几种添加物对全麦湿面蒸煮品质和感官品质的影响

以麦麸、小麦胚芽和小麦粉为原料制作全麦面条,比较不同食品添加剂(食盐、谷朊粉、黄原胶)对全麦湿面品质的改良效果,并考察不同添加剂之间的复配效果。结果表明:食盐、谷朊粉和黄原胶均可以改善面条的蒸煮品质并提高全麦面条的感官评分,其中食盐的最适添加比例为1%~2%,谷朊粉的最适添加比例为1.5%~2.5%,黄原胶的最适添加比例为0.15%~0.2%,两种或者三种添加剂经过复配后面条的品质要明显好于单独添加一种添加剂,其中黄原胶和食盐的复配对降低面条的蒸煮损失率效果最明显,三种添加剂复配之后感官评分最高。     

麸皮粗细度对全麦粉挂面品质的影响

探讨了经稳定化处理的不同粗细度麸皮对全麦粉挂面品质及其储藏稳定性的影响,结果表明:随着麸皮粗细度的减小,全麦粉挂面表面光滑度增加,硬度变大,L*降低、a*值和b*值升高,达到显著性水平(P0.05);不同麸皮细度的全麦粉挂面蒸煮品质无显著性变化;适宜制作优质全麦粉挂面的麸皮粗细度范围为≥80目;随着储藏时间的延长,全麦粉挂面酸度值不断上升。储藏八个月时,酸度值在3.33~3.75 m L/10 g之间,满足《花色挂面》标准的要求。     

出粉率对小麦粉理化特性及面条品质的影响

从制粉生产线上取82种系统粉,并根据灰分含量和流量配制出粉率为55％、60％、65％、70％、75％、80％、88％、95％、100％等9种不同小麦粉.对不同出粉率小麦粉理化特性及面条品质进行研究,结果表明:出粉率为55％～70％时,小麦粉来源于胚乳,小麦粉理化特性及面条品质较好,且各类指标在较小范围内浮动;出粉率为7...     

Studying the effects of whole-wheat flour on the rheological properties and the quality attributes of whole-wheat saltine cracker using SRC,alveograph, rheometer,and NMR technique

Quality attributes of soft wheat products are affected by physicochemical characteristics and rheological properties of wheat flour. Whole-wheat flour has a significant impact on baking qualities (stack height, stack weight, specific volume, and breaking strength) of whole-wheat saltine crackers due to its high water absorption capacity. SRC profiles, alveograph and rheometer parameters were determined to observe the effect of whole-wheat flour on whole-wheat cracker flour blends. NMR technique was utilized to demonstrate the water migration and competition in whole-wheat dough components. Results of SRC testing revealed that the water absorption of whole-wheat flour blends increased with the addition level of whole-wheat flour. The rheological properties (G′, G″, P, L, W values) were influenced significantly by the presence of whole-wheat flour. Results of NMR indicated that water migrated from gluten network into arabinoxylans matrix in whole-wheat dough system, resulting in inferior saltine cracker-baking qualities of whole-wheat flour, i.e., small breaking strength, stack height and specific volume. The stack height, specific volume, and breaking strength of end products showed significant correlations with the arabinoxylans, dough extensibility, and gluten index of whole-wheat flour.     

魔芋粉和脱脂大豆粉复合对面条品质的影响

研究在传统的面条配方中,添加脱脂大豆粉和魔芋粉对面条品质的影响.结果表明,添加脱脂大豆粉和魔芋粉能有效改善面条的品质和提高面条的营养价值.通过正交实验得出以面条综合评分为指标的最佳添加量为脱脂大豆粉8%、魔芋粉0.5%.     

马铃薯全粉对面条品质影响的主成分分析研究

为了探讨马铃薯全粉对面条品质的影响,通过测定添加不同比例马铃薯全粉的面筋特性、蒸煮特性、质构特性和感官评价,并结合主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明:随着马铃薯全粉添加量的增加,面条色泽呈暗红趋势变化,其面筋含量逐渐降低;面条的蒸煮特性、质构特性及感官品质呈现先增加后降低的趋势,说明适量添加马铃薯全粉可以在一定程度上提高面条的食用品质。应用主成分分析法对不同马铃薯全粉添加量的面条进行研究,确定了反映面条品质的3个主成分因子,3个主成分的累积贡献率达到88.35%。为进一步开发高含量马铃薯全粉面条提供数据支撑。     

小麦粉中蛋白质和淀粉含量对面条品质的影响

对小麦粉中的蛋白质和淀粉组分进行了分离,将淀粉含量不同的混合粉制作成面条,分析其质构特性和食用品质。将面条煮制后,对熟面条进行了质构分析,测定了熟面条的硬拉伸性能、剪切性能和蒸煮损失,并进行了感官品质评价。研究结果表明:随着小麦粉中的淀粉含量的增加(蛋白质含量的降低),面条的质构特性、拉伸性能、剪切性能都呈现显著下降的变化趋势(P<0.05),而面条的蒸煮损失显著增加(P<0.05)。此外,面条的感官评价与质构分析的结果相一致。     

苦荞超微粉对苦荞小麦混合粉及其挂面品质的影响

将普通苦荞粉,苦荞超微粉A和B按照5%~30%的比例添加到小麦粉中,对苦荞小麦混合粉的面团粉质特性及其挂面的感官品质、蒸煮品质及质构特性进行了研究,结果表明:与普通粉相比,添加苦荞超微粉的混合粉面团的吸水率增加,面团形成时间和稳定时间缩短,弱化度值升高,粉质指数降低;添加苦荞超微粉提高了挂面的感官品质;添加量在15%以下时,添加苦荞普通粉制作的面条煮熟增重率较高,添加量在15%~30%时,添加苦荞超微粉A制作的面条煮熟增重率较高,而添加量在5%~30%时,添加苦荞超微粉A制作的面条煮熟的干物质损失率最低;苦荞粉超微处理增加了苦荞挂面的坚实度和剪切功,面条咀嚼性和韧性增强。小麦粉中添加20%苦荞超微粉A时制作的挂面韧性,口感良好。     

面粉品种对手工空心面品质的影响

为了探讨面粉品种与手工空心面品质的关系,优选出做空心挂面的面粉品种,测试了3种具有代表性小麦面粉的主要品质特性,及用这些面粉制作的手工空心挂面的食用指标,对面粉品质与手工空心挂面品质的关系进行了较为全面的研究。结果表明:面粉水分含量、蛋白质含量,湿面筋含量,沉淀值对制作的空心挂面品质影响较大,其含量相对较高的适合制作空心面。     

食盐对面絮及面条品质影响研究

以小麦粉为原料,测定不同食盐添加量时面絮颗粒的分布及面条品质,探究食盐在面条制作过程中对面絮特性以及面条品质的影响.结果表明:随着食盐添加量(0～3％)的增加,和面水的pH值显著下降;小颗粒面絮(0.336～0.750、0.750～1.500 mm)含量显著增多,大颗粒面絮(1.500～2.000、2.000～3.000、3.000～4.000、d大于4.000 mm)含量显著减少;面条感官评价得分显著升高;面条吸水率显著降低,蒸煮损失率显著增大;面条更光亮,色泽显著提高;面条的硬度、黏附性、黏合性显著增大;使用面絮评价小麦粉制作面条的品质在添加食盐的条件下同样适用,添加一定量食盐可以提高面条品质,比较不同食盐含量下面条品质的各项指标,得出最佳食盐添加量为2.0％.     

面絮粒度分布对面条品质影响研究

以13种小麦为原料,将面絮按粒度分级,对不同粒度的面絮分布与籽粒、小麦粉、面条品质进行相关性分析,探索采用面絮评价小麦粉制作面条品质的适应性。结果表明,小颗粒面絮(d1.5 mm)含量与籽粒水分呈显著或极显著负相关,大颗粒面絮(d1.5 mm)含量与其呈显著或极显著正相关;小颗粒面絮含量与面筋指数呈显著正相关,大颗粒面絮含量与其呈显著负相关;小颗粒面絮含量与面条质构参数呈显著或极显著正相关,大颗粒面絮含量与其呈显著或极显著负相关;小颗粒面絮含量与面条感官评价得分呈显著或极显著正相关,大颗粒面絮含量与其呈极显著负相关。综合结果表明:采用面絮评价小麦粉制作面条品质具有可行性,小颗粒面絮含量多,有利于提高面条品质;大颗粒面絮含量多,不利于提高面条品质。     

米线生产中原粮选择指标的确定

采用SPSS软件对成品米线的品质与大米原粮的理化指标之间的相关性进行分析,结果表明:可以采用直链淀粉含量、胶稠度和膨润力作为米线生产原粮的选择指标,3个指标中应优先考虑直链淀粉含量。生产品质较好的米线的原粮指标为:直链淀粉含量23%~28%、胶稠度30~45mm、膨润力8.0~9.0。     

Influence of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour quality and Chinese noodle quality

BACKGROUND: Understanding wheat flour noodle quality responses to N management will improve the quality of recommendations made to growers for specific end‐uses. Two winter wheat cultivars, with six N rates, planted during the course of a 2‐year experiment were used to determine the effect of N application rate on Chinese white noodle quality. RESULTS: Wheat flour protein content, development time (DT) and stability time (ST) increased with N application rate, maximal at 360 kg N ha^?1 and decreasing thereafter. When the N fertilizer application rate changed from 0 to 270 or 360 kg N ha^?1, redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) of both flour and noodle increased, while brightness (L*) decreased. The hardness and chewiness of cooked noodles improved at lower N application rate and degenerated at higher N rate. CONCLUSION: A low rate of N fertilizer application (from 0 to 270 kg N ha^?1) improved flour quality. Flour protein content and protein quality parameters displayed a significant negative correlation with brightness (L*) values. Generally, high flour protein content and protein quality, as well as good noodle texture, could be achieved by topdressing N fertilizer (in the range 270–360 kg N ha^?1). Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of wheat flour particle size on physicochemical properties and quality of noodles

The effect of particle size on the physicochemical and noodle quality of wheat flours was investigated. Granular wheat flour was ground by adjusting the distance between the rolls (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 mm) of the flour mill to obtain wheat flour in five different particle sizes. The results showed that milling intensity significantly reduced the particle size and increased the damaged starch content and sedimentation value, but there were no significant differences in protein or ash contents. The reduction of wheat flour particle size significantly decreased the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and setback of the blends, while there were no significant differences in pasting temperature. Stress relaxation characteristics indicated that as the particle size of wheat flour decreased, dough hardness increased. The noodles made from wheat flour with a smaller particle size had a higher water absorption rate and cooking loss rate. Textural profile analysis parameters showed that as the particle size of wheat flour decreased, the hardness, chewiness, recovery, and adhesiveness of noodles showed increasing trends, and there was no significant difference in elasticity. In summary, it is found that the quality of the noodles made by sample C (D₅₀: 78.47 µm) is better.     

添加挤压苦荞粉对纯苦荞挂面加工及面条品质的影响

为提高纯苦荞挂面的加工适应性及面条品质,将挤压处理后的苦荞粉与生苦荞粉混合后制作纯苦荞挂面,将挤压苦荞粉的添加量及和面加水量结合探究其对纯苦荞挂面加工品质及面条品质的影响。通过面带的质构品质、面条的蒸煮及质构特性评价纯苦荞挂面的加工性能和食用品质。结果表明,随着挤压苦荞粉添加量的增加,面带的表面黏附力和抗拉伸力及面条的蒸煮损失率显著(P<0.05)增加;随着和面加水量的增加,面带的表面黏附力显著(P<0.05)增加,抗拉伸力下降,面条的硬度、咀嚼性和蒸煮损失率均显著(P<0.05)增加,当挤压苦荞粉的添加量为30%,加水量为34%时,面带的表面黏附力最低,抗拉伸力适中,蒸煮损失率最小,质构品质较好,综合评价最高。     

不同粒度区间小麦粉对半干面品质的影响

研究了四个不同粒度区间小麦粉对半干面品质的影响。结果表明,不同粒度区间的小麦粉之间的品质表现差异性显著(p<0.05),180~200目粒度区间小麦粉的粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和面筋指数均高于其他粒度区间小麦粉;破损淀粉和灰分含量随粒度减小逐渐增加;140~160目区间小麦粉的粉质质量指数最大,稳定时间最长,弱化值最小;140~200目区间小麦粉的吸水率差异并不显著。随小麦粉粒度减小,半干面的白度、吸水率、蒸煮损失率逐渐增加;140~160目区间小麦粉制作的半干面,其硬度最大,咀嚼性最好;160~180目区间小麦粉制作的半干面,其拉伸性能最好;180~200目区间小麦粉制作的半干面,其深层结合水比例最高,回复性、弹性、黏聚性表现最好,感官评分最高,适合制作半干面。     

挤压改性糙米—小麦混合粉糊化特性与面条品质关系研究

将不同挤压条件下得到的糙米粉与小麦粉按1∶1比例进行混合,研究挤压改性对混合粉糊化特性及面条品质的影响,并分析两者之间的相关性。结果表明:物料水分的增加使混合粉峰值粘度增加,最低黏度和衰减值减小,挤压温度的增加,使混合粉峰值粘度、最低黏度和衰减值逐渐减小,回生值增大,相比之下,螺杆转速对混合粉以及面条特性影响较小;SEM试验结果显示添加挤压糙米粉的面条,其内部形成连续性网状结构;相关性分析结果表明,面条吸水率与混合粉的最终黏度和回生值呈显著正相关,面条坚实度与混合粉峰值粘度、衰减值和最终粘度呈显著负相关。     

增稠剂对鲜湿面条改良效果的研究

增稠剂是一类常用的面条品质改良剂。为了优选出最佳的增稠剂用于面条品质的改良,实验选取了CMC、魔芋粉、海藻酸钠、黄原胶、卡拉胶进行面条品质改良研究,测定了不同工艺条件时面条的综合得分、干物质损失率与面汤的浊度。结果表明,增稠剂对面条的品质都具有一定的改良作用,但黄原胶与魔芋粉的改良效果最佳。     

挤压温度和物料水分对糙米粉中损伤淀粉及面条品质影响

在不同挤压温度和物料水分条件下将糙米粉挤压膨化,并将挤压膨化糙米粉与小麦粉的混合粉(1∶1,w/w)制成糙米面条,系统研究了挤压温度和物料水分对挤压糙米粉中损伤淀粉含量和糙米面条品质的影响,同时分析了损伤淀粉含量与面条品质的相关性。结果显示:随着物料水分的增加,糙米粉中损伤淀粉的含量显著减少,物料水分25%时损伤淀粉含量UCDc值达到最低14.9;随着挤压温度升高,糙米粉损伤淀粉含量先减少后增加,温度120℃时损伤淀粉含量UCDc值达到最低14.9;相关性分析结果显示,随着损伤淀粉含量的增加,面条蒸煮损失明显增大,坚实度、硬度和耐咀性降低,面条整体品质下降。挤压温度120℃、物料水分25%、损伤淀粉含量UCDc值为14.9,糙米面条品质相对较好。      

Effects of particle size distributions of rice flour on the quality of gluten-free rice cupcakes

The particle size distributions (PSD) of rice flour and milling processes are important in making gluten-free products. The dry rice flour was prepared by grinding dried rice grains after soaking. Effects of PSD on the quality of rice cupcakes were investigated using the newly-developed rice flour. The flour properties passed through 80, 120, 160, and 200 (<180, <125, <95, and <75 μm) meshsieves, and batters and cupcakes prepared from their flours were analyzed. The PSD patterns showed two peaks containing cells and free starch fractions, in which the starch fraction peak intensity increased as a particle size decreased. While damaged starch, water binding capacity, solubility and lightness increased, crude protein and yellowness decreased as a particle size decreased. The final and setback viscosities increased as a particle size decreased. The specific volume of cupcakes was the highest in the cupcakes made with rice flour passed through under 95 μm. Hardness and springiness decreased as a particle size decreased. The air cell sizes decreased as a particle size decreased with homogeneity. Air cell homogeneity, volume, hardness, and softness of cakes determined by the different test, and appearance, texture, and overall quality determined by the preference test were all significantly different (p < 0.05).