TiO_2对CaO-P_2O_5-AL_2O_3-SiO_2玻璃析晶动力学的影响

通过玻璃的稳定性参数△T、H’、析晶激活能E等参量的变化,研究了TiO2对CaO-P2O5-AL2O3-SiO2系玻璃析晶动力学的影响。结果表明:TiO2的引入能显著降低本系统玻璃的稳定性,减少析晶激活能,并能提高玻璃的析晶数量。     

Y2O3掺杂对Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5系统玻璃结构和析晶性能的影响

采用高温熔融冷淬法制备了Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5（ASP）系统玻璃,用原位晶化法获得了磷酸盐微晶玻璃;用IR、DSC、XRD、SEM等测试方法表征了玻璃结构及析晶性能,讨论了稀土Y2O3掺杂对ASP玻璃结构和析晶性能的影响。结果表明：Y2O3处于ASP的玻璃结构空隙中,起网络修饰体的作用,并未改变玻璃的基本结构,但Y^3＋离子会加强玻璃中P-O^-键的伸缩振动。当Y2O3的掺杂量少于1．5wt％时,随着Y2O3含量的增加,玻璃的稳定性增强,析晶活化能升高;引入量为1．5wt％时,玻璃的稳定性最好,析晶活化能最大,玻璃不易析晶;掺杂量多于1．5wt％时,稳定性开始下降,析晶活化能降低。少量Y2O3掺杂并未改变玻璃析出的晶相种类,析出的主晶相仍为AlPO4,次晶相为Mg3（CO4）2,但玻璃中加入适量的Y2O3会减少次晶相Mg3（PO4）2的析出量。     

含Ag2O的CaO-SiO2析晶动力学的研究

用溶胶凝胶法制备了CaO-SiO2(含Ag2O)系玻璃,采用差热分析方法研究了玻璃析晶动力学.结果表明该方法制备工艺简单,Ag2O作玻璃组分,使玻璃产生不同性质;作晶核剂使析晶过程明显,经分析样品为表面析晶,析晶活化能为342.86 kJ·mol-1.     

P2O5含量对Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5系统玻璃结构和析晶性能的影响

采用高温熔融冷淬法制备Al2O3-SiO2-P2O(5ASP)系统玻璃,用原位晶化法获得了磷酸盐微晶玻璃;用IR、DSC、XRD、SEM等测试方法表征了玻璃结构及析晶性能,讨论了P2O5含量对ASP玻璃结构和析晶性能的影响。结果表明:P2O5含量在35～50%能形成稳定的ASP玻璃。在磷含量较低时,玻璃结构中的P5 主要以不含P=O双键的[PO4]四面体形式存在,P2O5含量较高时,结构中的P-O-键削弱,P=O双键加强,P5 部分以含P=O双键的[PO4]四面体形式存在。随着P2O5含量的增加,玻璃稳定性变差,析晶趋势增强;晶化后的玻璃以AlPO4为主晶相,同时含有少量的Al(PO)3晶相,当晶化温度由650℃升高到800℃时,晶相含量增加并出现YPO4晶相。     

SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-Fe2O3-ZrO2-F系玻璃陶瓷的析晶

应用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射及示差扫描量热法等技术研究了一种SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-Fe2O3-ZrO-F玻璃陶瓷析晶特征和组织形貌.结果表明:玻璃转变温度为725 ℃左右,在730 ℃后形成了分布均匀的孔状非晶态分相现象.在第一放热峰温度(820 ℃)析晶时,玻璃样品为表面析晶,析出晶体为钙长石(CaAl2Si2O8)和硅灰石(CaSiO3).从表面向内部分别形成枝状晶体、枝状晶体和粒状晶体、粒状晶体三层不同的表面析晶形态.在1040 ℃保温后,玻璃样品中表面析晶和整体析晶共存,析出晶相均以钙长石为主.     

Al2O3对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃晶化和性能的影响

以CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元系微晶玻璃为研究对象,从玻璃析晶动力学方面进行研究,通过DTA和SEM等分析方法,对微晶玻璃析晶行为进行研究,利用析晶活化能E和析晶参数n值来分析析晶机理;实验结果表明:析晶参数n=2,体系属于整体析晶。随着Al2O3含量的增加,析晶温度有升高的趋势,析晶活化能增大,有利于玻璃的烧结;试样密度增大,显微硬度增加。     

TeO2-Nb2O5系统玻璃的析晶性能研究

TeO2-Nb2O5系统重金属氧化物玻璃以其优良的三阶非线性光学效应、超快光学响应和较宽透过窗口而成为一种极具应用潜力的非线性光学玻璃材料.本文利用DTA、XRD等分析手段研究了玻璃组成对TeO2-Nb2O5系统玻璃形成能力和析晶性能的影响.研究发现,随着系统中Nb2O5含量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶温度均有所上升,玻璃形成能力逐渐增加;但当Nb2O5含量超过25mol%时玻璃的析晶倾向急剧增加.同时在TeO2-Nb2O5系统玻璃中存在多重析晶现象,随着Nb2O5含量的逐渐增加,DTA中的多重析晶峰逐渐靠拢,最终在玻璃中析出单一晶相.     

Fe2O3作晶核剂的CaO-SiO2系玻璃析晶动力学研究

用溶胶凝胶法制备了CaO-SiO2（含Fe2O3）系玻璃,采用差热分析方法研究了玻璃析晶动力学.结果表明：该方法制备工艺简单,Fe2O3作玻璃组分,使玻璃产生不同性质;作晶核剂使析晶过程明显,经分析样品为整体析晶,析晶活化能为438.023kJ/mol.     

添加V2O5对SiO2-Al2O3-MgO系微晶玻璃析晶的影响

为了探讨V2O5对SiO2-Al2O3-MgO系微晶玻璃的析晶的影响,制备了添加质量分数为8%V2O5的玻璃.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)与电子探针(EPMA)等技术研究了玻璃的析晶特征.结果表明:与未添加V2O5的试样相比,V2O5加入促进了玻璃在较低的温度下析晶.在630℃保温3h后,在玻璃中已开始析出莫来石晶体.随着析晶温度的提高和保温时间的延长,在试样中同时析出莫来石和云母晶体,云母晶体的尺寸和数量逐渐提高,晶体所占体积百分数逐渐增大,而莫来石晶体的尺寸变化不明显,最终形成均匀分布的云母/莫来石复合体.当析晶温度达到1050℃时,玻璃中晶体的析出反而减少,晶体的相互交错度与所占的体积百分数均有所降低.EPMA结果显示试样析晶后,V2O5留在残余玻璃中,表明V2O5没有参与晶体的直接形核,而是以网络外体的形式存在于玻璃体系中,削弱了玻璃的结构,导致晶体析出温度降低.     

Fe2O3,ZrO2及F对CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶行为的影响

研究了形核剂对CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶的影响,将形核剂掺量(质量分数)分别为1.0?2O3,2.0%ZrO2和4.0%F添加到基础玻璃中.用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术分析了微晶玻璃析晶和显微特征.不添加任何形核剂的样品以及分别添加1.0?2O3和1.0?2O3 2.0%ZrO2形核剂的样品以表面析晶为主,在1 053 ℃保温1.0 h后,析出晶体以硅灰石(CaO·SiO2)为主,同时还有少量钙长石(CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2)和透辉石(CaO·MgO·2SiO2)析出.Fe2O3的加入促进了玻璃的析晶和生长,而ZrO2的作用正好相反,抑制了玻璃的析晶.对于添加1.0?2O3 2.0%ZrO2 4.0%F形核剂的样品,在1 040 ℃保温1.0h后,其析出晶体以整体析晶为主,块状晶体均匀析出,析出主晶相为钙长石.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

UV-Enhanced Exchange of O2with H2O Adsorbed on TiO2

Ultraviolet light dramatically increases the rate of isotope exchange between gas-phase O₂and water adsorbed on TiO₂at room temperature, but it does not affect the rate of CO₂–water exchange. Both ethanol and acetaldehyde, when coadsorbed with H₂¹⁸O, dramatically decrease the rate of O₂exchange, but not CO₂exchange, with adsorbed H₂¹⁸O. This decrease is attributed to a combination of competition for adsorbed oxygen between exchange and photocatalytic oxidation of the adsorbed organic and blocking of the oxygen adsorption sites by the organic. The same oxygen species participate in O₂-H₂¹⁸O exchange and photocatalytic oxidation.     

Properties of RO-Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses

The coefficient of linear expansion, glass-transition temperature, temperature at the orset of deformation (strain point), density. Young modulus, microhardness, crystallizability, and contact angle are studied as a function of the composition in RO–Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (R=Ca and/or Mg) glass systems. The composition ranges for glasses (with strain point >900°C and coefficient of linear expansion of (32–45)×10^–7°C^–1) that can be used for soldering silicon-nitride ceramics were established.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 12, pp. 5–7, December, 1996     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

TNT的O3/H2O2降解规律

利用自制装置,采用连续投加O3、H2O2的方式,研究了O。／H：O：对废水中TNT的降解规律。结果表明,与Oa作用相比,O3／H2O2工艺可显著提高TNT的降解率,还可避免中间产物的形成与积累;在试验研究条件下,H2O2：O3的最优摩尔比为1,最佳初始pH值在11左右,利用缓冲溶液可维持反应体系pH值的稳定,但不利于O3／H2O2功效的发挥,反应适合在常温下进行,尽量避开40℃左右;动力学特征分析表明,O／H2O2降解TNT偏离伪一级反应动力学规律。