不锈钢厚板焊接凝固裂纹驱动力的三维数值模拟

利用双椭球形热源模型研究了SUS310不锈钢的三维焊接温度场,并与实验测量进行了比较．在计算温度场的基础上,重点研究了材料在凝固裂纹敏感温度区间内,焊缝金属应变场和位移场的动态场演变过程,得到了10mm厚板的凝固裂纹驱动力曲线,并利用动态单元再生方法,消除了焊接凝固过程对应变场的影响．模拟计算得到的驱动力曲线与前人实验测量的凝固裂纹阻力曲线进行了比较,初步预测了SUS310不锈钢凝固裂纹敏感性．     

钛合金大厚板窄间隙焊接接头三维应力数值模拟计算

基于热-力耦合的焊接热弹塑性有限元法,建立运动电弧作用下的二维体热源模型.采用"生死单元"技术实现焊缝的顺序生长来完成温度场的计算;选择平面应变模型,计算大厚度多道焊接的残余应力,最终得到钛合金厚板焊接过程温度场和应力场分布以及厚板焊接接头的三维应力的分布规律,并与钛合金厚板应力测试结果进行对比验证,两者很接近.该研究结果为钛合金厚板焊接接头残余应力的研究提供了参考.     

高强钢激光焊接凝固裂纹研究现状

采用激光自熔焊、激光填丝焊及激光-电弧复合焊进行高强钢焊接时均会出现热裂纹,且以凝固裂纹为主。针对该问题,文中综合论述了近些年激光及其复合焊高强钢凝固裂纹的研究情况,介绍了凝固裂纹的特点、形成机制及防止措施。从目前的研究结果来看,高强钢激光焊接中凝固裂纹以焊缝纵向裂纹为主,国内外主要从化学成分、熔池几何形状、焊接参数、拘束度4个影响因素研究凝固裂纹的形成,研究侧重于熔池的凸起部分和深宽比对凝固裂纹形成的影响,凸起部分会造成凝固延迟、产生大的拉应力、促进S,P杂质元素的偏析;较大的深宽比会造成局部应力集中从而引发裂纹产生。采用不同工艺方法改变焊缝几何形状是解决激光焊接凝固裂纹的一个重要方向。     

高强钢激光焊接凝固裂纹研究现状

采用激光自熔焊、激光填丝焊及激光-电弧复合焊进行高强钢焊接时均会出现热裂纹,且以凝固裂纹为主。针对该问题,文中综合论述了近些年激光及其复合焊高强钢凝固裂纹的研究情况,介绍了凝固裂纹的特点、形成机制及防止措施。从目前的研究结果来看,高强钢激光焊接中凝固裂纹以焊缝纵向裂纹为主,国内外主要从化学成分、熔池几何形状、焊接参数、拘束度4个影响因素研究凝固裂纹的形成,研究侧重于熔池的凸起部分和深宽比对凝固裂纹形成的影响,凸起部分会造成凝固延迟、产生大的拉应力、促进S,P杂质元素的偏析;较大的深宽比会造成局部应力集中从而引发裂纹产生。采用不同工艺方法改变焊缝几何形状是解决激光焊接凝固裂纹的一个重要方向。     

焊接凝固裂纹数值模拟的研究及其进展

焊接凝固裂纹的产生与否取决于两个方面的因素,材料凝固裂纹阻力和凝固裂纹驱动力,凝固裂纹阻力可以通过试验方法来获得,而凝固裂纹驱动力主要采用有限元计算方法得到.对焊接凝固裂纹的形成机理、凝固裂纹驱动力曲线和焊接凝固裂纹阻力曲线的试验测量方法的数值模拟,以及防止凝固裂纹方法的数值模拟过程都进行了总结及展望.     

铝合金焊接热力耦合及凝固热裂纹敏感性分析

基于热传导方程及热弹性力学理论,建立了铝合金焊接热力耦合模型及有限元求解方法,利用红外线热成像仪实测温度场结果来修正高斯热源模型参数,确定了给定焊接参数的高斯热源模型。将温度场计算结果作为焊接热力计算的输入条件,得到焊接过程热冲击作用下的焊接结构应力应变场。通过计算分析,获得了给定焊接参数的铝合金结构在凝固裂纹敏感温度区间内的应力应变分布规律,并结合裂纹驱动力曲线,分析了不同焊接速度及电流下的凝固热裂纹倾向性。研究结论可以为进一步分析铝合金焊接热裂纹热力学特性提供参考。     

基于焊缝形状的二维焊接温度场模拟热源模型

焊接温度场数值模拟准确性是焊接应力变形数值的前提.二维模型由于其计算效率高是焊接过程有限元数值模拟的常用模型.然而,三维热源转变为施加在二维平面上的热源需要进行修正.本文提出基于焊缝几何形状的用于二维焊接温度场模拟的热源模型,根据焊缝几何形状来计算热源作用体积,并考虑了焊接移动热源对二维平面的作用,采用高斯分布函数来表征热源在时间上的变化.采用该热源模型对不锈钢板多道对接焊和p91管对接焊的温度场模拟,模拟结果和试验结果符合较好.     

基于二维焊接温度场检测的三维温度场计算机模拟

采用图象比色法,建立了焊接温度场实时检测系统,快速获取了二维焊接温度场分布。对于低碳钢薄板ＴＩＧ焊,利用实际检测二维温度场分布结果,对各种热源分析模型进行了验证,得到双椭圆热源分布模型二维温度场计算结果与实际温度检测结果最为接近。利用双椭圆热源分布的数值计算模型和实际检测二维温度场分布结果作为边界条件,获得了整个焊件更宽温度范围和三维温度场分布的在线模拟。正反熔宽模拟计算结果与实际的结果吻合。     

固定电弧等离子弧焊接热传导的数值计算

针对固定电弧等离子弧焊接过程建立了二维稳态热传导模型 ,在模型中考虑了工件表面与周围环境换热及辐射散热对整个焊接热过程的影响 ,并且将焊接电流在流经工件时产生的焦耳热作为热能方程的源项进行计算。针对所建立的模型 ,采用大型商业软件PHOENICS(Parabolichyperbolicorellipticnumericalintegrationcodeseries)对工件中的温度场以及电流密度的分布进行了计算。采用该软件对焊接热过程进行数值模拟 ,可以很方便地对求解变量和边界条件进行操作 ,显著提高了效率。比较结果显示 ,计算结果与实际测量结果吻合良好     

锻造用钢锭凝固过程温度场数值模拟及其应用

在分析锻造用钢锭凝固过程特点的基础上,建立起钢锭铸造凝固的二维非稳态温度场计算数学模型,并编制程序。计算结果反映了钢锭铸造凝固过程中温度场分布。利用该程序,可以对钢液在相似结构钢锭模中的凝固温度场进行预测和评价,也可以通过对比来优化钢锭模设计。     

激光焊接过程中残留液体金属的高速高倍在线观察

采用高速摄像机和光学显微镜构成的摄像装置对激光焊接熔池后端的凝固行为进行高速高倍摄像,详细记录了柱状晶从液态熔池后部析出过程以及残留在巳析出柱状晶周围的液体金屑的凝固行为.采用液体Sn急冷将焊接过程中正在凝固的焊缝金属冷冻保存到室温,并与高速高倍摄像观察到的熔池后端的凝固行为进行了对比分析.对3种奥氏体不锈钢材料焊缝凝...     

奥氏体不锈钢激光焊接过程中残留液体金属的在线观察

激光焊接时较快的冷却速度,有可能促进凝固热裂纹的生成,而凝固热裂纹的生成与凝固温度区间内的残留液体金属行为直接相关.采用由高速摄像机和光学显微镜头组成的摄像装置,针对SUS304,SUS316,SUS310S等3种奥氏体不锈钢激光焊接熔池后端残留液体金属的凝固行为进行高速高倍在线观察,对不同焊接速度下的熔池凝固行为进行了分析,并对3种材料凝固前沿残留液体金属的存在范围进行了量化比较.结果表明,在线观察法可辨别的残留液体金属是固液相共存区间的一部分,在线观察得到的残留液体金属的存在范围与热裂纹试验获得的热裂纹敏感性有较好的对应关系.     

Numerical simulation of temperature fields for weld metal solidification cracking in stainless steels

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Numerical simulation of temperature fields for weld metal solidification cracking in stainless steels Supported by the National Exploration Proposal

This paper has analyzed the influences of the he at input of the welding arc, the latent heat of solidification, the fluid flow of liquid metal on the heat conductivity pertaining to the welding solidification crack of stainless steels. As a result, two dimensional heat conduction models with the prescribed heat flux moving along the weld have been developed that can simulate welding arc, convection and radiation heat loss from top and bottom surfaces of the workpiece. Finally, the f inite element model was used to analyze and calculate the temperature fields.     

Research on Prediction Method of Liquation Cracking Susceptibility to Magnesium Alloy WeldsEI北大核心CSCD

Magnesium alloys has a wide application prospect due to their good properties, such as high specific strength and specific stiffness, but the susceptibility of liquation cracking is also pretty high. The liquation in partially melted zone of AZ-series magnesium alloys were investigated with circular-patch welding test. The AZ91, AZ31 base alloys were welded with AZ61 and AZ92 filler wires by using the cold metal transter metal inert-gas (CMT-MIG) welding. The results show that, the liquation occurred along the weld edge of AZ91 with the eutectic reaction occurring between gamma(Mg17Al12) phase and Mg-rich phase. The liquation susceptibility of AZ31 was pretty low as gamma(Mg17Al12) was not present in base metal of AZ31. Meanwhile, a new method for predicting liquation cracking based on binary phase diagram was proposed. When the initial solidification temperature of weld is higher and the solidification temperature range of weld is shorter than those of base metal, the liquation crack susceptibility of weld is mostly higher. When the initial solidification temperature of weld is close to or below that of base metal, and the solidification temperature range of weld is close to or longer than that of base metal, the liquation cracking susceptibility of weld is lower. This method worked well on predicting the effect of composition of base metal and filler wires on liquation cracking, and the predicting results are consistent with the experimental results. That is, the liquation cracking susceptibility is higher with AZ91 base metal used than that with AZ31 base metal. And, the liquation cracking susceptibility is lower with AZ92 filler wire than that with AZ61 filler wire.     

Microcracking in multipass weld metal of alloy 690 Part 3 – Prevention of microcracking in reheated weld metal by addition of La to filler metal

Abstract

The effect of addition of La to a filler metal on microcracking (ductility dip cracking) in the multipass weld metal of alloy 690 was investigated with the aim of improving its microcracking susceptibility. The susceptibility to ductility dip cracking in the reheated weld metal could be greatly improved by adding 0·01–0·02 wt-%La to the weld metal. Conversely, excessive La addition to the weld metal led to liquation and solidification cracking in the weld metal. Hot ductility of the weld metal at the cracking temperature was greatly improved by adding 0·01–0·02 wt-%La to the weld metal, implying that the ductility dip cracking susceptibility was decreased as a result of the desegregation of impurity elements of P and S to grain boundaries due to the scavenging effect of La. The liquation and solidification cracking resulting from excessive addition of La to the weld metal is attributed to the formation of liquefiable Ni–La intermetallic compound. A multipass welding test confirmed that microcracks in the multipass weldment were completely prevented by using a filler metal containing an addition of 0·01 wt-%La.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of solidification cracking behaviour in fibre laser welding of 6013 aluminium alloy

Abstract

Experimental observation and numerical modelling were employed to investigate the solidification cracking behaviour during fibre laser welding of 6013 aluminium alloy. The solidification cracking initiation location and propagation path were studied using a high speed camera system and via metallurgical analysis. A three-dimensional thermomechanical finite element model of fibre laser welding of aluminium alloys was developed, which considered cylindrical volumetric heat source, temperature dependent material properties, solidification shrinkage and stress relaxation in the weld molten pool. The transient evolution and distribution of mechanical strain in the brittle temperature range (BTR) were analysed in detail to find the factors which drove the crack initiation and propagation. The results showed that the solidification cracking initiated near the fusion line and then propagated along the centreline of the weld, which was the result of the strain distribution characteristic in BTR.     

焊丝中Si元素含量对铝合金接头裂纹敏感性的影响规律及机理

使用扫描电镜、能谱、温度场实时采集等测试方法,研究了焊丝中Si含量对AA6063铝合金GMAW焊接头热裂纹敏感性的影响规律及机理. 结果表明,当焊丝为纯铝时,鱼骨试样的焊缝中心会出现细长的焊接裂纹;当焊丝中的Si含量为4.5% ~ 6%时,裂纹的长度变短,但是开裂距离明显增加;当焊丝中的Si含量达到11% ~ 13%时,试样焊缝无裂纹出现. 随着Si含量的不断提高,合金易出现裂纹的凝固温度区间先增大后减小;焊丝中Si含量的不同还会影响凝固后期金属液的流动性,使得焊缝晶界处的物相成分和形态都有明显的区别;同时,Si含量的提高会使得接头的冷却速度先增加后减小,从而导致应力状态改变,热裂纹敏感性先升高后降低.     

手工自蔓延焊接热循环测试与分析

焊接过程是一个牵涉到传热传质、金属熔化与凝固的复杂过程,焊接能量分布、焊接熔池中的流体流动及其传热过程对焊接质量有着重要的影响。介绍了焊接热循环试验原理和试验设计,测试了手工自蔓延焊接热循环,并将测试结果与传统焊接热循环相比较,分析认为:在焊缝中心线上的温度循环中,距熔合线位置越远温度越低,在焊缝横截面上的温度循环随着布点距离的增大,温度下降;热循环在800℃以上停留时间过长,导致热影响区成为手工自蔓延焊接接头的薄弱区域,并提出了解决方案。