利用废旧高分子材料制备改性石油沥青

利用废旧高分子材料、无机填料为改性剂，采用熔融共混方法制备了一系列性能优异的新型改性石油沥青，分析了改性剂类型和用量对石油改性沥青的软化点、脆化温度、针入度和延度等性能的影响。结果表明：改性石油沥青的针入度和延度稍有降低，但其软化点明显升高，脆化温度降低，拓宽了石油沥青的使用温度范围，综合性能提高。     

SBS对沥青性能的影响

通过测试软化点、针入度和延度对SBS改性沥青的性能进行表征.结果表明:使用线型或星型SBS作为沥青改性剂可以显著提高沥青性能.当硫黄稳定剂质量分数为0.2％,SBS质量分数为4％时,改性沥青的软化点、针入度和延度趋于稳定.此外,相较于线型SBS改性,星型SBS改性沥青的软化点稍高,针入度和延度相对更小.     

SBS改性沥青的基本性能的实验研究

利用SBS对AH-90沥青进行了改性研究,并对改性沥青的软化点、延度、针入度等性能进行表征.结果表明,随着SBS用量的增加,改性沥青的软化点上升,针入度降低,延度增加;但是当SBS用量增加至6%时,针入度降至国家标准以下.因此,SBS用量在4.5%～5.5%时,改性沥青的软化点、延度、针入度等基本性能最好.     

四组分分析法研究老化改性沥青

选取辽河油田生产的沥青为原料,加入废旧橡胶粉和催化裂化油浆,在高速剪切机的作用下制备橡胶改性沥青,研究老化时间对沥青软化点、针入度、延度的影响。实验结果表明：随着老化时间的增加,软化点升高,针入度和延度降低,饱和分、芳香分与胶质的含量降低,沥青质含量升高。     

脱硫胶粉改性沥青性能研究

利用双螺杆反应挤出工艺,制备一种以活化的轮胎胶粉(GTR)为基材的沥青改性材料,从而实现以成本有效的方式对沥青改性,并满足高温储存稳定性以及延性要求。首先研究了不同SBS和GTR复合材料对沥青延度的影响,结果表明,当选用S/B比例为30/70的SBS与GTR共混挤出的材料表现出更好的延度。然后进一步对比研究了三种不同的改性剂,对50号沥青热稳定性能的影响。评估了在135℃和72h老化条件下,改性沥青的软化点、针入度、10℃的延度、旋转薄膜烘箱(RTFOT)老化后延度。结果表明,活化的GTR/SBS复合材料可以明显提高50号沥青的热稳定性,表现为10℃下的延度和RTFOT老化延度的提高。加入芳烃油作为相容剂可以进一步降低GTR/SBS用量的同时提高材料的延度。而对于PSBR/芳烃油改性沥青材料,延度随老化时间延长迅速下降。三种改性剂改性沥青材料的软化点和针入度性能都符合国标要求,PSBR/芳烃油改性材料对软化点提高更明显,而脱硫GTR/SBS/芳烃油改性剂对提高针入度更明显。     

表面活性型温拌剂对沥青理化性质的影响

采用基于表面活性技术的LKW-Ⅱ型温拌剂,通过实验测得不同温拌剂加入量下温拌沥青的黏度,选取降黏效果最好的温拌剂加入量为3%。对温拌沥青针入度、软化点和延度理化性质的测定,实验结果显示,虽然LKW-Ⅱ型温拌剂对于沥青的延度没有太大影响,但其针入度增加,而软化点降低。     

试析影响沥青检测的三大指标因素

针入度、延度、软化点属于沥青的三大指标。沥青属于防水防潮、防腐的有机胶凝材料。其主要可分为煤焦沥青、天然沥青与石油沥青。虽然我国已明确规定沥青三大指标试验方法,然而多种因素都将影响其试验及检测结果。本文分析了影响沥青检测三大指标的因素。     

硅油改性沥青的制备与性能研究

使用硅油接枝法改性AH-70号石油沥青,通过沥青的135℃黏度、离析实验以及针入度、软化点和延度来研究硅油接枝后对沥青的性能影响。结果表明:使用乙烯基硅油改性沥青的综合性能最佳,在改性温度为120℃和硅油平均分子量为104时,得到改性沥青的软化点、针入度和延度三大指标均能满足国标I-D的要求,具有实际应用意义。     

橡胶沥青温拌剂的开发与研究

制备了新型橡胶沥青温拌剂S,并从粘度、软化点、针入度、延度等方面研究了其用量对橡胶沥青性能的影响。采用4种试验,对比了温拌剂S与国外温拌剂的温拌性能,探讨了温拌剂S的降粘机理。结果表明,温拌剂S能显著降低橡胶沥青的高温粘度,提高橡胶沥青的软化点及针入度,还可提高橡胶沥青的抗老化能力、高温稳定性、低温抗裂性以及水稳定性。     

再生沥青的热老化研究(Ⅰ)——再生沥青热老化过程中使用性能变化的研究

对再生沥青进行薄膜烘箱老化实验,结果表明,随着老化时间的延长,软化点近似呈线性形式 升高,针入度近似呈指数下降,老化温度越高,使用性能变得越差。提出了“延度稳定段”的概念,再生沥 青的延度稳定段较原沥青短,再生沥青的抗老化性能比原沥青差。     

Rheological characteristics of coal tar and petroleum pitches with and without additives

An extensive study of rheological characteristics of coal tar and petroleum pitches with and without additives, namely, petroleum coke, natural graphite and carbon black has been made. It is found that all pitches, pure or mixed with a carbon additive are not Newtonian as reported in the literature, but behave Theologically as Bingham plastics with certain yield stress and plastic viscosity at all temperatures of measurement between 85–180°C. The yield stress and plastic viscosity both decrease with increase in temperature of the pitch. A pure petroleum pitch having the same softening point as that of a coal tar pitch is found to have a lower viscosity compared to that of the latter at all temperatures of measurement. This suggests that the criterion of softening point as a measure of suitability of a coal tar pitch binder in the manufacture of artificial carbon is not sufficient for petroleum pitches. Addition of ten parts of carbon black by weight of pitch results in a considerable decrease in viscosity change with temperature of the coal tar pitch compared to almost insignificant change in the case of the petroleum pitch of the same softening point. However, the addition of petroleum coke or natural graphite makes the pitch more viscous but does not change the temperature dependence of viscosity of either of the two types of pitches. The implications are discussed.     

反应温度对苯甲醛齐聚物及其中间相沥青性能的影响

以中温煤沥青为原料,通过苯甲醛/对甲苯磺酸交联合成出以次甲基相连接的齐聚物,进一步热解制备了中间相沥青,考察了反应温度对齐聚物及其中间相沥青性能的影响。结果表明,随着反应温度的提高,改性煤沥青的收率、软化点、残炭率和密度都呈现上升的趋势;反应温度适当,易于得到光学各向异性发达、软化点较低的优质中间相沥青。     

改性煤沥青在炭素生产中的应用

概述了沥青的分类和性质以及沥青改性、改性方法,讲述了在改性煤沥青生产应用中的要求,改性沥青的应用过程、效果和缺点。根据实验数据阐述了在改性煤沥青生产应用中的温度选择。结果表明,改性煤沥青特有的高软化点和粘度决定了在熔化、输送和混捏过程对温度的要求较高。数据分析表明软化点不能够准确指导下料温度,而粘度与下料温度呈正比例关系。因此,粘度可以作为下料温度的一个可靠的参考指标。     

煤沥青基中间相沥青的制备研究

以纯化的煤焦油沥青为原料,考察了热聚合温度和恒温时间对中间相沥青的收率、光学显微形态、软化点和族组成的影响.结果表明:反应温度在420℃,恒温5 h时得到了软化点为312℃的流线体型中间相沥青,其收率为79.1%;热聚合反应在相对较低的温度400℃,反应时间为10 h时形成了软化点为305℃、收率为81.4%的优质广域型可纺性中间相沥青.对该原料煤沥青而言,通过控制热聚合反应温度和恒温时间可以达到制备优质中间相的目的.     

Synthesis of pitch materials from hydrogenation of anthracite

A Pennsylvania anthracite was ground, carefully dried and hydrotreated into materials with properties resembling those of pitches. The hydrotreatment was carried out using two hydrogen donors, 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (THN), and two catalysts, molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆) and ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM). Due to the high reactivity at low temperatures, the degree of hydrogenation was probed in the temperature range 300, 350 and 400 °C. The optimum hydrogen donor, catalyst and hydrogenation temperature were 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and 300 °C, respectively. This was reflected in an increase in the hydrogen-to-carbon atomic ratio (H/C) from 0.33 for the original anthracite to 0.42 for the pitch-like material from anthracite. Further, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the anthracite-derived pitch material had a glass transition temperature (T_g) around 81.6 °C and softening point of 205.7 °C. This indicates that the softening behavior of the anthracite-derived pitch is similar to that of high-softening-point coal tar pitches. The anthracite-derived pitch material was evaluated by producing a small carbon body directly from the anthracite-derived pitch, and partial binding was observed.     

增强热塑性塑料管材高温水浴老化性能研究

老化易使高分子链断裂,使材料变脆、脱层、变色,严重制约了塑料管材在高温、高湿工况下的应用.以交联聚乙烯PEX、耐热聚乙烯PE-RT和高密度聚乙烯PE100为研究对象,进行90 ℃水浴老化.采用万能力学试验机、差示扫描量热仪、维卡软化温度测定仪研究了三种材料老化前后力学性能变化和耐热行为.结果表明,在90 ℃热水浴老化9...     

Preparation of mesophase-pitch-based carbon foams at low pressures

A simple method for preparing the mesophase-pitch-based carbon foams at low pressures through prolonging the soaking time in the preparation process of the mesophase pitch was disclosed. The physical properties, morphologies and the crystal structure of the as-obtained foams were investigated. Bulk density of the resultant carbon foams cover a range 0.514-0.624 g/cm³, under the preparation pressure range 0.5-2 MPa. The SEM micrographs revealed that the thermal shrinkage of the graphitized foams derived from the higher softening point mesophase pitch was less than that of the foam from the lower softening point; Optical micrographs showed that higher softening point mesophase pitch derived carbon foams exhibited better orientation and less microcracks in both junctions and ligaments; The XRD results revealed that higher softening point pitch derived graphitized foams exhibited smaller interlayer spacing and larger crystallite size. The properties of the carbon foam can be severely affected by the properties of the precursor, so it is critical to tailor the properties of the pitch precursor so as to obtain high performance and low cost products.     

萘-萘酚-苯甲醛沥青树脂的合成研究

在浓硫酸的催化作用下,采用阳离子聚合法在萘-苯甲醛二元组分沥青树脂分子链上引入了萘酚分子,合成了萘-萘酚-苯甲醛三元组分沥青树脂。用FT-IR光谱仪表征了合成树脂的结构。通过单因素实验,考察了合成条件对沥青树脂软化点、结焦值和黏结强度等黏结性能的影响规律。实验结果表明,合成萘-萘酚-苯甲醛沥青树脂适宜的工艺条件:萘、萘酚和苯甲醛的物质的量比为0.67∶0.33∶1,反应温度为160℃,反应时间为300 min,催化剂用量为10%。在此条件下,合成沥青树脂的软化点为87.5℃,结焦值为32.1%,黏结强度为41.1。改变反应体系中萘酚的物质的量,能获得具有不同黏结性能的萘-萘酚-苯甲醛三元组分沥青树脂。     

精制沥青中间相热转化的研究

以2种精制沥青(LSP和HSP)为原料,通过常压热转化反应,研究了热转化过程中产物的QI和TI随反应时间的变化规律.分析表明,随着反应温度的升高和反应时间的延长,沥青的各向异性组分不断增加.其中LSP沥青生成的中间相小球大于HSP沥青生成的中间相小球.400℃恒温9h,LSP沥青的软化点达到242℃,HSP沥青的软化点达到220℃.