高分子材料抗静电技术与应用

介绍抗静电高分子材料的研究概况。重点阐述目前提高高分子材料抗静电性能采取的主要方法:添加抗静电剂法、与结构型导电高分子材料共混法和添加导电填料法。分析了这些方法改进高分子材料的抗静电性能的特点,并介绍其应用情况。指出抗静电高分子材料的发展趋势。     

聚烯烃抗静电/导电复合材料的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外聚烯烃材料抗静电方法的研究进展,包括抗静电剂的外部涂覆法、内部混炼法以及添加导电填料法。按照上述方法所用抗静电剂及导电填料的品种分类总结,分析对比各自的实施方式、导电机理及抗静电效果。重点介绍碳系导电添加剂及导电高分子用于聚烯烃材料抗静电性能的研究现状,展望了未来聚烯烃抗静电改性的发展趋势。     

导电炭黑对木粉/PP复合材料抗静电及力学性能的影响

文章对比分析了非离子型抗静电剂、高分子型抗静电剂与导电炭黑对木粉/PP复合材料的抗静电作用,重点探讨了导电炭黑的添加量对其抗静电及力学性能的影响。结果表明:与非离子型抗静电剂、高分子型抗静电剂相比,导电炭黑对木粉/PP复合材料的抗静电作用效果更优;当导电炭黑的添加量达到8份时,复合材料的表面电阻率和体积电阻率分别达到1.64×10~8?和2.54×10~8?·cm,具有较好的抗静电效果;在马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)的存在下,导电炭黑提高了木粉/PP复合材料的抗弯性能。     

碳纤维协同碳纳米管改性聚乳酸的性能研究

选用可完全生物降解的聚乳酸材料作为导电抗静电聚合物复合材料的基体,以阵列碳纳米管(CNT)为主要电介质,碳纤维(CF)为增强材料和辅助导电剂,采用熔融共混法制备生物降解导电高分子材料。研究表明,含2%碳纳米管的聚乳酸(PLA)表面电阻率可达到1010Ω/sq,即可达到抗静电材料的要求;添加1%的碳纤维(CF),制备成PLA/CNT/CF导电复合材料,碳纤维不但可以提高材料的导电性能,还显著改善材料的拉伸强度和冲击性能,导电性和冲击强度均提高了4倍。     

木粉/PVC复合材料抗静电与力学性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混,热压成型的方法制备抗静电PVC木塑复合材料。对其表面电阻、体积电阻和力学性能进行测试表征。结果表明,当导电炭黑的添加量超过14份时,复合材料电阻开始急剧下降,在含量为18份左右时已经达到抗静电材料的要求;高分子抗静电剂ATMER129的加入使得复合材料表现出较好的抗静电性能,随着添加量的增加材料的表面电阻呈下降趋势,当含量到达10份时,复合材料的体积电阻率迅速下降;力学性能分析表明:当炭黑添加量超过12份时,复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度明显下降;ATMER129对复合材料冲击强度影响不大,弯曲强度则随着用量的升高而降低。     

导电高分子材料的导电原理及制备方法

阐述了导电高分子材料的导电原理，即导电回路的形成和导电方式，介绍了导电高分子材料的制备方法：复合型导电高分子材料采用镀金属膜、加导电粉末、导电纤维、抗静电剂等物理方法制得，结构型导电高分子材料采用无规共聚、接枝共聚的掺杂的化学方法制得。     

HDPE抗静电复合材料性能的研究

本文介绍通过在ＨＤＰＥ中添加经表面处理的高导电炭黑，制备炭黑／ＨＤＰＥ抗静电复合材料，研究了炭黑含量对炭黑／ＨＤＰＥ抗静电性能、拉伸和流变性能的影响。由于采用高导电炭黑为导电填料，炭黑的加入量（质量分数）为１０％～１５％时，就能制得具有抗静电性能的复合材料；由于对炭黑进行了表面处理，改善了炭黑与ＨＤＰＥ的相容性，使所制复合材料的拉伸强度下降较少，材料呈假塑性流体特征，非牛顿粘度随炭黑含量提高有一定程度的升高，但材料的非牛顿性变化不大。     

导电高分子材料研究进展

与传统导电材料相比较，导电高分子材料具有许多独特的性能。导电高聚物可用作雷达吸波材料、电磁屏蔽材料、抗静电材料等。介绍了导电高分子材料的概念、分类、导电机理及其应用领域，综述了近些年来国内外科研工作者对导电高聚物的研究进展状况并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

聚合物抗静电材料的研究与发展

论述了聚合物抗静电材料的研究现状,着重介绍在聚合物材料中添加表面活性剂或高分子型永久抗静电剂,以及在基体聚合物中填充无机导电填料或结构型导电聚合物的技术进展,并指出了聚合物抗静电材料的发展方向。     

聚丙烯抗静电改性的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外提高PP抗静电性能方法的研究进展,包括抗静电剂涂敷法、抗静电剂内加法、导电材料添加法、抗静电剂复合法。最后展望了PP抗静电改性的发展趋势。     

聚合物基抗静电复合材料研究进展

对导电填料填充聚合物基抗静电复合材料的研究进展进行了综述,展望了聚合物基抗静电复合材料的发展趋势。     

Synthesis and characterization of new oligomeric/polymeric antistatic additives for sheet molding composites

For various applications it is necessary to lower the specific surface resistivity of polymers in an electrostatically conductive area. To improve the antistatic properties of sheet molding composites (SMC) usually conductive inorganic additives, like carbon black, inorganic salts, metal powder, or CNTs, are mixed physically into the matrix. A newly developed concept for antistatic treatment is using oligomeric/polymeric additives, which are synthesized on the base of ingredients of the used polymeric matrix itself. The received additives are compatible with the matrix. Furthermore, the migration of the additives to the surface is prevented and in the case they exhibit double bonds they are able to be linked in the polymeric network permanently by covalent bonds. So unsaturated, polymer‐based antistatic additives with ionic units were developed for unsaturated polyester resin based SMC. The synthesis was realized by polymer analogous reactions and polycondensation reactions from monomer building blocks with ionic units. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44741.     

新型炭黑填充抗静电和导电聚丙烯复合材料

以炭黑为导电填料,在聚丙烯中加入适量的环氧树脂和玻璃纤维,制备了新型的抗静电和导电聚丙烯复合材料。测定了不同复合体系的渗滤阈值,用扫描电镜(SEM)对相形貌进行了观察,并研究了环氧树脂和玻璃纤维用量对体积电阻率的影响。SEM照片表明在新型复合材料中,炭黑优先分布在环氧树脂中,环氧树脂包覆在玻璃纤维表面,通过玻璃纤维间的搭接形成导电通路。这种独特的结构使该复合材料的渗滤阈值低于聚丙烯/炭黑和聚丙烯/环氧树脂/炭黑复合体系的渗滤阈值。玻璃纤维和环氧树脂含量分别需要达到约10%,复合材料才能具有抗静电和导电作用。     

Electrically conductive polymer composites and blends

Increasing utilization of the electrical properties of polymeric blends and composites has prompted our renewed interest in developing a general working relationship which can explain the electrical properties of polymer composites and blends in terms of processing characteristics, morphology, and compositions. Here, we restrict our attention to the following two-component systems: (1) two component systems with conductive particulate inclusions (e.g. carbon black) embedded in a continuous polymeric matrix, and (2) two component polymer blend systems with one conductive polymer (e.g., polyether copolymer) dispersed in another continuous polymeric matrix. The following processing aspects related to the electrical property of particulate filled composites are discussed: (1) critical concentration of rigid conductive fillers, ?_c, and (2) redistribution of conductive fillers upon processing. An equation based on the crowding factor of concentrated suspension rheology and Janzen's particle contacts percolation is proposed to describe the relationship between ?_c, and the maximum packing fraction of conductive fillers. The relationship is used to explain the influence of particle morphology on conductivity, and the conductivity difference in the high shear and the low shear region of a processed polymer composite part. Furthermore, some qualitative guidelines for blending a low conductivity polyether copolymer to achieve an overall balance of antistatic and mechanical properties of polymer blends are also discussed.     

抗静电PVC-U复合材料的性能研究

将炭黑或石墨作为导电填料,制备了一系列PVC-U抗静电复合材料。研究了导电填料品种与用量及加工条件对PVC-U复合材料的导电性能、加工性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:炭黑与石墨在PVC树脂中呈连续网络状不均匀分散;当炭黑含量低时,制品既具有良好的导电性能,又具有良好的熔体流动性。     

溶剂-非溶剂法制备抗静电硝化棉复合材料及其性能表征

以硝化棉和导电填料为原料,采用溶剂-非溶剂法制备了抗静电硝化棉复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、体积表面电阻测定仪、非接触式静电压测试仪、热分析仪表征了抗静电硝化棉复合材料的微观形貌、抗静电性能及热分解性能。结果表明,导电填料质量分数为0.6%的抗静电硝化棉复合材料内部导电网络分布均匀、完整,体积电阻率和表面电阻率分别为1.02×109Ω·m和4.66×1010Ω,较硝化棉分别降低5个数量级和3个数量级,达到GJB2527-1995弹药防静电要求,且制备过程中静电电位为0.20kV,较硝化棉降低77.8%,显示了良好的抗静电性能;其表观分解热为259.4J/g,较硝化棉提高81.4J/g。     

Preparation and characterization of antistatic packaging for electronic components based on poly(lactic acid)/carbon black composites

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable aliphatic polymer obtained from renewable sources; its main application is in the packaging sector. Electronic components require the use of antistatic packaging that prevents damage and electric shock. As PLA has no conductive characteristics, it requires the addition of allotropic carbon forms such as conductive carbon black to make the polymer less resistive as the dissipative material and making it suitable for the manufacture of antistatic packaging. In this study, PLA was melt blended with 5, 10, and 15 wt % of carbon black. The composites were prepared using a high-speed mixer. Samples were characterized by Izod impact resistance tests, scanning electron microscopy, thermal properties, electrical characterization, and biodegradation tests in garden soil. The addition of carbon black in the PLA matrix increases the temperature of degradation and decreases the crystallinity degree and the impact resistance of the composites. However, carbon black is a great option to increase the electrical conductivity of PLA. The addition of carbon black in PLA makes the composite less resistive and suitable for use as antistatic packaging for the transportation and storage of electronic components. Furthermore, this composite does not cause damage to the environment as the carbon black does not interfere in the degradation mechanism of PLA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47273.     

聚己内酯接枝改性MWNTs对PVC抗静电性能的影响

采用酸化、酰氯化、接枝等一系列反应成功地在MWNTs表面接枝聚己内酯(PCL),并通过红外光谱、拉曼光谱、热重、透射电镜等方法对其结构进行了表征。采用双辊塑炼后压制成型的方法制备了PVC/改性MWNTs纳米复合材料,并对其抗静电性能进行了测试表征及初步探讨了其导电机理。     

聚酯/碳纳米管导电纤维结构与性能的研究

通过双螺杆挤出机制备聚酯／碳纳米管(PET／CNTs)导电复合材料,为保证CNTs在PET中分散均匀,同时加入了矿物偶联剂,经扫描电镜分析,加入相对CNTs质量分数为50％矿物偶联剂能帮助CNTs在PET基体中均匀分散。PET复合材料中加入质量分数约为2％的CNTs可以使其体积电阻率从1014下降到102数量级。采用复合纺丝获得了导电纤维,分别在PET织物和羊毛织物中,添加相对织物质量分数为25％,3％的PET／CNTs导电纤维,可使相应织物具有优良的抗静电效果。