Formalism of new ternary model expressed in terms of binary regular-solution type parameters

In the previous paper, we have presented a new method for calculating ternary thermodynamic properties based on three binaries. This new model can overcome the inherent defects for both current symmetrical and asymmetrical models and can combine two kinds of current models into one. More important, it can eventually realize the computerization for calculating thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams for multicomponent systems. In this paper we will give this new model a new formalism based on binary regular-solution type parameters. When this model is applied, all we need to do is substitute these parameters into formulae presented here and evaluate them by using a simple calculator. Since a large number of real systems can be approximately fit through a regular-solution type model, therefore, this new formalism is significant.     

A method for the prediction of the temperature dependence of ternary interaction parameters

The method presented in this work is based on the use of the predictive capacity of thermodynamic models. To illustrate the applicability of the method, the model of Jacob and Alcock (3) was used to predict the temperature dependence of Gibbs free energy interaction parameters in liquid Pb-O-X systems. The prediction was found to be very accurate, especially when the enthalpy interaction parameters of the reference and of the predicted systems were of the same magnitude (Fig. 1). Although in the present illustrative case the solvent was the same (liquid Pb) for both the reference and the predicted systems, the method will nevertheless allow the two solvents to be different. Also, when applying the method to other systems, different thermodynamic models can be used.     

Linux内核参数对Spark负载性能影响的研究

关于Spark性能的研究目前正在成为热点,但调优策略多位于应用层,而不是系统层。操作系统作为硬件之上的第一层软件,对硬件性能发挥起着根本作用。Linux内核提供了丰富的参数作为优化性能的接口,但实际中,这些参数的作用并没有得到充分发挥。人们更多是采用系统默认值,而不是根据具体环境进行调整。然而本文实验发现,系统默认值并不一定是最好的选择,有时甚至是最坏的。定义了"影响比"这一概念,并基于此概念提出了一种通过分析内核函数的执行情况来认识参数对Spark应用影响的方法。针对Spark内存计算的特点,从大页、NUMA这两个与使用内存紧密相关的方面分析了相关内核参数对几种典型Spark负载的性能影响,并由此得出一些结论。希望本文的分析和结论可以为Spark平台合理设置内核参数提供一些参考。     

Impact of routing parameters on route diversity and path inflation

Years after the initial development of the current routing protocols we still lack an understanding of the impact of various parameters on the routes chosen in today’s Internet. Network operators are struggling to optimize their routing, but the effectiveness of those efforts is limited.In this article, we study sensitivity of routing stretch and diversity metrics to factors such as policies, topology, IGP weights, etc. using statistical techniques. We confirm previous findings that routing policies and AS size (in number of routers) are the dominating factors. Surprisingly, we find that intra-domain factors only have marginal impact on global path properties.Moreover, we study path inflation by comparing against the paths that are shortest in terms of AS-level/router-level hops or geographic distances. Overall, the majority of routes incur reasonable stretch. From the experience with our Internet-scale simulations, we find it hard to globally optimize path selection with respect to the geographic length of the routes, as long as inter-domain routing protocols do not include an explicit notion of geographic distance in the routing information.     

Impact of workload and system parameters on next generation clusterscheduling mechanisms

Scheduling of processes onto processors of a parallel machine has always been an important and challenging area of research. The issue becomes even more crucial and difficult as we gradually progress to the use of off-the-shelf workstations, operating systems, and high bandwidth networks to build cost-effective clusters for demanding applications. Clusters are gaining acceptance not just in scientific applications that need supercomputing power, but also in domains such as databases, web service, and multimedia which place diverse Quality-of-Service (QoS) demands on the underlying system. Further, these applications have diverse characteristics in terms of their computation, communication, and I/O requirements, making conventional parallel scheduling solutions, such as space sharing or gang scheduling, unattractive. At the same time, leaving it to the native operating system of each node to make decisions independently can lead to ineffective use of system resources whenever there is communication. Instead, an emerging class of dynamic coscheduling mechanisms that attempt to take remedial actions to guide the system toward coscheduled execution without requiring explicit synchronization offers a lot of promise for cluster scheduling. Using a detailed simulator, this paper evaluates the pros and cons of different dynamic coscheduling alternatives while comparing their advantages over traditional gang scheduling (and not performing any coordinated scheduling at all). The impact of dynamic job arrivals, job characteristics, and different system parameters on these alternatives is evaluated in terms of several performance criteria. In addition, heuristics to enhance one of the alternatives even further are identified, classified, and evaluated. It is shown that these heuristics can significantly outperform the other alternatives over a spectrum of workload and system parameters and is thus a much better option for clusters than conventional gang scheduling     

Impact of design parameters on working stability of the electrothermal V-shaped actuator

This paper mentions a detail calculation of the equivalent dynamic parameters in differential equations of motion of the electrothermal V-shaped actuator. A heat transfer model for a thin beam (including the dependence of material properties on the temperature) is applied in order to solve more exactly temperature distribution and displacement of V-shaped beam system. Comparing the values of displacement in both calculation and simulation confirmed a higher accuracy of proposed equations. Moreover, a related formula between the minimum conversion stiffness and driving voltage amplitude is analyzed and examined to avoid the buckling phenomenon may occur in V-shaped beam system while working at a high voltage.

     

Traces of ternary relations

In this paper, we generalize the notion of traces of a binary relation to the setting of ternary relations. With a given ternary relation, we associate three binary relations: its left, middle and right trace. As in the binary case, these traces facilitate the study and characterization of properties of a ternary relation. Interestingly, the traces themselves turn out to be the greatest solutions of relational inequalities associated with newly introduced compositions of a ternary relation with a binary relation (and vice versa).     

Impact of rainfall anomalies on Fourier parameters of NDVI time series of northwestern Argentina

This paper describes a method to detect the impact of rainfall anomalies on vegetation phenology, in terms of timing (phase) and greenness, by using Fourier series to fit a time series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) observations. The study was conducted in the northern semiarid region of Argentina, where rainfall is the driving factor of vegetation phenology. A 9‐year time series of monthly NDVI Global Area Coverage (GAC) images, obtained with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), was split into nine series of 12‐monthly images, each corresponding to a yearly growth cycle. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm was applied to each cycle, and derived parameters were analysed according to rainfall anomalies for irrigated and rainfed crops, grasslands and native forest. Derived Fourier parameters were: mean NDVI, amplitude and phase. Both negative and positive rainfall anomalies had a significant impact on the Fourier parameters. Amplitude and phase were the most sensitive parameters. Droughts modified the monomodal structure of the yearly cycle by decreasing the contribution of the 12‐month periodic component and increasing the contribution of the 6‐month component. The impact of drought on the Fourier parameters was highest for rainfed crops. Yearly values of Fourier parameters for grasslands and native forest were affected by prevailing hydrological conditions over the previous year.     

Operation of ternary chorded keys

Operation of the ternary chord keyboard (TCK) requires fast and finely controlled force and displacement by the fingertips in a horizontal plane—that is, rocking instead of the familiar tapping of keys. Associated human motoric abilities relate to finger movement directions, force capabilities, and responses to displayed stimuli. Underlying mental tasks are memorization of the chords for each character to be generated and control of simultaneous fingertip movements.

Experiments were performed: (1) on a TCK prototype to measure the time needed to learn its operation and to assess keying performance, and (2) on specially designed experimental apparatus to measure finger mobility, strength, and speed. The results indicate that finger mobility, strength, and tapping performance were not well correlated with keying performance and that the TCK principle is feasible.     

准最佳三进阵列偶

最佳二进阵列在通信领域中有着广泛的应用,但由于其存在体积的限制,制约了它的应用范围,针对这种现象,提出了一种新的最佳离散信号,即准最佳三进阵列偶,给出了准最佳三阵列偶的定义和变换性质,研究了它的组合允许条件,分析了它与准最佳二进阵列偶、准最佳屏蔽二进阵列偶以及最佳三进阵列偶之间的关系,并用计算机搜索出部分小体积的准最佳三进阵列偶。实验结果显示准最佳三进阵列偶的存在范围非常广泛,为通信工程的应用提供了更多的选择。     

Toward novel designs of reversible ternary 6:2 Compressor using efficient reversible ternary full-adders

Integrated circuits always face with two major challenges including heat caused by energy losses and the area occupied. In recent years, different strategies have been presented to reduce these two major challenges. The implementations of circuits in a reversible manner as well as the use of multiple-valued logic are among the most successful strategies. Reversible circuits reduce energy loss and ultimately eliminate the problem of overheating in circuits. Preferring multiple-valued logic over binary logic can also greatly reduce area occupied of circuits. When switching from binary logic to multiple-valued logic, the dominant thought in binary logic is the basis of designing computational circuits in multiple-valued logic, and disregards the capabilities of multiple-valued logic. This can cause a minimal use of multiple-valued logic capabilities, increase complexity and delay in the multiple-valued computational circuits. In this paper, we first introduce an efficient reversible ternary half-adder. Afterward, using the reversible ternary half-adder, we introduce two reversible versions of traditional and comprehensive reversible ternary full-adders. Finally, using the introduced reversible ternary full-adders, we propose two novel designs of reversible ternary 6:2 Compressor. The results of the comparisons show that although the proposed circuits are similar to or better than previous corresponding designs in terms of criteria number of constant input and number of garbage outputs, they are superior in criterion quantum cost.

     

Calculation of ternary fluoride glass compositions

The recent discovery of a new family of non-oxide glasses based on mixtures of ZrF₄ or HfF₄ with other metallic fluorides by M. Poulain and coworkers offers great potential in optical fiber, window and source/detector application. Due to the limited phase diagram data available for the binary, ternary and multicomponent fluoride systems currently employed to synthesize these glasses most of the progress in identifying new compositions has proceeded along empirical lines. In order to remedy this situation, the CALPHAD method for coupling phase diagram and thermochemical data has been applied to develop a data base covering metallic fluorides. The objective is to permit computation of multicomponent phase diagrams which can be used to identify the composition range where the liquid is most stable. The latter offers opportunities for glass formation as demonstrated by predictions of new metallic glasses. Currently the data base covers combinations of 0.2 ZrF₄(ZF), 0.25 LaF ₃(LF) 0.333 BaF₂(BF), 0.333 PbF₂(PF), 0.5 NaF(NF), 0.5RbF(RF), O.5CsF(CF) and 0.5 KF(KF) which have been developed along the lines described earlier for III–V, II–VI and SIALON systems. These results were used to generate computed liquidus contours in LF-ZF-BF and BF-ZF-NF to disclose the range of composition in which the liquid has the greatest stability. These compositions agree well with those in which Poulain and coworkers have discovered glass formation.     

CMOS Design of Ternary Arithmetic Devices

This paper presents CMOS circuit designs of a ternary adder and a ternary multiplier,formulated using transmission function theory.Binary carry signals appearing in these designs allow conventional look-ahead carry techniques to be used.compared with previous similar designs,the circuits proposed in this paper have advantages such as low dissipation,low output impedance,and simplicity of construction.     

基于三进制的loop细分方法

提出了一种基于三进制的loop细分算法。该算法主要是借鉴多分辨率分析中三进制双正交对称插值小波的形成原理,将三进制的概念引入到loop细分方法中,然后分析其细分矩阵,从而得到了三进制loop细分算法。实例表明,该算法能用较少的细分次数获得理想光滑的曲面,从而提高了细分的收敛速度。     

Activities and ternary phase diagrams

A set of theoretical formulae for calculating activities along the liquid surface in ternary phase diagrams has been presented. These formulae are rigorous since no assumption is made in the derivation. The expressions are generalized and can be simplified to the forms presented by Pelton, Chou, Elliott and Gokcen under certain conditions. In practice, the activity of the components are desired at a fixed temperature instead of a variable temperature like that along a liquid surface. Under this situation, with reasonable assumptions the equations can be further simplified such that they do not contain any partial thermodynamic properties. Activities can then be readily calculated from phase diagrams. The method presented in this paper is for a ternary system and can be extended to multicomponent systems.