耐碱蚀铝铸铁的研究

针对国内氨碱生产系统工艺管道所使用的灰铸铁耐蚀性较差的问题进行了耐碱蚀铝铸铁的研究。对相同C、Si含量的铝铸铁和灰铸铁的耐碱蚀性进行了对比实验,结果表明铝的加入对铸铁的耐碱蚀性能有明显影响。     

耐碱铝铸铁的研究

研究表明，当含铝量为５％时，铝铸铁的耐碱腐蚀寿命是灰铸铁的２０倍左右，耐热性能也较好；浇注出的吸氨器铸件已用于生产。     

熔铝坩埚新材质—低合金铸铁的研究

本文介绍一种熔铝坩埚的新型材质—含Cr、RE等元素的低合金铸铁。该铸铁具有合金元素用量少,生产成本低、抗生长、抗氧化及抗铝液熔蚀等、性能优良的特点。工业应用表明:坩埚寿命比灰铸铁坩埚提高1～2倍。     

合金元素对稀土低合金耐蚀铸铁耐碱蚀性的影响

为了获得具有优良耐碱蚀的低合金铸铁,采用正交法,研究了镍、铬、铜及稀土硅铁合金加入量对铸铁耐蚀性的影响,并采用失重法测定材料的腐蚀速率.结果表明,以上4因素中对所研究的低合金铸铁耐碱蚀性能的影响最大的是RE-Si,最小的是Cr.含Ni1.5%,Cr0.5%,Cu2.0%,RE-Si0.3%～0.5%的合金铸铁,其耐蚀性最好,腐蚀率为1.074×10-3mm/a.     

复合石墨组织铸铁抗铝液侵蚀的机理及应用

石墨与铝合金熔液之间润湿性差，在有限铝液高度时，铝液对灰铸铁石墨片之间的铁组织的侵蚀也可忽略。可利用具有片状组织的灰铸铁抵抗铝液侵蚀；将铸件内层设计为球墨铸铁以利用其高温强度性能；该复合层铸铁件可用铸造方法一次获得。试验结果证实了复合石墨铸铁用于处理铝合金熔液的装置是可靠的。     

合成铸铁在轮类铸件生产中的应用

采用中频感应电炉熔炼和合成铸铁工艺生产HT200和HT250牌号灰铸铁,并对其力学性能和金相组织进行了统计。与传统灰铸铁生产工艺相比,合成铸铁工艺不仅降低了生产成本,而且可以改善灰铸铁的力学性能。     

变温条件下石墨形态对缸套铸铁磨损性能的影响

为了研究缸套铸铁材料石墨形态对其磨损过程的影响,选取了灰铸铁、蠕墨铸铁和球墨铸铁3种具有不同石墨形态的铸铁材料为研究对象,分别在不同温度下对其进行了干摩擦磨损实验。结果表明:灰铸铁的摩擦系数及磨损量随温度的上升而上升,而蠕墨铸铁及球墨铸铁随温度的上升呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势;常温下灰铸铁的摩擦系数及磨损量最大,耐磨性能最差;高温时灰铸铁的摩擦系数及磨损量仍然最大,蠕墨铸铁的摩擦系数大于球墨铸铁,但磨损量最小,耐磨性能最优。     

高硅铸铁耐腐蚀性的研究

采用失重分析、金相分析等试验方法研究了高硅铸铁在不同环境下的耐腐蚀性能,并对高硅铸铁、普通灰铸铁及白口铸铁的耐腐蚀性进行比较。结果表明,高硅铸铁在各种腐蚀介质中均有良好的耐蚀性,腐蚀溶液的浓度对高硅铸铁的腐蚀速度有较大影响。因为硅的存在,高硅铸铁的耐蚀性明显优于普通灰铸铁和白口铸铁;而白口铸铁因其基体组织为Fe3C,在酸性溶液中的耐腐蚀性能又优于灰铸铁。     

紧密型石墨的凝固现象

以单向凝固方法制备了灰铸铁、紧密型石墨铸铁和球墨铸铁的小试样,用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了液一固界面。这些试样是用来确定这些铸铁的凝固模式,并测定它们凝固时的液一固区宽度的。在紧密型石墨表面,对某些元素用微区分析测定了其浓度分布。紧密型石墨凝固时有点像片状石墨,与奥氏体微弱地协同成长为共晶体。虽然石墨的园形末稍似乎被奥氏体包围,但在凝固的某些阶段石墨是与液体接触的。是铝而不是钛,聚集在片体旁边,比之园形末稍附近要富集得多。铝似乎起了反球化剂的作用。紧密型石墨铸铁凝固中的(液体 奥氏体 石墨)共存区的宽度,和球墨铸铁差不多,但比灰铸铁要大得多。共晶团数介于灰铸铁和球墨铸铁之间。这些因素似乎可以用来解释文献中所报导过的现象:紧密型石墨铸铁的型腔扩大和缩孔形成倾向介于灰铸铁和球墨铸铁之间。     

锰系无磁铸铁的工艺及性能控制

锰系无磁铸铁是在普通铸铁的基础上添加锰及铝、铜合金元素制成的 1种磁导率的新型电工合金材料。由于锰的加入 ,改变了铸铁的结晶条件和性能 ,使锰系无磁铸铁在工艺控制和性能方面与普通灰铸铁相比发生了较大的变化。分析和总结了锰系无磁铸铁的工艺及性能控制特点 ,为稳定锰系无磁铸铁的生产提供了一定依据。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。