的卵石,6#柱的为180 mm高的砾石/60mm高的陶粒。监测表明,垃圾填埋柱内的氧浓度表现为上层>中层>下层,具有明显的空间层次效应。经过35周后,对渗滤液中COD、氨氮的去除率分别达到(95.1%～97.7%)、(89.3%～96.8%)。增加渗滤液收集层高度能提高对COD和氨氮的去除率;卵石渗滤液收集层对COD和氨氮的去除效果较砾石的差;在砾石收集层表面增加陶粒可以提高后期对难降解COD的去除效果。     

Landfill Lining for Leachate Containment

There is an increasing need for engineered liners to prevent the escape of leachate and to control the migration of landfill gas. This has been influenced by new European and UK legislation and codes of practice.
General principles of site design are explained, followed by a review of the advantages and disadvantages of different liner systems, including mineral liners (natural clay, mudrocks and soil/bentonite admixtures), geomembranes and composite liners.
The need for conservative factors of safety in site design and high standards of quality control, involving full-time supervision and independent certification of the installation works, are considered essential to ensure the effectiveness of the barrier.
There is no one ideal liner material. Composite mineral/geomembrane liners provide the highest degree of security against leakage and, as such, should be considered as 'the norm'rather than for use only in particularly high-risk situations.     

南方山谷型填埋场渗滤液产量及水位控制措施

在我国南方建成的第一批山谷型填埋场大多存在渗滤液产量大、堆体中渗滤液水位高的问题。基于对南方几个典型填埋场的现场调查和相关测试结果,从水量平衡的角度分析了影响山谷型填埋场渗滤液产量的关键因素,探讨了我国现有山谷型垃圾填埋场在渗滤液产量及水位控制方面存在的问题,并借鉴国内外相关工程经验教训提出了一些改进措施(包括采用带有垂直防渗体的截洪沟来控制场外汇水区域地下径流补给量、采用新型临时覆盖材料及工艺避免在堆体中形成渗滤液阻滞层、渗滤液收集与导排系统的防淤堵设计及淤堵反冲洗维护措施等)。     

Leachate treatment with nitrification of ammonia

Results are presented on the treatment of leachate to remove ammonia by biological nitrification. Outdoor activated sludge and trickling filter pilot plants were operated for 2 years at a major co-disposal landfill. Leachate ammonia nitrogen concentrations ranged from 150 to 550 mg l^?1 while TOC concentrations ranged from 200 to 500 mg l^?1. Very little of the TOC was degradable and BOD: NH₃-N ratios were typically 1:3.Nitrification was successfully established in both plants, and curves were established for the response of the kinetics to different temperatures. Maximum ammonia removal rate in the activated sludge plant was at least 131 g N kg VSS^?1 day^?1 achieved at an average temperature of 13°C. Maximum removal rate in the trickling filter was 309 mg N m^?2 day^?1, at 16°C.Operating problems and strategies for full-scale treatment are discussed.     

浓缩液回灌对垃圾填埋体水位及稳定性的影响

成都长安填埋场渗滤液反渗透处理工艺日产260 t浓缩液,拟在填埋场进行回灌处理,回灌工程实施前需评估回灌工程对垃圾填埋体稳定性的影响.在该填埋场工程地质与水文地质勘查结果的基础上,利用GMS软件开展了垃圾填埋体非饱和一饱和三维渗流分析,模拟和预测了浓缩液回灌前后填埋体内渗滤液水位变化.基于渗流分析结果,利用Slope/...     

Leachate Collection, Treatment and Disposal

As landfills become larger, the enormous quantities of putrescible wastes which they contain have increased the potential to generate highly polluting leachates as they decompose anaerobically over many years. If severe environmental impacts are to be avoided, operators must control these liquors: many landfill proposals stand or fall on the ability of the operator to demonstrate that leachate can be collected, managed and disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. During the early years of tipping in containment cells, high BOD and COD values (to 50 000 mg/l or more) are measured, with very high ammonia concentrations (to more than 1000 mg/l as N) persisting for many years.
The authors have been involved with the full-scale on-site treatment of leachates to high standards in automated aerated lagoon plants since the early 1980s. The first plant was constructed in 1982, and a further seven have since been built at landfills throughout the UK, with many more at various stages of design and construction – both in the UK and overseas.
This paper describes detailed operational experiences from several of these landfill sites, with particular emphasis on the reduction of ammonia concentrations to low values. The use of reed-bed treatment schemes as effluent polishing facilities is also discussed.     

Leachate Ammonia Flushing from Landfill Simulators

The operational management of landfills is currently being reviewed in the UK and Europe. In the UK, the 'flushing bioreactor' approach to landfilling involves (a) enhancing microbially mediated degradation of domestic waste to promote rapid waste stabilization, (b) increased methane recovery, and (c) reduced timescales to final landfill stabilization. Flushing oeprations under bioreactive conditions could be used to optimize the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from landfilled waste. In this study, the flushing of ammonia from pulverized domestic waste was investigated using laboratory-scale test cells to simulate landfill conditions. A simple mathematical model, based on test-cell water balance, was used to describe the latter stages of ammonia reduction.     

等离子体技术用于垃圾渗滤液预处理

采用高压脉冲放电产生非平衡等离子体对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理，通过改变放电次数、渗滤液的pH值以及起始COD、BOD5、NH3-N浓度来考察预处理的效果。试验表明该技术是可行的，预处理后很多难降解有机物变成了可降解物质，渗滤液的COD与BOD，值升高(放电一次后COD与BOD5升高幅度最大可达到30％以上)。同时大部分的氨氮可被去除，不调节pH值时放电一次的氨氮去除率平均在30％～40％，调节pH值后去除率可达到60％以上。     

垃圾渗滤液处理工程电气设计

总结了垃圾渗滤液处理工程的设计经验,探讨了其供配电特点、供电方案原则、设备选型原则、用电负荷等级、控制与联锁、照明、防雷接地、弱电方案设计的方法等,可供相关工程参考.