Thermo-elastic material parameters identification using modified error in constitutive equation approach

This paper presents an identification procedure for anisotropic thermo-elastic heterogeneous material profile based on modified error in constitutive equation (MECE) approach. The inverse problem is posed as an optimization problem where the objective functional evaluates the difference in constitutive relation that associates kinematically admissible strain field to the statically admissible stress field. An additional term due to corruption in measurement data is included in the cost functional as a penalty form. While following standard MECE-based identification procedure, we have proposed a trace norm of the constitutive discrepancy functional that arises due to two dissimilar fields for material parameter update. In the process, we obtain explicit parameter update formula for general anisotropic thermo-elastic material. However, unlike elastic case, parameter update equations are nonlinear due to thermo-elastic constitutive relation. Finally, the potential of the proposed procedure in estimating anisotropic material parameters is illustrated through some large-scale parameter estimation problems.     

基于变分渐近法预测饱和多孔介质流固耦合性能的细观力学模型

饱和岩土类多孔材料内固、液相不同属性产生的各向异性和多孔微结构的不均匀性使得材料的细观力学特性计算变得十分复杂。为准确预测岩土类材料的有效弹性性能和细观应力-应变场,基于Biot多孔弹性介质理论,建立可描述岩土类多孔材料固液相运动的能量泛函和相应的多孔弹性本构关系;利用细、宏观尺度比作为小参数将能量变分泛函渐近扩展为系列近似泛函;以场变量波动函数为未知量,通过解决近似泛函的最小化问题(驻值问题)得到波动函数的解析解,从而建立逼近物理和工程真实性的细观力学模型,并通过有限元技术得以数值实现。多孔介质材料细观力学特性算例表明:与经典均匀化理论(将液体类比为具有较高泊松比的固体材料)相比,基于变分渐近均匀化细观模型预测的多孔介质材料细观力学特性更精确,尤其是能准确重构多孔微结构内局部应力-应变场分布,为损伤破坏、局部断裂分析奠定了坚实基础。      

Numerical algorithm for defect reconstruction in elastic media with a circular ultrasonic scanning

A numerical reconstruction method is proposed, which is applied to image identification of defects detected in elastic solid samples, in the case when a circular Ultrasonic scanning provides a measurement of the scattering pattern over full interval of the incident polar angle. The problem is first formulated as a system of respective boundary integral equations whose solution is used to calculate the far-field scattering diagram. Then the inverse reconstruction problem is reduced to a minimization of a certain strongly nonlinear functional. The proposed numerical algorithm is tested on some examples of volumetric flaw. It is also evaluated the influence of the error in the input data on precision of the reconstruction.     

Some uniqueness and continuous dependence results in the micropolar mixture theory of porous media

The present paper studies the uniqueness and continuous data dependence of solutions of the initial-boundary value problem associated with the micropolar mixture linear theory of porous media. For a binary homogeneous mixture of an isotropic micropolar elastic solid with an incompressible micropolar viscous fluid, an uniqueness result is established. Then we deduce some estimates for describing the continuous dependence of solution with respect to the changes in the body force and body couple and in the initial-boundary given data. Thus, it is shown that the general approach of a binary homogeneous mixture of an isotropic micropolar elastic solid with an incompressible micropolar viscous fluid is well posed.     

An inverse-source problem for maximization of pore-fluid oscillation within poroelastic formations

This paper discusses a mathematical and numerical modeling approach for identification of an unknown optimal loading time signal of a wave source, atop the ground surface, that can maximize the relative wave motion of a single-phase pore fluid within fluid-saturated porous permeable (poroelastic) rock formations, surrounded by non-permeable semi-infinite elastic solid rock formations, in a one-dimensional setting. The motivation stems from a set of field observations, following seismic events and vibrational tests, suggesting that shaking an oil reservoir is likely to improve oil production rates. This maximization problem is cast into an inverse-source problem, seeking an optimal loading signal that minimizes an objective functional – the reciprocal of kinetic energy in terms of relative pore-fluid wave motion within target poroelastic layers. We use the finite element method to obtain the solution of the governing wave physics of a multi-layered system, where the wave equations for the target poroelastic layers and the elastic wave equation for the surrounding non-permeable layers are coupled with each other. We use a partial-differential-equation-constrained-optimization framework (a state-adjoint-control problem approach) to tackle the minimization problem. The numerical results show that the numerical optimizer recovers optimal loading signals, whose dominant frequencies correspond to amplification frequencies, which can also be obtained by a frequency sweep, leading to larger amplitudes of relative pore-fluid wave motion within the target hydrocarbon formation than other signals.     

Control of analyses with isoparametric elements in both 2‐D and 3‐D

This paper presents an extension of the computation method for the error in the constitutive relation to include isoparametric elements. Developed over the past few years at ENS Cachan's laboratory, this technique is based on the strict building of admissible displacement and stress fields. This building process, validated for several types of 2‐D and 3‐D straight finite elements (triangles and quadrilaterals, tetrahedra and hexahedra), cannot be extended to isoparametric elements. For such elements, the method consists of seeking an approximation of the statically admissible stress field by solving a high‐degree finite element problem on each element. This technique, as implemented in our error computation code, which is associated both with a method of computing optimal sizes and with meshers able to respect a size map, allows us to optimize 2‐D and 3‐D meshes. Examples demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Boundary element methods for boundary condition inverse problems in elasticity using PCGM and CGM regularization

For an isotropic linear elastic body, only displacement or traction boundary conditions are given on a part of its boundary, whilst all of displacement and traction vectors are unknown on the rest of the boundary. The inverse problem is different from the Cauchy problems. All the unknown boundary conditions on the whole boundary must be determined with some interior points' information. The preconditioned conjugate gradient method (PCGM) in combination with the boundary element method (BEM) is developed for reconstructing the boundary conditions, and the PCGM is compared with the conjugate gradient method (CGM). Morozov's discrepancy principle is employed to select the iteration step. The analytical integral algorithm is proposed to treat the nearly singular integrals when the interior points are very close to the boundary. The numerical solutions of the boundary conditions are not sensitive to the locations of the interior points if these points are distributed along the entire boundary of the considered domain. The numerical results confirm that the PCGM and CGM produce convergent and stable numerical solutions with respect to increasing the number of interior points and decreasing the amount of noise added into the input data.     

非线性时域识别方程的不适定性与正则化方法研究

研究了非线性时域识别方程的不适定性及其正则化求解方法。雅可比矩阵的性态能够反映非线性识别方程的性态，因此雅可比矩阵的条件数是非线性识别方程的不适定性的度量。阻尼最小二乘法只是一种强迫正定的计算方法，其识别结果仍然对测试噪声很敏感，解决该问题的有效途径是将阻尼最小二乘法与正则化方法两者结合使用。算例表明，将先验的参数预估值引入Tikhonov镇定泛函可以得到稳定的参数解，且识别误差与原始数据的测试噪声基本保持在同一水平。     

A 3D domain decomposition approach for the identification of spatially varying elastic material parameters

The post‐treatment of (3D) displacement fields for the identification of spatially varying elastic material parameters is a large inverse problem that remains out of reach for massive 3D structures. We explore here the potential of the constitutive compatibility method for tackling such an inverse problem, provided an appropriate domain decomposition technique is introduced. In the method described here, the statically admissible stress field that can be related through the known constitutive symmetry to the kinematic observations is sought through minimization of an objective function, which measures the violation of constitutive compatibility. After this stress reconstruction, the local material parameters are identified with the given kinematic observations using the constitutive equation. Here, we first adapt this method to solve 3D identification problems and then implement it within a domain decomposition framework which allows for reduced computational load when handling larger problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of a viscoelastic substrate on a cracked body under in-plane concentrated loading

Summary The effect of a viscoelastic substrate on an anisotropic elastic cracked body under in-plane concentrated loading is studied in this paper. Based on the correspondence principle, the viscoelastic solution is directly obtained from the corresponding elastic one. The fundamental elastic solution is solved as three complex potentials via the property of analytical continuation to satisfy the continuity condition along the interface between dissimilar media. A singular integral technique in association with the dual coordinate transformation is applied to obtain the stress intensity factors for various crack orientations. Using the standard solid model to formulate the viscoelastic constitutive equation, some numerical examples are considered to demonstrate the use of the present approach.     

Estimation of piezoelastic and viscoelastic properties in laminated structures

An inverse method for material parameter estimation of elastic, piezoelectric and viscoelastic laminated plate structures is presented. The method uses a gradient based optimization technique in order to solve the inverse problem, through minimization of an error functional which expresses the difference between experimental free vibration data and corresponding numerical data produced by a finite element model. The complex modulus approach is used to model the viscoelastic material behavior, assuming hysteretic type damping. Applications that illustrate the influence of adhesive material interfaces and viscoelastic parameter identification are presented and a few simulated test cases aid the interpretation of results.     

On the uniqueness and continuous data dependence of solutions in the theory of swelling porous thermoelastic soils

This paper studies the uniqueness and continuous data dependence of solutions of the initial-boundary value problems associated with the linear theory of swelling porous thermoelastic soils. The formulation belongs to the theory of mixtures for porous elastic solids filled with fluid and gas with thermal conduction and by considering the time derivative of temperature as a variable in the set of constitutive equations. Some uniqueness and continuous data dependence results are established under mild assumptions on the constitutive constants. Thus, it is shown that the general approach of swelling porous thermoelastic soils is well posed. The method of proof is based on some integro-differential inequalities and some Lagrange–Brun identities.     

A Linear Time-Invariant Filtering Approach for Ultrasonic Transducer Normalization

The increased use of automatic defect detection and characterization systems of the self-learning type has created a demand for means capable of normalizing signals from ultrasonic transducers. Measurements obtained using different measurement setups should be normalized with reference to a standard transducer. It is usually an unfeasible task to optimize characterization procedures for all combinations of measurement parameters that are usually available in a modern complex measurement system. For instance, a change of transducer or only a change in cable length may result in substantial differences in measured data. We propose a linear filtering approach for normalizing ultrasonic pulse-echo measurements as a preprocessing step before presenting the data to a characterization system. The approach requires two data sets: one for the reference transducer and one for the transducer to normalize. We formulate the normalization problem as a general linear approximation problem and derive an optimal linear transformation for an ideal situation with known transducer and noise characteristics. Due to the properties of the optimal linear transformation, a close approximation of this transformation can be implemented using a linear time-invariant filter. We verify by simulations that the filter approximation is valid, and we also examine some properties concerning the accuracy of the estimates obtained using the filter approximation. The filter is obtained using the output error method, one of the standard system identification methods. The proposed method is tested on real ultrasonic data obtained from carbon-fiber—reinforced epoxy composites. The results of experiments with real data, illustrating one of the possible applications, are used to point out some practical considerations that have to be taken into account when implementing the proposed method.     

A variational formulation in fracture mechanics

A variational approach to linear elasticity problems is considered. The family of variational principles is proposed based on the linear theory of elasticity and the method of integrodifferential relations. The idea of this approach is that the constitutive relation is specified by an integral equality instead of the local Hooke’s law and the modified boundary value problem is reduced to the minimization of a nonnegative functional over all admissible displacements and equilibrium stresses. The conditions of decomposition on two separated problems with respect to displacements and stresses are found for the variational problems formulated and the relation between the approach under consideration and the minimum principles for potential and complementary energies is shown. The effective local and integral criteria of solution quality are proposed. A numerical algorithm based on the piecewise polynomial approximations of displacement and stress fields over an arbitrary domain triangulation are worked out to obtained numerical solutions and estimate their convergence rates. Numerical results for 2D linear elasticity problems with cracks are presented and discussed.     

Adaptive finite element approximation of multiphysics problems: A fluid–structure interaction model problem

In this paper we consider finite element simulation of the mechanical response of an elastic solid immersed into a viscous incompressible fluid flow. For simplicity, we assume that the mechanics of the solid is governed by linear elasticity and the motion of the fluid by the Stokes equation. For this one‐way coupled multiphysics problem we derive an a posteriori error estimate using duality techniques. Based on the estimate we propose an adaptive algorithm that automatically constructs a suitable mesh for the fluid and solid computational domains given a specific goal quantity for the elastic problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多分辨率分析的结构物理参数识别贝叶斯估计方法:方法推导与验证

在观测噪声和模型误差等不确定性因素的影响下,结构物理参数识别问题是一个不确定性问题.针对此问题,该文从结构运动微分方程出发,利用小波多分辨率分析原理,建立结构多尺度动力方程,由该方程以结构激励和响应信息在多尺度上的细节信号和最大尺度上的概貌信号为观测量推得物理参数线性回归模型,对该模型应用贝叶斯估计理论得到物理参数后验...     

Feature-specific structured imaging

We present a feature-specific imaging system based on the use of structured light. Feature measurements are obtained by projecting spatially structured illumination onto an object and collecting all the reflected light onto a single photodetector. Principal component features are used to define the illumination patterns. The optimal linear minimum mean-square error (LMMSE) operator is used to generate object estimates from the measured features. We study the optimal allocation of illumination energy into each feature measurement in the presence of additive white Gaussian detector noise and optical blur. We demonstrate that this new imaging approach reduces imager complexity and provides improved image quality in high noise environments. Compared to the optimal LMMSE postprocessing of a conventional image, feature-specific structured imaging provides a 38% rms error reduction and requires 400 times fewer measurements for a noise standard deviation of sigma = 2 x 10(-3). Experimental results validate these theoretical predictions.     

The enriched space–time finite element method (EST) for simultaneous solution of fluid–structure interaction

The paper introduces a weighted residual‐based approach for the numerical investigation of the interaction of fluid flow and thin flexible structures. The presented method enables one to treat strongly coupled systems involving large structural motion and deformation of multiple‐flow‐immersed solid objects. The fluid flow is described by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The current configuration of the thin structure of linear elastic material with non‐linear kinematics is mapped to the flow using the zero iso‐contour of an updated level set function. The formulation of fluid, structure and coupling conditions uniformly uses velocities as unknowns. The integration of the weak form is performed on a space–time finite element discretization of the domain. Interfacial constraints of the multi‐field problem are ensured by distributed Lagrange multipliers. The proposed formulation and discretization techniques lead to a monolithic algebraic system, well suited for strongly coupled fluid–structure systems. Embedding a thin structure into a flow results in non‐smooth fields for the fluid. Based on the concept of the extended finite element method, the space–time approximations of fluid pressure and velocity are properly enriched to capture weakly and strongly discontinuous solutions. This leads to the present enriched space–time (EST) method. Numerical examples of fluid–structure interaction show the eligibility of the developed numerical approach in order to describe the behavior of such coupled systems. The test cases demonstrate the application of the proposed technique to problems where mesh moving strategies often fail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of the parameters of an elastic material model using the constitutive equation gap method

Today, the identification of material model parameters is based more and more on full-field measurements. This article explains how an appropriate use of the constitutive equation gap method (CEGM) can help in this context. The CEGM is a well-known concept which, until now, has been used mainly for the verification of finite element simulations. This has led to many developments, especially concerning the techniques for constructing statically admissible stress fields. The originality of the present study resides in the application of these recent developments to the identification problem. The proposed CEGM is described in detail, then evaluated through the identification of heterogeneous isotropic elastic properties. The results obtained are systematically compared with those of the equilibrium gap method, which is a well-known technique for the resolution of such identification problems. We prove that the use of the enhanced CEGM significantly improves the quality of the results.     

Dual finite element analysis for plasticity–friction torsion of composite bar

The quasi-static problem of torsion of an elastic–plastic, prismatic, composite bar is considered in the paper. The phenomenon of slip on the interfaces between the components of the bar is taken into account. The elastic–plastic behaviour of the material is described by the Prandtl-Reuss constitutive relation. The slip on the interface is governed by the Coulomb friction law—it is assumed that there is no cohesion between components of the bar. The stresses normal to the interfaces are considered to be caused by shrinkage of the matrix of the bar or by external forces acting perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis. The problem is set in the dual variational forms and solved with the help of the finite element method. Two approximate kinematically and statically admissible solutions are obtained. The stress function is used for calculation of the second one. The iterative algorithms solving the problem and some numerical results are presented in the paper.