压力容器新型封头的研究

现行标准的椭圆形封头无法旋压成形,只能旋压形状相近,力学性能稍差的标准碟形封头来代替。由于成形减薄量的影响,标准椭圆形封头一般会比相连的筒体厚2mm。提出了与标准椭圆形封头以及标准碟形封头深度大致相等的椭圆弧加圆弧形封头,通过与标准椭圆形封头和标准碟形封头进行对比可知,椭圆弧加圆弧形封头力学性能优越,且与筒体厚度相等,与标准椭圆形封头相比,平均可节约15%材料,且成形更方便。     

削边形式对筒体与封头过渡区应力分布的影响

利用ANSYS 16.0有限元分析软件,以半球形封头、椭圆形封头和无折边球形封头3种凸形封头为研究对象,通过改变削边长度和削边形式,得到其应力分布规律,并进行优化分析。结果表明:3种封头形式压力容器最大等效应力均集中于筒体和封头过渡区域;在相同尺寸和相同削边形式下,应力集中系数大小顺序为无折边球形封头>椭圆形封头>半球形封头;随着削边长度L的增加,椭圆形封头和无折边球形封头压力容器应力集中系数K均呈增大的趋势,对于半球形封头压力容器,削边长度L出现临界值;半球形封头压力容器优化效果最为明显。     

关于几种形式封头特点的比较

压力容器封头的选型和制造一定要兼顾成本和制作的难易程度,一般优选椭圆型封头和蝶形封头。采用标准椭圆形封头,其封头壁厚近似等于筒体壁厚,这样简体和封头就可采用同样厚度的钢板来制造。这不仅可以给选材带来方便,也便于简体和封头的焊接。蝶形封头的主要优点是便于手工加工成型,且可以安装现场制造。它的主要缺点即受力情况不如椭圆形封头好。     

再谈旋压封头与标准椭圆封头的替代

通过比较几种旋压封头与标准椭圆封头的形状,并在理解JB4732[1]、ASME[2]、AD[3]等规范关于凸形封头的设计计算方法的基础上,认为只要能满足GB150-1998[5]规定的标准椭圆封头的允许形状偏差,不论封头的成形方法如何,都应属于标准椭圆封头,故在材料、厚度相同时可以等效代替标准椭圆封头。     

压力容器封头旋压成型可行性探讨

通过对压力容器新型封头、标准椭圆形封头和碟形封头的容积、表面积以及用料量的比较,论证了采用旋压成型的新型封头取代标准椭圆形封头的可行性。     

一种软包装锂离子电池软封封装装置研究

一种软包装锂离子电池软封封装装置研究,包括上、下封头,以及加热装置,上封头和下封头的封接压合面均设有凹槽,凹槽内设有硅胶条,硅胶条各露出于上下封头尺寸0.5～2.0 mm;硅胶条表面有铁氟龙胶带进行固定。封装方法:将软包装聚合物锂离子电池的封口置于上封头与下封头之间;闭合上、下封头,使上、下封头凹槽中的硅胶条分别在电池封口的上、下面实现热压封装。     

封头型式对压力容器应力影响的有限元分析

本文借助ANSYS Workbench软件,进行了封头型式对压力容器应力影响的数值模拟,通过改变封头型式,得到不同型式封头对压力容器应力影响的规律。结果表明:施加相同内压时,椭圆形封头应力集中区在以封头中心的0.8D范围以外和封头与圆筒连接处之间的区域;蝶形封头应力集中程度相对较小,应力分布相对比较均匀;球形封头对压力容器所受的应力影响最小。     

大型压力容器封头变形调整工艺研究

液化石油气封头因其特有的结构,大直径、开口等结构特点,热处理过程很容易变形,本文针对封头变形情况,分析封头变形的原因,提出在封头直径最小的部位采用液压千金顶顶开后,加焊十字工艺拉筋,并进行炉内消应力退火热处理等方法,对变形封头进行调整,调整后的封头全部满足设计要求,该项工艺的研究,成功解决了变形封头的调整问题.     

再谈旋压封头与标准椭园封头的替代

通过比较几种旋压封头与标准椭圆封头的形状,并在理解JB4732[1]、ASME[2]、AD[3]等规范关于凸形封头的设计计算方法的基础上,认为只要能满足GB150-1998[5]规定的标准椭圆封头的允许形状偏差,不论封头的成形方法如何,都应属于标准椭圆封头,故在材料、厚度相同时可以等效代替标准椭圆封头.     

子模型非线性分析在奥氏体不锈钢容器应变强化工艺中的应用

应变强化容器所用碟形封头在强化压力下可能产生局部屈曲.在传统的封头有限元分析中,常常截取封头和部分简体作为研究对象;在非线性加载中,边界条件设置并不准确.使用一种新的加载方法对子模型封头实现精确加载,并设置较为符合生产实际的厚度缺陷,探讨封头在强化压力下的表现,得到结论:在封头最小成形厚度大于设计厚度时,强化过程不会引起封头产生局部屈曲.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

农药分子半抗原合成的研究进展

农药分子半抗原的合成直接影响后期制备抗体的质量,对于建立农药分子特异、灵敏的免疫分析方法具有关键性作用。综述了国内外农药人工抗原合成过程中的农药分子半抗原的设计原则、合成方法及影响因素等方面的研究进展。     

磁敏橡胶材料弹性模量的测试与研究

研究了磁敏橡胶超声测试的基本方法和参数,测量了各向同性和颗粒成链磁敏橡胶材料的纵向模量。对含铁颗粒填料体积分数不同的磁敏橡胶样本进行了三点弯曲试验,计算出磁敏橡胶样本的弹性模量,并与相关理论预测模型进行了对比,结果表明,对于各向同性磁敏橡胶,随着含铁颗粒填料体积分数的增加,其弹性模量和剪切模量增大。颗粒成链磁敏橡胶的弹性模量很大程度上依赖于测量的方向,含铁颗粒填料体积分数超过15 ％时,在平行和垂直于颗粒链方向所测得的弹性模量有显著的不同。这是因为含铁颗粒填料体积分数超过15 ％时,磁敏橡胶的颗粒成链结构不具有立体对称性。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

邢钢套筒窑换热器内漏生产实践

介绍了套筒窑换热器的工作原理、作用及邢钢套筒窑换热器内漏的判断依据,对套筒窑换热器内漏的原因进行了简要的分析,对内漏前后的主要参数进行了对比,同时结合实际生产情况,制定了行之有效的控制措施,收到了良好的效果。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。