两井定向水平连通采卤新技术在湘衡盐矿的成功应用

在两井定向连通采卤的基础上,湘衡盐矿进行了两井定向水平连通采卤技术的研究,并获得成功。     

定向对接连通井在江西清江盐田的应用

介绍了清江盐田的地质特征、定向对接连通井在清江盐田的应用情况。总结了定向对接连通井在清江盐田应用上的生产运行方法及防止生产事故发生的措施,供生产同行参考。     

定向喷射及定向压裂的方法探讨

定向喷射及定向压裂的方法探讨四川盐业地质钻井大队梅朝杰关键词：盐矿开采，定向压裂目前，在岩盐井开采中，采用定向喷射建槽及定向和定向压裂的方法，加快相邻两并提前连通是较理想的方法之一，但如何实现定向压裂是一直有待探讨的问题。１９７２年至１９７３年自贡市...     

中国地质大学（北京）超深钻探国家专业实验室

中国地质大学（北京）超深钻探国家专业实验室采用自行开发的高精度定向技术面向社会进行定向钻井服务，近年来在盐卤井定向连通技术服务方面成绩显著，先后在江西盐矿、江西富达盐矿、江西新干盐矿、江苏金坛盐矿、淮安井神盐矿、久大（应城）盐矿、湖北蓝天盐化、新汶泰山盐化等矿区成功施工了数十对定向对接连通井。     

采用新技术 开创采卤新工艺

采用新技术　开创采卤新工艺湖南省湘衡盐矿张崇信湖南省湘衡盐矿采用受控定向钻并技术，双井地下定位交会和自港连通的成并工艺，１９９１年玉互月至１９９３年１２月竣工三对采卤对接井，实现双井定向连通采卤新工艺．井距２２７．２～２３３．６ｍ．并深约５５０ｍ，其...     

定向对接连通井技术在我矿的成功应用

本文介绍了定向对接连通井技术在我矿多层薄层岩盐开采中的应用,供同行参考。     

老挝万象钾盐矿开采方法的探讨

作就老挝万象钾盐矿的特点，提出采用定向钻进连通法，选择性溶解开采工艺开采氯化钾。     

对接井在江西岩盐矿床的应用

两井定向连通水溶法采卤工艺（简称“对接井”）是利用现代定向钻井特殊工具、仪器、测试装置使钻头沿设计的井身轨迹钻达指定靶区，从而达到两井建槽连通的一种水溶采卤先进技术。本文针对清江盐田的特点，列举了几种对接井设计方案，并作了一些粗浅的分析，同时指出了实现两井定向对接的可行性和优越性。     

浅谈超深盐井水平定向连通与开采

通过对超深盐井水平定向连通与开采的探讨,分析不同开采工艺的缺点,提出最佳开采方式.     

套管开窗侧钻技术在宁晋岩盐井中的应用

基于宁晋石盐草厂勘查区原探采结合井地质背景,分析定向水平井组堵塞原因,提出合理应用套管开窗侧钻技术对修治卤井、提高井组产能有重大作用.X10井与Y10井是一对水平连通井,因通道堵塞中断开采,分别对X10井及Y10井实施开窗侧钻、定向钻进后,最终井组连通,结果表明套管开窗侧钻技术费用较低,但是可以实现井组持续生产,提高了...     

THIOLS AND DISULPHIDES IN QUIESCENT AND GERMINATING BARLEY GRAINS,BOTH DORMANT AND MATURE

Reduced and oxidised glutathione, cysteine, cystine and traces (too small to quantify) of γ-glutamyl-cysteine and cysteinylglycine were detected, in about the same amounts, in extracts of the embryos of dormant and mature barleys. During micromalting the levels of the thiols and disulphides altered in various ways, but altered in the same ways in dormant and mature samples of grain until germination began. An early decline in the glutathione content of embryos was mirrored by a rise in the amount in degermed grains. Histochemical tests and analyses of isolated tissues showed that in the quiescent grains thiols were concentrated in the embryo (particularly the scutellum) and in the aleurone layer and isolated embryos released thiols into an incubation medium. We conclude that the endogenous thiols and disulphides are not obviously involved in the regulation of dormancy.     

Distribution of hydrophilic and lipophilic antibacterial drugs in skim milk,cream, and casein

This study determined the distribution of drugs to different milk fractions according to their physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic drugs tend to concentrate in skim milk, whereas lipophilic drugs tend to concentrate in cream. The concentration of a drug in casein is related to its degree of binding to milk proteins. Thus, we aimed to determine whether withdrawal time in whole milk differs from that in cream, casein, and skim milk. Amoxicillin and tylosin were selected as prototype hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, respectively. The study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine whether in vitro conditions reflect the distribution of drugs in the different milk fractions in vivo. The in vivo study was conducted using a crossover design on 6 healthy Holstein dairy cattle. First, amoxicillin (i.m., single dose, 14 mg/kg) was administered to cows. Following a 1-wk washout period, tylosin (i.m., single dose, 15 mg/kg) was administered. Concentrations of amoxicillin and tylosin in milk and milk fractions were measured using HPLC-UV. In the in vitro study, 0.04 to 400 μg/g of amoxicillin and 0.05 to 50 μg/g of tylosin were spiked to drug-free milk and the concentrations in milk and milk fractions were measured. In addition, the percentage of total protein in milk and milk fractions was determined. Amoxicillin accumulated more in skim milk than in cream and casein, both in vitro (92%) and in vivo (73%, skim milk-to-whole milk ratio). The distribution of tylosin in whole and skim milk was similar to that of amoxicillin in the in vitro study, in contrast to the accumulation of tylosin in cream seen in vivo. However, the accumulation ratio of tylosin in cream was lower than expected. By either method, tylosin was less concentrated in casein than in skim milk and cream. The percentage of total protein was similar in skim milk and whole milk and higher than in cream. Thus, amoxicillin accumulates less in cream and casein, suggesting that these fractions would pose a lower risk to the consumer. Tylosin was still present at the maximum residue limit (50 μg/kg) 24 h after injection in the casein fraction and 48 h after injection in the cream fraction.     

Effects of duration of moderate increases in grain feeding on endotoxins in the digestive tract and acute phase proteins in peripheral blood of yearling calves

Effects of duration of grain feeding on the concentration of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in digesta throughout the digestive tract and on acute phase proteins and LPS in peripheral blood were determined in Holstein yearling calves. Twenty-five Holstein yearling steer calves received either a forage-based diet containing 92% hay and 8% of a mineral and vitamin pellet on a dry matter basis (CON) or a moderate-grain diet, obtained by replacing 41.5% of the hay in the forage-based diet with barley grain, for 3 (MG3), 7 (MG7), 14 (MG14), or 21 d (MG21) before slaughter. Immediately before slaughter, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. Immediately after slaughter, digesta samples were collected from the rumen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. Rumen liquid digesta, digesta from the intestines, and peripheral blood plasma were analyzed for LPS. Peripheral blood plasma and serum were analyzed for the acute phase proteins amyloid A, haptoglobin, and LPS-binding protein. Feeding the grain diet increased the LPS concentration in rumen fluid linearly from 15,488 endotoxin units (EU)/mL for CON to 70,146 EU/mL for MG7. Concentrations of LPS in rumen fluid in MG14 and MG21 were 61,944 and 56,234 EU/mL, respectively, and did not differ. The LPS concentrations in jejunal digesta were much lower than that in digesta elsewhere in the digestive tract, which suggests that ruminal LPS is broken down in the abomasum or proximal jejunum. The concentration of digesta LPS in the ileum was higher than that of digesta elsewhere in the intestines and similar to that in rumen fluid. The duration of grain feeding increased the LPS concentration in digesta in the ileum and cecum and tended to increase that in the colon cubically. Concentrations of LPS in this part of the digestive tract were highest in the MG3 and MG21 groups. The highest concentrations of LPS in digesta in the cecum, colon, and rectum were 3.7, 3.8, and 5.6 times higher than that in CON, respectively. Grain feeding and the increase in LPS in digesta were not accompanied by an acute phase response or a detectable concentration of LPS in peripheral blood. The absence of LPS in peripheral blood and the lack of increase in acute phase proteins indicated that the grain feeding protocol used in the current study and the accompanying changes in LPS concentrations of the digesta did not result in systemic inflammation.     

Influence of carding and drawing processes on orientation of fibers in slivers

The orientation of fibers is known to play a very important role in determining the quality of the carded and drawn slivers as well as the quality of the ultimate yarns produced from those slivers. Also, the orientation of fibers is considered to be a very useful parameter for evaluating the effectiveness of the carding and drawing processes in aligning the fibers. In addition, the orientation of fibers is known to determine the length utilization of the fibers in the slivers. This article reports on the influence of carding and drawing processes on the orientation of fibers in the carded and drawn slivers. A series of carded and drawn slivers were prepared by using polyester staple fibers and making various changes in the carding and drawing processes and the orientation of fibers in the slivers was evaluated based on Lindsley’s methodology in conjunction with a mathematical model of fiber orientation in slivers. It was observed that the increase in cylinder speed and the decrease in doffer speed resulted in more anisotropic fiber orientation distribution in the carded slivers and the degree of anisotropy was found to be more in the forward direction as compared to the backward direction of the carded slivers. The higher draft and doubling in the drawframe resulted in higher anisotropy in the orientation of fibers in the drawn slivers and the drawn slivers displayed more anisotropy in the backward direction as compared to the forward direction. The higher delivery speed of the drawframe resulted in higher anisotropy in fiber orientation in the drawn slivers and the drawn slivers exhibited more anisotropy in the backward direction as compared to the forward direction. The results of fiber orientation in the carded and drawn slivers obtained by using the mathematical model were compared to the fiber orientation parameters suggested by earlier researchers and a satisfactory correlation between them was observed.     

我国不同生态区云烟97烟叶主要品质性状差异分析

为掌握云烟97在我国不同生态区烟叶的主要品质性状差异,系统分析了云南曲靖（清香型烟区）、贵州毕节（中偏清香型烟区）和重庆武隆（中间香型烟区）3个烤烟种植生态区云烟97烟叶的外观质量、化学成分、风格特征和烟气品质。结果表明,贵州毕节烟叶烟气品质综合得分最高,中部叶干草香香韵、香气质、香气量和透发性得分显著高于云南和重庆,还原糖含量和烟气浓度显著高于重庆;云南曲靖烟叶外观质量最好,中部叶总氮含量、氮碱比值以及烟气飘逸感得分均显著高于贵州和重庆,烟气浓度和劲头得分居中,清香型特点显著;重庆武隆烟叶外观质量居中,中部叶总植物碱含量、烟气刺激性、干燥感和悬浮感得分均显著高于云南和贵州,而糖碱比和余味得分则显著低于云南和贵州,中间香型特点显著。由云南经贵州向重庆方向,云烟97烟叶清甜香韵和烟气飘逸感逐渐减弱,木香香韵和烟气悬浮感逐渐加强。     

Evaluation of arterial digital blood flow in dairy cows with claw horn disruption lesions using Doppler ultrasonography

Vascular changes play an important role in the pathogenesis of claw horn disruption lesions in cattle. The aim of the study was to measure arterial blood flow in the hind limbs of German Holstein cows with claw horn disruption lesions. A 10-MHz linear transducer was used to assess blood flow in the interdigital artery in the dorsal pastern region in the hind limbs of 11 non-lame and 33 lame German Holstein cows in which lameness was scored clinically. Qualitative and quantitative blood flow parameters were compared in affected limbs and unaffected contralateral hind limbs in lame cows and in the hind limbs of lame cows and non-lame cows. A pulsed-wave Doppler signal suitable for analysis was obtained in 78 of 88 limbs (33 affected and contralateral limbs, 22 limbs of control cows). Blood flow curve types 1 and 2 were predominant in the hind limbs of lame cows. Vessel diameter, end-diastolic velocity, and blood flow rate were significantly greater in lame cows than in non-lame cows and were numerically greater in moderately lame cows than in mildly lame cows. The differences in the qualitative and quantitative parameters between lame and non-lame cows were most likely caused by inflammation of the pododerm. The role of weight distribution between the paired hind limbs and the existence of claw horn disruption appeared to have an effect on the differences in local circulation in the affected and unaffected contralateral hind limbs in lame cows.     

酱香型酒曲及窖内酒醅挥发性成分的分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱（HS-SPME-GC-MS）联用技术对两酱香酒厂（H、G厂）酒曲、第四轮次窖内酒醅的挥发 性成分进行检测,并进行主成分分析（PCA）,探讨酒厂间酒曲、窖内酒醅风味物质的差异及酒曲与窖内酒醅挥发性成分的关系。 结果 表明,在酒曲、窖内酒醅中共检测到105种挥发性成分,共性成分为4种。 H酒曲以烷烃类为主,G酒曲则以醇、吡嗪类为主,共性成分为 8种。 H、G窖内酒醅均以醇、酯类为主要风味物质,共性成分为23种,但上层酒醅的主要酯类物质不同,下层酒醅的醇酯比相差较大。 两酒厂的酒曲挥发性成分相近;窖内酒醅上层挥发性风味成分相似度高,窖内酒醅下层具有差异性;酒曲和酒醅样的挥发性成分具 有较大差异。     

红车轴草不同部位中异黄酮含量的测定

采用反相高效液相色谱法对红车轴草不同部位(花、茎和叶)中四种主要异黄酮(鸡豆黄素A、芒柄花黄素、染料木素和大豆黄素)的含量进行了测定,结果表明:以占干物质计,4种异黄酮总量,叶中含量最高(0.856%),茎次之(0.403%),花中含量较低(0.258%)。鸡豆黄素A和芒柄花黄素是红车轴草中两种最主要的异黄酮,主要分布在叶中,其次是茎,花中含量较低。染料木素和大豆黄素,无论是花、茎还是叶,含量均较低。     

植物甾醇的提取、生理功能及在食品中的 应用综述

本文主要介绍了植物甾醇的相关性质、功能及在食品中的应用等。综述了在油脂加工副产物中甾醇的含量与提取：包括在副产物油脚中甾醇的含量与提取率;不同来源的副产物脱臭馏出物中甾醇的含量、主要甾醇成分及提取工艺等。介绍了植物甾醇的特殊功能（如降低胆固醇、减少冠心病发生、抗氧化等）及在食品中的广泛应用。天然植物甾醇常在食品体系中添加时出现结晶现象,且在水相和油相中溶解度低,为能在食品中广泛应用,常采用植物甾醇改性将其转变成甾醇酯的方式添加到食品中。文中介绍了植物甾醇改性的不同工艺并得到了较好的效果。在特殊的环境条件下,天然甾醇会发生氧化产生甾醇氧化产物。文中介绍了不同储藏条件甾醇氧化产物的含量及主要成分、甾醇氧化稳定性与结构的关系以及对主要慢性病的发生和发展的促进作用等。     

气候变化背景下鄂西烟草种植气象风险评价与区划

为了确定湖北西部植烟区的气象灾害风险程度,根据灾害学系统理论,从致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体和防灾减灾能力4个子系统出发,综合考虑气候条件、地理地形、社会经济状况等多个因素,利用GIS平台对鄂西烟草种植气象灾害风险进行评价与区划。结果表明,鄂西北地区气象灾害危险性东高西低,南北向无明显规律,而鄂西南地区是南高北低;鄂西南巴东和恩施烟草易损性较小,而鄂西北的枣阳和丹江口市易损性较大;鄂西南北部地区的气象风险低于南部地区,而鄂西北南部地区气象风险较小,东部气象风险最大;神农架局部地区和鹤峰、丹江口市东部等地的气象风险最严重。总体而言,鄂西地区适宜种植烟草,尽管存在风险,但是大部分地区风险等级在中等及中等以下,这对指导当地合理规划烟草种植和生产具有重要意义。