Design and experimental research of internal leakage detection device of buried pipeline ball valve based on valve cavity pressure detection

Valve is a key control component in the oil and gas long-distance pipelines, and the internal leakage detection of the valve has important research significance and application value. In this paper, a new method for detecting internal leakage of the buried pipeline ball valve based on the pressure change of the valve cavity was proposed. Firstly, a simplified internal leakage model of ball valve was established, and the change law of valve cavity pressure under different openings was obtained by finite element simulation. Secondly, a set of detection device was designed based on the internal leakage principle of buried ball valve and an experimental platform of ball valve internal leakage was built. Then, the pressure signal of the ball valve cavity under different openings and different pressures was collected by the pressure sensor, and the relationship between the power source pressure, the opening and the time required for the valve cavity pressure to reach equilibrium was established. Finally, the internal leakage degree of ball valve was simulated by ball valve opening and the Back Propagation (BP) neural network was selected to invert the ball valve opening. The inversion results showed that the maximum relative error of the liquid and gas experiment were 13.4% and 19.1%, respectively. The inversion results also verified the feasibility of BP neural network in the inversion calculation of the internal leakage degree of the ball valve, which provides guidance for the study of the classification of the internal leakage degree. The experiment and inversion results show that the proposed method can realize the detection of the internal leakage of the buried ball valve, which provides application reference in practice.     

Prediction method of ball valve internal leakage rate based on acoustic emission technology

Valves on natural gas transmission pipelines are prone to internal leakage due to the influence of environment, transportation medium, misoperation and other factors. Therefore, timely and accurate detection of valve internal leakage is of great significance to the safe operation of the pipelines. As a non-destructive testing method, acoustic emission (AE) technology can be used for online detection of internal leakage of valve. In order to improve the accuracy of AE technology for detecting valve internal leakage, a ball valve internal leakage detection method based on acoustic emission technology is proposed. Firstly, the AE signal generated by the internal leakage of the ball valve is detected by AE sensor, and the AE signal is denoised by wavelet packet threshold denoising. Secondly, the characteristic parameters with high correlation with the internal leakage rate of the ball valve are selected by using the correlation coefficient method to form the sample feature set. Finally, the mathematical model between the internal leakage rate of the ball valve and the characteristic parameters is established by using the sparrow search algorithm to optimize the backpropagation neural network, and to predict the internal leakage rate of the ball valve. An experimental platform is built to verify that the proposed method can predict the internal leakage rate of the ball valve more accurately. It provides strong technical support for the safe operation of natural gas transmission pipelines.     

压力管道漏损探测系统设计与应用

地下压力管道敷设在地下具有隐蔽性,由于管网材料、施工、使用、运行、外部环境、管理等因素,造成管网漏损现象非常普遍。查找压力管道漏点位置主要采用听漏判别法,通过对不同漏点的声音进行判别,从而确定漏点的位置。该文通过设计一套压力管道漏损探测系统,在管道组不同子管路上模拟漏水点,且在子管路上迅速切换,以分辨和掌握不同管材、管径、流速的漏点声音特质;通过各种阀门的开闭来模拟漏水点;最后通过对压力管道漏损量计算,检验系统的可行性。     

基于瞬态压力波法的输油管道泄漏检测技术研究

近年来,油管道泄漏事故频繁发生,为保障管道安全运行和将泄漏事故造成的危害减少到最小,需要研究泄漏检测技术以获得更高的泄漏检测灵敏度和定位精度。针对输油管道的特点,分析了瞬态压力波泄漏检测技术的定位原理以及影响准确定位的关键因素,对热油输送管道沿程瞬态压力波传播速度的变化进行了研究。另外利用信号奇异点与小波变换模极大值在多尺度上变化对应的性质,将小波变换应用到扑捉泄漏压力信号序列的特征拐点中,使压力波时间差更加精确,从而有效提高了输油管道泄漏检测的定位精度。     

Reliability prediction system based on the failure rate model for electronic components

Although many methodologies for predicting the reliability of electronic components have been developed, their reliability might be subjective according to a particular set of circumstances, and therefore it is not easy to quantify their reliability. Among the reliability prediction methods are the statistical analysis based method, the similarity analysis method based on an external failure rate database, and the method based on the physics-of-failure model. In this study, we developed a system by which the reliability of electronic components can be predicted by creating a system for the statistical analysis method of predicting reliability most easily. The failure rate models that were applied are MILHDBK-217F N2, PRISM, and Telcordia (Bellcore), and these were compared with the general purpose system in order to validate the effectiveness of the developed system. Being able to predict the reliability of electronic components from the stage of design, the system that we have developed is expected to contribute to enhancing the reliability of electronic components.     

内压自封式阀门泄漏原因探讨和设计参数的选择

通过对旋启式止回阀中法兰内压自封式密封副结构发生泄漏及采取修复措施失败的原因分析,阐述了为专用试验台架特定设计的阀门,应谨慎引入标准规定的有关参数。     

截止阀密封面宽度对泄漏量影响的试验研究

通过试验,得出了金属硬密封截止阀随口径的增大,最小泄漏点密封面宽度增工总结出各种口径阀门泄漏量和密封面宽度关系的的似公式。     

神经网络在航空活塞发动机排气门故障预测中的应用

针对航空活塞发动机排气门卡阻故障,经过对故障机理的分析,提出了一种利用神经网络对排气门导套与气门杆的配合间障进行预测,以间接预测排气门卡阻故障的方法。将影响排气门积垢速率的因素设定合理的特征值,以这些特征值和发动工作时间作为输入向量,配合间隙作为输出向量,分别建立了GRNN神经网络和BP神经网络预测模型。预测实例表明,GRNN神经网络预测模型具有较高的预测精度、稳定的网络以及较快的收敛速度,预测性能优于BP神经网络模型,预测结果可作为评估排气门卡阻故障发生概率的有效依据。     

Study on the design of ball valve based on elastic ring valve seat structure and fluid characteristics and fatigue strength

Aimed at the technical problems such as the influence of granular medium on spring pre-tightening force sealing, a new ball valve based on elastic ring valve seat structure is studied. The spring plate type valve seat structure is designed to cooperate with the ball core for sealing, and the blade spring coil is used to cooperate with the ball core for sealing in the spring plate type valve seat structure. Wherein the supporting back ring supports the blade leaf spring on the outer side to enhance and protect the role of the blade spring coil. The design without the spring cavity avoids the problem of sealing failure caused by medium entering into the spring cavity and affecting the compression spring, and avoids the situation that the valve seat can be sealed with the ball core by pre-tightening the compression spring, thus avoiding the problem of sealing failure caused by the valve seat sticking on the valve body. The mechanical and flow characteristics are studied and analyzed by the ball valve characteristic test system. The stem torque, unbalance torque, flow characteristics and flow coefficient variation at different nominal diameters are analyzed. The seal allowable squeeze stress and seal surface pressure are analyzed, and the seal is stable and reliable with the seal pressure meeting the seal design criteria. The fluid dynamics simulation analyzes the velocity, pressure and flow traces of the fluid flowing through the ball valve under three opening degrees: fully closed, half open and fully open, the maximum velocity-pressure and opening degree variation curves of the inlet and outlet, the maximum velocity-pressure and opening degree variation curves of the inlet and outlet under different nominal diameters and the flow resistance coefficient curves. Static strength analysis was done for the ball core and spring plate seat structure to obtain the stress, displacement, strain and safety factor. The fatigue strength of the ball spool and spring-loaded plate seat structure was analyzed, and the total number of lives (cycles) and load factors were obtained, and the results show that the fatigue strength of the ball spool and spring-loaded plate seat structure is safe and the fatigue strength meets the requirements. Ball valve pressure test, low pressure sealing test and high pressure sealing test, valve body strength and ball valve sealing performance all meet the requirements.     

管道不可压缩流体泄漏量与压力变化的关系研究

实际工程中,大多数的石油运输管道只允许安装压力传感器检测泄漏情况,流量计仅安装在收费口处,而且对于不可压缩流体无法通过临界压力条件计算泄漏量。基于应力应变公式,通过研究管道的微元体受压时管壁的径向位移与管内压强的关系,得出管道体积随管道压力的应变响应。以管道容积膨胀的改变量表征管道中不可压缩流体的泄漏量,得到不可压缩流体的泄漏量计算模型。建立管道受压膨胀的COMSOL模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果和推导公式均表明管道的体积应变与管道压力呈二次抛物线关系,但当管道内压力变化不大时,二者之间可近似为线性关系。此外,建立实验平台得到了压力为0 MPa~0.8 MPa时的泄漏量,验证了不可压缩流体与压力变化之间的线性关系。理论和实验结果为管道内不可压缩流体泄漏量的计算提供了理论依据。     

长输管道泄压阀水力瞬变分析及瞬变工况测试

介绍了长输管道泄压阀的结构及工作原理,分析了水击产生的原因,进行了水力瞬变分析编程计算,设计了泄压阀水力瞬变测试流程。通过试验验证泄压阀对管路水力状态的影响,为泄压阀控制水击提供了理论和试验依据。     

基于RBF神经网络的飞机蓄压油箱爆破故障诊断

本文采用径向基（RBF）神经网络，对军用飞机燃油系统蓄压油箱空中爆破进行故障诊断，结果表明RBF神经网络具有精度高，收敛速度快等优点，可应用于飞机燃油系统其它部件的故障诊断。     

基于灰色预测和BP的集气管压力集成预测方法

针对焦炉煤气集气过程是一个高度复杂的工业生产过程,难以获得焦炉集气管压力的精确数学模型的问题,提出一种基于灰色预测和BP神经网络的集气管压力集成预测模型。该模型首先利用灰色预测和BP神经网络分别对焦炉集气管压力进行预测,然后采用熵值法确定各预测子模型的加权系数,将两个子模型进行加权集成,可以获得较为准确的焦炉集气管压力值。将其预测性能与单一的灰色模型和BP神经网络模型进行比较,运行结果表明:集成预测模型的预测效果和性能优于单一的灰色模型和BP神经网络预测模型,能够获得较高的预测精度。     

基于经验模式分解和一维密集连接卷积网络的电液换向阀内泄漏故障诊断方法

内泄漏作为电液换向阀常见的故障类型,其故障振动信号具有非平稳性、非线性等特点,且容易被其他信号淹没、破坏。对此提出了一种经验模式分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)和一维密集连接卷积网络(Densely Connected Convolutional Networks,DenseNet)的电液换向阀内泄漏故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用EMD对振动信号进行分解得到一系列本征模态分量(Instrinsic Mode Function,IMF),并将IMF分量和原始振动信号依次进行并联堆叠;然后将并联堆叠信号作为一维密集连接卷积网络的输入进行特征的自动提取,并进行故障分类;最后通过DenseNet与传统的一维卷积神经网络(CNN)对比验证得出,该方法能准确、有效地对电液换向阀内泄漏故障进行诊断。     

失效率预计法在产品研发中的应用

介绍了失效率预计法的应用特点和方法步骤,并利用失效率预计法对直升飞机升降舵和方向舵控制系统进行了具体应用,结果表明在重大产品详细设计研发阶段利用该方法对产品的可靠性进行评价是非常有效的,而且该方法具有一定的通用性,既适用于评价电子产品,也适用于非电子产品.     

Deadzone compensation control based on detection of micro flow rate in pilot stage of proportional directional valve

The pilot operated proportional directional valves (POPDVs) with a flow rate ranging from 100 to 1000 L/min are widely used in electro-hydraulic systems (EHSs). The deadzone of the pilot stage valve and its control compensation could significantly affect the position control performance for the main stage valve that could directly affect dynamics of EHSs In this paper, it is concluded that micro flow rates exist at the intermediate position of the valve based on the analysis of the continuity equation of the flow in the control chamber of the pilot stage. The micro flow rate is helpful to eliminate the discontinuity and unsmooth domain in the previous inverse deadzone compensation function. An improved deadzone detection method is proposed to calibrate the pilot valve flow characteristics which include the micro flow rate. This new method avoids the threshold selection of the main valve spool displacement which affects the detected deadzone values. Its detection processes are realized based on the pilot flow rate characterized by the speed of the main valve spool and the pilot valve displacement characterized by the solenoid current. The deadzone compensation control strategy based on the improved deadzone detection method is also designed. The experimental results using the steady-state position tracking and sinusoidal position tracking methods are verified. It is concluded that the tracking accuracy of the main valve spool position is effectively improved with this control strategy.