面向产品制造全过程的企业信息集成平台研究

为有效整合企业信息资源,实现产品制造过程各环节的协同,通过对多品种小批量企业生产运作方式特点的分析,建立了企业生产流程模型,并设计开发了面向产品制造全过程的信息集成平台.该平台主要包括生产任务、技术信息、制造资源、工作成绩、数据统计与分析等五个子系统.详细介绍了系统的体系结构与功能设计方案.经实际应用表明,该平台实现了生产计划、工艺与工装设计、生产准备与调度、零部件加工与检验等产品制造过程各个环节的信息集成与协同工作,是一个功能较完善的企业级信息资源共享系统.     

航空制造业虚拟企业协作平台设计研究

航空制造业虚拟企业的生产计划和控制有赖于联盟企业的信息协作。虚拟企业协作平台使航空制造业生产网络内部不同企业主体之间的知识与技术的传递与转移机制与路径得以实现。本文设计的CSSCM平台提供的企业服务和项目服务,主要功能有保障全局信息与共享信息的传递与转移,内部信息的控制和维护,同时其协同管理的功能能将分布式协同项目管理与协作支持技术进行有机的结合,有力地保障航空制造业虚拟企业间信息的处理与传递。     

网络化制造关键技术信息流的研究

动态联盟各盟员间信息的集成与共享是实现网络化制造的基础和核心,针对分布、异构、异质网络化制造环境的特点,该文提出实现网络化制造信息集成与共享的总体解决方案:基于STEP标准信息的表达和产品的建模;基于XML、VRML信息的传输;基于ASP技术信息的存取;基于CORBA规范信息系统的集成和软件的互操作性。最终实现信息流在分布、异构、异质网络化制造环境中高效的传输,动态联盟各盟员间信息的实时共享。     

面向全生命周期的服务制造网络建模研究*

服务型制造是企业间通过相互服务实现协同和创新,企业间的相互服务聚集成了复杂的网络关系。如何描述和分析这种关系是研究维护并优化协同制造关系的前提。针对服务型制造发展的需要,提出了面向全生命周期的服务制造网络建模方法。首先深入分析了服务型制造网络的概念和特点以及产品与服务的关系;然后根据产品BOM建立了满足服务制造的BOM,在此基础上,构建了设计、制造、维护三种基本形态的全生命周期的服务型制造网络模型。     

浅谈人机工程分析软件在虚拟制造中的应用

在当前社会中,世界各地的企业之间竞争意识在增强,决定制造企业全球竞争能力的主要指标之一就是产品的开发时间、产品成本、产品质量以及产品应用.目前使用相对于广泛的就是“虚拟制造”技术,而人机工程分析则是虚拟制造”技术其中的一部分.为了适应目前市场的多变性质,减少企业成本和制作周期, “虚拟制造”技术逐渐成为最突出的一种.它能够在产品设计初期和开发的各个阶段有效的把握制造过程各个阶段的实际情况,同事也能有效的协调设计与制造各阶段之间的关系,以便使企业整体全局达到最优益.     

虚拟团队:一个典型的CSCW应用系统

虚拟企业的出现,带来了企业产品开发模式及对应的组织形式的转变。虚拟企业下,产品开发的一种重要组织形式就是虚拟团队。文章先将传统产品开发模式与虚拟企业的产品开发模式进行对照,然后提出了虚拟团队的概念,重点分析了虚拟团队作为一个典型的CSCW应用系统其角色分工和内在的协作机制,最后指出了虚拟团队进行协同工作所需的技术支持。     

A standard manufacturing information model to support design for manufacturing in virtual enterprises

Manufacturing enterprises are being forced into greater collaboration with customers and suppliers in order to produce quality products in smaller batches, shorter lead times and with greater variety. Consequently, the design-for-manufacturing task must be conducted in these virtual and distributed enterprises across traditional organizational boundaries. This paper proposes the use of standard information models to support the product realization process. While extensive work has been performed in developing product data models little effort has been performed in developing a manufacturing model. The design-for-manufacturing stages are identified with their requisite information requirements. Different approaches used to model various aspects of manufacturing processes are reviewed and found inadequate for supporting the entire design-for-manufacturing task. The development of a standard manufacturing systems information model written in EXPRESS and based upon the modelling me thodology adhered to by standard for the exchange of product (STEP) is proposed to fill the void. Initial developments in this area are discussed, the model is illustrated with an example, and the potential benefits to manufacturing are reviewed.     

支持动态联盟的车间控制信息系统框架模型

随着世界市场的不断变化与市场竞争的加剧, 动态联盟将成为新的企业组织形态,动态联盟环境下企业间信息流的管理和控制问题越来越 受到人们的重视．车间控制器的设计和开发也必须适应动态联盟的需要．本文对敏捷制造信 息系统（AMIS）和车间的信息流程进行了分析和探讨,结合现有的网络技术、代理技术以及 分布工作流技术,提出了支持动态联盟的车间控制信息系统框架模型．     

An evaluation framework for deploying Web Services in the next generation manufacturing enterprise

In today's competitive manufacturing environment, the ability to effectively and efficiently manage the flow of information is a vital competency. Manufacturing enterprises must be able to integrate their internal business processes horizontally and vertically, and they are increasingly required to support federated business processes with other members of their respective virtual value chains. Web Services, an emerging form of service-oriented architecture for distributed computing, have the potential to serve as a key enabling technology to support these requirements. Leveraging the inherent interoperability of Internet and Worldwide Web technologies, they enable cooperative processing across heterogeneous computing environments. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the viability of Web Services technologies to be incorporated into enterprise information architectures to support the business needs and requirements of next generation manufacturing enterprises. It examines economic, technical, and organizational contexts that will influence the ability of manufacturing-related enterprises to deploy advanced information architectures based on Web Services to support the complex business processes needed to collaborate with suppliers, customers, and other stakeholders in virtual enterprise environments.     

VirMIC—一个基于Internet的IC虚拟制造环境

该文展示了一个Internet环境下的集成电路虚拟制造环境VirMIC,着重于系统的三个核心模块,即电路性能仿真与成品率优化模块、工艺线仿真与调度模块和产品决策模块,电路性能仿真与成品率优化模块,建立了一个基于OO-DCE的技术CAD环境,以这个环境为依托,通过协调效益和成品率进行了工艺流程的可制造性优化设计;工艺线仿真与调度模块,以一定的工艺流程和制造系统配置为基础,建立制造系统Petri网模型,从而进行系统性能仿真和生产调度,对制造系统的整体性能进行优化;产品决策模块以前两个模块为基础,对如何选择合作伙伴,如何在合作伙伴之间分配用户提交的制造负荷,为构成“虚拟企业”提供指导性信息,以上三个模块构成了Vir-MIC系统的功能核心。     

虚拟企业中的信息集成技术

研究了利用Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ和分布对象等相关技术实现在虚拟企业中集成制造信息,这种集成涉及网络通信、产品建模和软件互操作方面的国际标准：Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ和ＷＷＷ、ＳＴＥＰ、ＣＯＲＢＡ,三种技术的综合应用为面向Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的制造信息集成和制造软件互操作提供了基础,成为成立虚拟企业的基本技术条件。     

A digital twin-based multidisciplinary collaborative design approach for complex engineering product development

With the ever-increasing demand for personalized product functions, product structure becomes more and more complex. To design a complex engineering product, it involves mechanical, electrical, automation and other relevant fields, which requires a closer multidisciplinary collaborative design (MCD) and integration. However, the traditional design method lacks multidisciplinary coordination, which leads to interaction barriers between design stages and disconnection between product design and prototype manufacturing. To bridge the gap, a novel digital twin-enabled MCD approach is proposed. Firstly, the paper explores how to converge the MCD into the digital design process of complex engineering products in a cyber-physical system manner. The multidisciplinary collaborative design is divided into three parts: multidisciplinary knowledge collaboration, multidisciplinary collaborative modeling and multidisciplinary collaborative simulation, and the realization methods are proposed for each part. To be able to describe the complex product in a virtual environment, a systematic MCD framework based on the digital twin is further constructed. Integrate multidisciplinary collaboration into three stages: conceptual design, detailed design and virtual verification. The ability to verify and revise problems arising from multidisciplinary fusions in real-time minimizes the number of iterations and costs in the design process. Meanwhile, it provides a reference value for complex product design. Finally, a design case of an automatic cutting machine is conducted to reveal the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于UML的模具企业动态联盟框架设计

单个模具企业设计与生产能力不足问题的解决途径是建立动态联盟,而动态联盟建立过程的关键是系统模型.因此,采用UML统一建模语言设计了一个模具企业动态联盟框架模型.系统结构为分层结构;系统功能包括基本信息管理、加盟企业信息管理、生产信息管理、分析控制管理.系统的静态模型使用静态结构图、组件图和用例图描述,系统的动态模型使用序列图、活动图等描述,数据库模型使用类图描述,并给出了模具企业动态联盟各成员与市场机遇目标的依赖关系.     

Improving active participation during enterprise operations modeling with an extended story-card-method and participative modeling software

The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the need for process automation, using agile software development practices. However, when agile methods are used in scaled contexts, many software development efforts fail, mainly due to lacking requirements engineering practices. When business-oriented software needs to be developed within a scaled context, the story-card method (SCM), developed as part of a previous study, assists in structuring emerging software requirements within a taxonomy that represents enterprise operation. The SCM helps agile team members to develop a common understanding about enterprise operation when they construct the enterprise operation taxonomy. Digital participatory enterprise modeling (PEM) may increase collaboration and understanding among team members, especially when team members are geographically dispersed, when they co-model their understanding of enterprise operations. Using design science research to further evolve the existing SCM, we identified two concerns regarding the existing SCM: (1) The modeling software did not encourage active participation during modeling, and (2) Low quality of the resulting cooperation structure diagram (CSD) that is used to derive an enterprise operation taxonomy, i.e., the need to further extend the existing SCM. As main contribution of this article, we addressed previous deficiencies of the SCM, developing an extended SCM (eSCM), based on principles and guidelines that would encourage online participation during PEM, also providing a comprehensive case to demonstrate the eSCM. As a second contribution, we used survey-feedback from research participants, as well as activity tracking to evaluate whether the modeling tool encouraged active PEM. Our third contribution is to evaluate the quality of the resulting CSDs with suggestions for future improvement.

     

Manufacturing enterprise collaboration based on a goal-oriented fuzzy trust evaluation model in a virtual enterprise

To cope with the rapidly changing manufacturing environment, enterprise collaboration is getting increasingly more attention than ever before. The virtual enterprise (VE) is a concept that supports temporary alliances of manufacturing enterprises that have various collaboration models, such as extended enterprise, networked enterprise, concurrent enterprise, etc. Selection of trustworthy partners and trust building are important in virtual domains because they have largely been affecting the success of a VE. However, because of its complexity of trust, trust models in the literature are limited in their ability to cope with dynamic and virtual environment. In this paper, we propose a trust evaluation method of supporting enterprise collaboration and maximizing the satisfaction of cooperation. In this context, trust means the goal achievement probability. Trust value of an enterprise can be obtained by a fuzzy inference system whose rule-base is based on the top-level goal of a VE. According to the selector’s preference, various rules can be applied to trust evaluation. For further study, the planning and scheduling problems should be considered along with the trust-based partner selection for collaboration among manufacturing enterprises.     

How to model and implement connections between physical and virtual models for digital twin application

Digital twin (DT) is a virtual mirror (representation) of a physical world or a system along its lifecycle. As for a complex discrete manufacturing system (DMS), it is a digital model for emulating or reproducing the functions or actions of a real manufacturing system by giving the system simulation information or directly driven by a real system with proper connections between the DT model and the real-world system. It is a key building block for smart factory and manufacturing under the Industry 4.0 paradigm. The key research question is how to effectively create a DT model during the design stage of a complex manufacturing system and to make it usable throughout the system’s lifecycle such as the production stage. Given that there are some existing discussions on DT framework development, this paper focuses on the modeling methods for rapidly creating a virtual model and the connection implementation mechanism between a physical world production system at a workshop level and its mirrored virtual model. To reach above goals, in this paper, the discrete event system (DES) modeling theory is applied to the three-dimension DT model. First, for formally representing a manufacturing system and creating its virtual model, seven basic elements: controller, executor, processor, buffer, flowing entity, virtual service node and logistics path of a DMS have been identified and the concept of the logistics path network and the service cell is introduced to uniformly describe a manufacturing system. Second, for implementing interconnection and interaction, a new interconnection and data interaction mechanism between the physical system and its virtual model for through-life applications has been designed. With them, each service cell consists of seven elements and encapsulates input/output information and control logic. All the discrete cells are constructed and mapped onto different production-process-oriented digital manufacturing modules by integrating logical, geometric and data models. As a result, the virtual-physical connection is realized to form a DT model. The proposed virtual modeling method and the associated connection mechanism have been applied to a real-world workshop DT to demonstrate its practicality and usefulness.     

Agent-based optimisation of logistics and production planning

Manufacturing and logistics service provision enterprises are currently moving towards open virtual enterprise collaboration networks to meet the needs of the Global Economy. In such networks, manufacturing and logistics planning and scheduling is challenging due to the difficulties in integrating information from different partners and in exploring a large and dynamically changing number of planning and scheduling alternatives. Agent-based technology is considered suitable to support planning and scheduling in such enterprises because agents can dynamically adapt their behaviour to changing requirements and they can reduce the number of planning and scheduling alternatives via negotiation.This paper presents an agent-based approach for supporting logistics and production planning, taking into account not only production schedules but also availability and cost of logistic service providers. This is achieved through efficient negotiation mechanisms based on an extended contracting protocol. The agent infrastructure is being developed within the context of Agentcities, a successful EU-funded initiative to build a world-wide distributed and open platform which provides agent-based services.The proposed approach is illustrated in a case study concerning optimisation of production planning of a virtual manufacturing enterprise in relation to sub-contracted logistic services used to transport materials between the enterprise units.     

Modular manufacturing

This paper discusses requirements to be satisfied by future manufacturing systems and proposes a new concept of modular manufacturing to integrate intelligent and complex machines. In large-scale systems such as manufacturing systems, modularization is indispensable for clarifying logical structure and assuring a high degree of ease of construction. The parts, products and manufacturing equipments as well as the design and operating activities themselves are all described in units called modules. A manufacturing system is constructed and operated by combining these in building-block style. The creation of this manufacturing system relies on construction and operating systems that enable design and simulation in the virtual world, and production and control in the real world, in a unified approach. Hardware modules and software modules are compiled flexibly and hierarchically to fulfil specified tasks. A system in which modular manufacturing as a concept of system integration is applied to manufacturing robots is called a modular robot system. The robots are embedded in manufacturing systems as the highest application of model-based robotics.     

虚拟制造专用网中产品信息安全性的研究与实现

提出了利用VPN（虚拟专用网）构建网上制造系统的理论框架。通过PDM（产品数据管理）对异地制造资源进行远程管理和控制，建立面向产品的WMN(虚拟制造专用网)，实现产品异地设计与制造的协同工作；并着重研究了虚拟制造专用网中产品数据传输的安全性问题。     

An approach to partner selection in agile manufacturing

It is believed that agile manufacturing is the twenty-first century manufacturing enterprise strategy and should be realized by agile virtual enterprise (AVE) which is dynamically configured for the manufacturing of one or more products. Agile manufacturing creates a significant challenge for the partner selection in configuring an AVE. This paper presents a brief introduction to the task decomposition for the manufacturing of a product in multisite environment. A bidding process should be carried out for each task so as to get the information necessary for the configuration of AVE. To minimize the manufacturing cost, an integer programming (IP) formulation is presented for the partner selection problem. The IP formulation is then transformed into a graph-theoretical formulation by taking the advantage of the precedence relationship between the tasks. The graph obtained turns out to be a directed multipartite graph. Based on the graph-theoretical formulation, an efficient solution algorithm is proposed for the problem. It is shown that the algorithm is polynomial bounded. Therefore, it is applicable to large practical problems.