Cavitation reduction in the globe valve using oblique perforated cages: A numerical investigation

Globe valves are one of the oldest and most widely used flow control valves. However, cavitation due to high-pressure drop is a common phenomenon in such valves, reducing valve lifetime and increasing replacement costs. Recently, a series of perforated cages have been used in globe valves to reduce cavitation damage (especially in the body and disk). In this study, a globe valve is numerically investigated under four different structures, i.e., without the cage, with a perforated cage whose holes are radial, with a perforated cage whose holes are facing upwards, and with a perforated cage whose holes are facing downwards. The effects of the valve opening, inlet velocity, and holes direction on the pressure drop and cavitation incipient/intensity are investigated. The results show that cavitation is observed with the decrease of the valve opening even at the low velocities. And with increasing the velocity inlet, the pressure drop and cavitation intensity increase significantly. It can also be concluded that in the globe valve using a perforated cage with holes downwards, less cavitation is observed than in other models. Therefore, this configuration is proposed to protect the inner components of the valve (such as seat, seal, and plug) from cavitation damage.     

Study on the design of ball valve based on elastic ring valve seat structure and fluid characteristics and fatigue strength

Aimed at the technical problems such as the influence of granular medium on spring pre-tightening force sealing, a new ball valve based on elastic ring valve seat structure is studied. The spring plate type valve seat structure is designed to cooperate with the ball core for sealing, and the blade spring coil is used to cooperate with the ball core for sealing in the spring plate type valve seat structure. Wherein the supporting back ring supports the blade leaf spring on the outer side to enhance and protect the role of the blade spring coil. The design without the spring cavity avoids the problem of sealing failure caused by medium entering into the spring cavity and affecting the compression spring, and avoids the situation that the valve seat can be sealed with the ball core by pre-tightening the compression spring, thus avoiding the problem of sealing failure caused by the valve seat sticking on the valve body. The mechanical and flow characteristics are studied and analyzed by the ball valve characteristic test system. The stem torque, unbalance torque, flow characteristics and flow coefficient variation at different nominal diameters are analyzed. The seal allowable squeeze stress and seal surface pressure are analyzed, and the seal is stable and reliable with the seal pressure meeting the seal design criteria. The fluid dynamics simulation analyzes the velocity, pressure and flow traces of the fluid flowing through the ball valve under three opening degrees: fully closed, half open and fully open, the maximum velocity-pressure and opening degree variation curves of the inlet and outlet, the maximum velocity-pressure and opening degree variation curves of the inlet and outlet under different nominal diameters and the flow resistance coefficient curves. Static strength analysis was done for the ball core and spring plate seat structure to obtain the stress, displacement, strain and safety factor. The fatigue strength of the ball spool and spring-loaded plate seat structure was analyzed, and the total number of lives (cycles) and load factors were obtained, and the results show that the fatigue strength of the ball spool and spring-loaded plate seat structure is safe and the fatigue strength meets the requirements. Ball valve pressure test, low pressure sealing test and high pressure sealing test, valve body strength and ball valve sealing performance all meet the requirements.     

直角截止阀噪声特性分析及优化设计

针对直角截止阀振动噪声较大的实际问题,建立了某型号直角截止阀的流场结构,并利用CFD数值计算方法对其在不同开度下的压力、速度和湍流动能进行了计算。计算结果显示,直角截止阀在阀口位置具有明显的空化现象和湍流噪声,且阀口开度越小,噪声问题越明显。针对该问题,对直角截止阀的阀芯、阀座和回油腔流道结构进行了低噪声优化设计和计算分析。计算结果表明,优化后的新型直角截止阀与原阀相比,空化系数减小了10%以上、湍流噪声降低了20 dB以上,具有良好的低噪声性能。     

Water Hydraulic 2/2 Directional Valve with Plane Piston Structure

Due to the fire resistance and environmental compatibility, using water as the working fluid in hydraulic circuits is receiving an increasing attention by both manufactures and users. This hydraulic directional valve is developed. When new water hydraulic directional valve is designed and manufactured, this paper introduces a water hydraulic 2/2 directional valve and its principle. The valve is composed of a hydraulically operated seat valve and a magnetic 3/2 direction valve. Aimed at the serious leakage and impact generating easily in reversing suddenly, an improved structure of water space seal is changed to direct seal, compaction force between main valve spool and main valve pocket was logically designed and damper in pilot valve port is matched with sensitive cavity in main valve. From the view of flow control, the methods of cavitation resistance of the directional water hydraulic valve are investigated. The computational fluid dynamics approaches are applied to obtain static pressure distributions and cavitation images in the channel of the main stage of the valve with two kinds of structure. The results show that the method of optimized spout can effectively restrain cavitation. The work provides some useful reference for developing water hydraulic control valve with the Dower noise and lower vibration. Meantime, the structural parameters are optimized on the basis of information obtained from simulation. Static test, dynamic test and life test are accomplished, and the results show that the water hydraulic directional valve possesses good property, its pressure loss is 1.1 MPa lower, switching time is shorter than 0.025 s, and its strike crest is 0.8 MPa lower. The valve possess fine dynamic performance with the characteristic rapidly action and lower implusion.     

锥阀典型面密封结构空化喘振数值仿真研究

针对锥阀典型面密封结构中的空化流场进行了数值仿真研究,基于LES湍流模型、mixture多相流模型与Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,研究复现了阀口大尺度空穴。研究表明:面密封结构易导致流束内收缩效应,形成流束外扩与阀座壁面贴合的固定漩涡,进而诱导固定空化的形成。固定空化在恒定的入口压力条件下表现出尺度周期交变的喘振特性。出口压力条件不改变空化喘振频率,但出口压力越小喘振幅值越大。开度增大导致空化尺度先增大后减小,故喘振幅值先升高再下降;同时导致空化发育速度变慢,喘振频率下降。可依据对喘振特性的预测设置蓄能装置,实现更优的空化喘振削弱效果。     

低压下锥阀振荡空化的可视化试验研究

锥阀是压力控制阀中常用的阀结构形式,其阀芯的轴向振荡直接影响着压力控制阀的调压精度和工作稳定性。针对先导级锥阀,运用可视化的试验方法,研究锥阀在弹簧预压缩量不变且开启压力低于2.5 MPa时的阀芯振荡过程和阀口空化现象。结果表明,阀芯的振荡型态与流量密切相关。在流量低于2.0 L/min的失稳振荡现象中,阀芯会撞击阀座,阀口处流场瞬间断流,大量气泡在阀口尾部快速溃灭,并出现明显的回弹现象;在流量高于2.6 L/min的失稳振荡现象中,阀芯不会撞击阀座,阀口处出现有空化和无空化两种情况,且有空化失稳振荡时的阀芯振动和压力波动幅值明显大于无空化时;流量介于2.0~2.6 L/min时,阀芯的失稳振荡处于过渡区间,撞击阀座和不撞击阀座的现象都可能出现。     

基于计算流体动力学解析的液压锥阀噪声评价

结合试验结果和计算流体动力学的解析结果，研究液压锥阀的噪声评价方法。对Oshima和Ichikawa试验所用的液压锥阀进行计算流体动力学解析，得到流入和流出两种工况下，对应不同的锥面夹角时阀座上的压力分布和速度分布。
对压力和速度进行积分加权分析，结合前人试验所得液压锥阀噪声特性，找到一种基于压力分布和漩涡脱离回流的液压锥阀噪声特性评价方法。应用该方法对实际液压锥阀进行噪声评价，评价结果与试验结果一致，证明了该方法的可行性。     

小开度节流阀流场特征及空化流动的数值分析

基于两相空化流动的控制方程和湍流模型,对节流阀在小开度下的流场特征及空化流动进行数值分析。结果表明:流体在流经节流口时,流速急剧增加,压力迅速降低至液体的饱和蒸汽压以下,形成空化。当节流阀出入口压差增大时,出口边界流速明显提高,出口两侧的流速差异更加明显,且在低速流一侧形成涡流。并且,出入口压力差的增加、阀门开度的减小会导致空化区域扩大,强度增加。研究成果可为节流阀的后续优化设计和操作提供理论依据。     

多级笼式套筒减压阀的设计及阀口流量特性研究

我国船舶蒸汽动力系统汽轮给水泵组属于小容量机组,所配置的再循环阀能保护给水泵在小流量工况下的安全性,但同时存在小流量工况时给水泵振动噪声显著放大的现象。因此需设置一联动的回水调节阀门,在给水调节阀开度较小的工况下,通过打开联动的回水阀提高回水量,降低给水泵机组以及再循环阀运行振动噪声。针对回水调节阀的多级笼式套筒减压阀口进行研究,利用FLUENT流体计算仿真软件对不同开度时阀口的流量特性进行了数值模拟,并通过试验对阀口的流量特性进行了验证。研究结果表明,多级笼式套筒减压结构使回水调节阀自身具有低噪声性能,可有效改善给水泵机组的运行工况。     

Influence of the flow area around the ball valve on the flow characteristics of the injector control valve

The increase in common rail pressure can lead to increased cavitation inside the injector, resulting in degradation of injector performance and reduced life. The paper investigates the effect of the pressure block structure parameters (initial flow area around the ball valve) on the velocity field, pressure field, fuel gas phase volume fraction and drain rate of the control valve. The relationship between the initial flow area around the ball valve on the cavitation strength and unloading rate inside the valve was revealed. The results show that both the reduction of the flow area around the ball valve and the increase of the cavitation intensity inhibit the rate of oil discharge from the control valve. The reduction of the fuel flow area inhibits the expansion of the low-pressure region (0–1 MPa) within the flow layer, thus limiting the development of cavitation. The reduction of the cavitation area increases the fuel flow rate, however, the increase in flow rate increases the cavitation phenomenon, and these changes form a cycle (Reviewer 5. comment 2). The increase in cavitation inhibits the control valve pressure relief rate more significantly than the decrease in the initial flow area around the ball valve. Based on this, a stepped-pressure block model is proposed. The stepped pressure block model can effectively reduce the cavitation strength near the seal and enhance the oil discharge rate of the control valve. The study can provide a reference for the engineering optimization design of high-pressure common rail injector control valves.     

基于压力分布模式的液压阀空化噪声评价

比较Oshima和Ichikawa由液压锥阀实验所得空化噪声变化和阀座上的压力分布曲线,提出基于压力分布模式评价液压锥阀空化噪声的方法。对实验所用液压锥阀进行CFD解析,得到阀座上的压力分布曲线,与实验所得噪声曲线相比较,找到评价节流口噪声的3种压力分布模式。对带V形节流口的液压滑阀流入和流出两种流动状态进行CFD解析,验证了压力分布模式评价方法在滑阀空化噪声评价中的可行性。     

调压阀流体空化特性仿真及影响因素分析

针对船用二级调压阀空化问题,建立流域瞬态仿真模型,结合Singhal空化模型和标准k-ε湍流模型对调压阀流体空化现象进行数值模拟,通过流场气体体积分数分析,得出了流体空化强度及分布形态的演变规律,通过流体速度场和压力场分析,阐明了空化演变过程调压阀流场特性,进而研究了开度、流量和背压对调压阀流体空化现象的影响规律.结果...     

不同开口度下的煤矿水液压安全阀的气蚀特性

针对煤矿水液压安全阀存在的严重气蚀问题,建立双排阀口的CFD模型,分析了不同启动次序和开口度的阀腔气相体积分数和压力分布云图,并得到其影响规律及最佳的阀口开启次序.研究表明:3种开启方式下,开口度为0.8～1.2 mm时气蚀均较为严重;同步开启时,综合抗气蚀效果最差,开口度为0.8～1.2 mm时极易形成涡旋,且对气蚀...     

SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT OF BUBBLY FLOW INSIDE THROTTLING GROOVE

The relationship between pressure distribution and cavitation (noise) inside throttling groove is investigated by numerical simulation and experimental method. A valve pocket with several transducers is performed to detect the pressure distributions inside the valve chamber, and the results fit quite well with the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis. High-speed imaging techniques are employed to investigate the cavitation mechanisms, in particular bubble inception and cluster formation near the throttling groove. A spectrum analyzer is used to measure the sound pressure level of noise generated by the bubble flow. It is found that the pressure distributions inside the groove are sensitive to the valve port configuration and back pressure. The pressure distribution determines the bubble size and number passing through the valve grooves and the sound pressure level of noise induced by collapsing bubbles. The inlet pressure mainly affects the saturation degree of bubbly flow inside the groove and the intensity of sound pressure level accordingly.     

Investigation of the mechanical behavior of a flexible solid metal seal for a cryogenic butterfly valve

Seat tightness at the fully shut position should be a consideration in the development of a butterfly valve for use in a liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessel. A flexible solid metal seal offers sufficient tightness of the butterfly valve and meets the specifications for cryogenic temperature. In the present study, characteristics for a cryogenic butterfly valve, such as the flow coefficient and the pressure loss coefficient, were estimated by numerical fluid analysis carried out to simulate 3-D flow and to study performance as it was affected by the opening angles of the valve disc. A design criterion to ensure the seat tightness of the butterfly valve at the fully shut position was proposed, in which the contact pressure between the metal seal and the valve disc would be compared with the fluid pressure. Numerical structural analysis showed that the contact pressure can be calculated by simulation of the frictional contact behavior on the surface of the metal seal and the valve disc. As a result, an adequate flexibility of the metal seal and the valve disc was required in order to accomplish a contact pressure that would be high enough to satisfy the seat tightness requirement. Under cryogenic temperature, thermal shrinkage caused the metal seal to adhere closely to the valve disc periphery at both sides and raised the contact pressure to a relatively high value, though there was no contact across a small area at the center position, which is susceptible to leakage. An additional displacement of the metal seal and the valve disc appeared at an operating fluid pressure of 6.9 bar and produced sufficient contact pressure at the no-contact area. This was verified by experimental leakage tests performed at room and cryogenic temperatures.     

水滴迷宫式调节阀空化特性计算与结构改进

针对超(超)临界机组中水滴迷宫式调节阀在高温高压工况下引起的严重气蚀问题,基于计算流体力学理论和空化机理,选用标准k-ε湍流模型、Mixture模型和Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,比较了改进前后调节阀在典型开度下的压力、速度、气相体积分数等结构性能.计算结果表明:原始碟片结构压降大,最大可至19.95 MPa,流...     

Multi structural parameter analysis based on the labyrinth valve design with high pressure drop and low noise

Labyrinth channel design is a key for achieving high pressure loss for the labyrinth valve in a thermal power plant. However, the labyrinth channel structures are relatively complex, with many influencing parameters. An unreasonable design generates high noise, adversely affecting personnel and equipment. In this paper, pressure drop is used as a typical parameter for evaluating pressure loss performance, while cavitation, flow velocity, and transmission loss are used as characteristic parameters for assessing noise performance. A comprehensive evaluation criteria of noise performance is constructed. The numerical models with various stage numbers, entrance widths, channel depths, transition part parameters, and expansion coefficients are established, the effects of different structural parameters on the labyrinth channel pressure loss and noise performance are systematically studied to achieve a labyrinth valve design with high pressure loss and low noise. The results show that the influence of different structural parameters on the labyrinth channel pressure loss and noise performance is not the same. The parameter selection of multi-stage, small entrance width, medium channel depth, large transition part parameters, and high expansion coefficient is important way for realizing the design of high pressure loss and low noise labyrinth valve.     

调节阀噪声分析与气穴研究

以套筒式调节阀为研究对象,通过流体动力学知识和噪声理论对其内部流场进行分析,得到套筒式调节阀产生振动的原因,并找出了调节阀内流道中产生气穴现象的位置。通过CFD数值模拟,计算出在某一开度下调节阀的速度矢量图,并与理论分析的气穴现象进行对比分析。该理论分析和CFD技术的采用,使得低噪声、高性能的套筒式调节阀的设计周期更短,成本更低,效果更好。     

多级降压调节阀流激振动特性分析

分析某管路系统多级降压调节阀的流激振动问题,仿真得到调节阀小开度、中等开度、全开3种工况下压力、速度、漩涡速度云图、压力脉动时域与频域特性曲线及流激振动频率范围.利用热流固耦合模态分析得到调节阀固有频率.将流激振动主频与固有频率相对比,验证调节阀工作可靠性.分析得出:随着开度增大,各级降压效果明显,大涡逐渐形成小涡,且...     

水压锥阀空化射流流场结构与流量特性的相关性研究

为了研究水压锥阀空化流场与流量特性的相关性,对两种阀座结构的水压锥阀内部的空化射流开展了三维动态流场仿真.结果表明,直角型锥阀和倒角型锥阀均在阀芯后沿存在分离流诱发的附着型空化,在阀口下游有漩涡空化;此外,倒角阀座流道内亦存在分离流现象并形成附着型空化.倒角型流道入口处的分离流造成流体的局部加速,对于0.6 mm开口度...