横磁退火工艺对Finemet合金磁学与力学性能的影响

为提高Finemet合金的磁学与力学性能,通过横磁退火对合金进行热处理,研究退火工艺对合金的磁学与力学性能的影响。本文以市场应用广泛的Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(15.5)B_7非晶合金为对象,使用横磁退火炉经行磁场热处理;并使用X射线衍射仪,SQUID-VSM仪,纳米压痕仪分别测的了试样的晶化相结构、磁学性能、力学性能。结果显示,经过横磁热处理后的Finemet合金非晶条带中生成了纳米晶,其磁滞回线变得平伏,且随退火温度升高,塑性变差,但是硬度却会升高。     

热处理工艺对Finemet软磁合金高频磁性能影响的研究

利用XRD和TEM研究了Finemet非晶软磁合金的热处理诱发纳米晶化过程中的结构和组织形貌变化,利用Scherrer公式计算了晶化过程中产生的α-Fe颗粒的尺寸大小.由XRD及TEM的相关图谱表明,Finemet非晶软磁合金的晶化过程主要发生在500℃之后,当退火温度为560℃时,纳米晶化充分且晶粒分布均匀,合金材料具有优异的软磁性能.     

FeCuNbCrSiB非晶合金的晶化及磁导率与温度的关系

对Fe6 8Cu1 Nb3Cr8Si1 0 B1 0 非晶合金在 40 0～ 5 40℃等温退火 1h后的晶化行为及初始磁导率 μi 与温度的关系进行了研究。结果表明 :用Cr取代部分Fe和Si的Fe6 8Cu1 Nb3Cr8Si1 0 B1 0 非晶合金经适当温度退火后可获得具有bcc结构的α Fe(Si)纳米晶 ,合金的居里温度 (Tc <15 0℃ )远低于Finemet合金的Tc(约为 3 40℃ ) ;合金在淬态和 40 0℃退火后的 μi T曲线上出现Hop kinson峰 ,经 5 0 0℃和 5 40℃退火后其 μi T曲线上Hopkinson峰消失 ,曲线具有明显的长尾特征。     

Fe基非晶纳米晶带材的快速热处理工艺研究

研究了Fe基非晶纳米晶带材采用较快升温速率和不同出炉温度对软磁性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用宽度为(10±0.2)mm、厚度(33±2)μm的带材卷绕成内径为20mm、外径为30mm的圆环磁芯,在以480℃为起始温度,再以1℃/min的速率升至退火温度,当退火温度540℃,退火时间60min,随炉冷却至200℃出炉磁性能最佳,当测试频率f=1kHz,初始磁导率μi=135800,最大饱和磁感应强度Bs为1.157T,剩余磁感应强度Hr为0.6781T,矫顽力Hc为0.6434A/m,与普通真空热处理最佳性能(测试频率f=1kHz,初始磁导率μi=159700,最大饱和磁感应强度Bs为1.122T,剩余磁感应强度Hr为0.5964T,矫顽力Hc为0.6828A/m)相差不大,在实际生产中可以将起始温度提高到480℃;同时,当出炉温度高于300℃时,带材磁性能下降剧烈。     

Fe40Ni40P14B6合金磁导率与温度的关系

研究了晶化温度为423℃的Fe40Ni40P14B6非晶合金在200～450℃退火后弱场磁导率μi随温度T的变化.结果表明,退火温度Ta对μi～T曲线的形状有较大的影响.当退火温度Ta低于非晶合金的晶化温度时,μi～T曲线上出现了尖锐的Hopkinson峰,峰值对应的温度为230～265℃,峰的位置随着退火温度的提高而移向高温,说明非晶合金的结构弛豫导致非晶合金的居里温度发生变化.在350～400℃退火后,μi～T曲线在150℃附近出现另一个宽峰,并且在合金从室温至150℃的升温过程中μi线性增加.当Ta高于非晶合金的晶化温度时,表征非晶相居里温度的Hopkinson峰消失,在从室温至400℃的升温过程中磁导率保持较低值不变,超过400℃后随温度的升高,磁导率逐渐上升.解释了磁导率随温度变化的原因并讨论了μi～T曲线的特征与合金相结构的关系及μi～T曲线的实际意义.     

Fe-Nd-B-Zr块体非晶合金的形成能力和磁性能

以Fe-Nd-B系块体非晶合金为前驱体制备永磁材料。在Fe70Nd10B20三元合金及其邻近成分点中微量添加Zr元素,采用熔体旋淬法和铜模喷注法制备样品,通过XRD和DSC表征非晶形成能力。对Fe70Nd9B20Zr1块体非晶合金进行退火晶化处理,采用XRD分析晶化产物,通过VSM表征不同晶化阶段的磁性能。结果表明,合金体系的非晶形成能力得到提高,在Zr原子分数为1%时获得临界尺寸为2mm的块体非晶合金;Fe70Nd9B20Zr1块体非晶合金在946K,600s退火时得到最佳硬磁性能,剩磁(Br)、内禀矫顽力(iHc)和最大磁能积(BH)max分别为0.54T,348kA/m和24.1kJ/m3。该合金体系可应用于直接通过铸造和热处理工艺制备块体纳米复合永磁材料。     

铁基纳米微晶玻璃包裹丝的软磁性能及巨磁阻抗效应

采用高频感应加热熔融拉引法制备Fe73.0Cu1.0Nb1.5V2.0Si13.5B9.0玻璃包裹合金非晶细丝，经不同温度下退火处理得到玻璃包裹纳米微晶丝，并对其软磁性能及其巨磁阻抗效应的特点进行了研究。结果表明，样品在退火温度为540～570℃时具有最佳软磁性能，并在570℃得到最大磁阻抗变化为253％．是目前国际同类材料的玻璃包裹丝中观察到的最大值。     

磁场退火对纳米晶Fe_(74.5)Cu_1Nb_2Si_(17.5)B_5合金饱和磁致伸缩系数和μi-T曲线的影响研究

研究了不同退火温度下形成的纳米晶Fe_(74.5)Cu_1Nb_2Si_(17.5)B_5合金经过磁场退火后,其饱和磁致伸缩系数λ_S、矫顽力H_C和μi-T曲线的变化。研究表明,经过磁场退火后,纳米晶合金的矫顽力出现不同程度的降低,温度在350℃以下时,初始磁导率表现出明显的提高,这些性能的改善归因于合金饱和磁致伸缩的减小。     

非晶纳米晶粉体/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及其软磁性能研究

以环氧树脂为基体,以经热处理的Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.sB9非晶粉体为增强材料,制备了环形树脂基复合材料,并研究了非晶粉体退火工艺、纳米晶粉体含量及复合材料退火工艺对树脂基复合材料的起始磁导率μi和Q值的影响.结果表明:以经550℃×0.5h退火的Fe73.5Cu1Nb.Si13.5B9纳米晶粉体为组元的树脂基复合材料的起始磁导率μi最大,为2.528,Q值最小,其中心频率(34.426 MHz)对应的Q值为72.4;随着纳米晶粉体含量的增加,树脂基复合材料的起始磁导率μi增大,Q值减小;去应力退火可以提高树脂基磁性复合材料的起始磁导率μi.     

电脉冲快速退火Fe73.5Cu1Mo3Si13.5B9合金的组织与磁性能

采用电脉冲快速退火实现了非晶合金Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ１３．５的纳米晶化。显微组织分析与磁性能测定结果表明,该合金经适当工艺的脉冲电流处理可得到较常规法晶粒密度更高、晶粒尺寸更小、软磁性能更优的纳米晶材料。基于随机无规磁各向异性模型,阐明了该合金的软磁性能与其显微结构的关系。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.