工程陶瓷及其在化学工业中应用的现状和发展趋势

本文简要介绍了办内外工程陶瓷的研究，开发现状及其市场预测情况，并重点介绍了结构陶瓷在化工装备上应用的最新成果，最后对发展我国结构陶瓷制化工装备提出了建议。     

框架上设备结构条件中常见问题分析

设备结构条件是配管工作中的重要内容,也是下游专业的设计依据和输入,其质量的好坏对配管和相关专业均有较大影响。本文例举了设备结构条件中常见的问题并进行分析,提出了设计中应注意的事项及建议。     

机械冲击式超细粉碎设备

介绍了粉体加工工业的重要性，通过对机械式超细粉碎及分级的典型设备结构、原理、特点等论述，介绍了近几年超细粉碎与分级设备的发展情况。     

加拿大MCRC硫黄回收及尾气处理工艺技术

根据我国第1套引进的MCRC装置的情况,对加拿大Delta(德尔塔)公司的MCRC硫黄回收及尾气处理工艺作了初步介绍,介绍了该法的工艺特征和引进装置的仪表及控制情况,并对该装置设备的布置、结构、形式和材料进行了较全面的介绍,着重阐述了该装置中某些较为合理的设备结构形式。     

按工程特点创新设计大客车涂装设备

本文主要阐述在老厂房内进行安装大客车涂装设备的技术改造，在设计中突破常规理念限制，大胆采用新技术和新结构。通过对设备结构的特殊处理，达到在不破坏原厂房结构的前提下，确保涂装设备的使用性能，节省了设备投资、满足了环保、节能要求。     

甲醇分离器的设计及其改进

本文对甲醇分离器的设计进行了介绍，并对其常用的设备结构存在问题，提出了改进意见。     

天然气净化装置用主要设备

对天然气净化厂中与天然气净化密切相关的两大装置——脱硫和脱水装置中的主要设备脱硫吸收塔、脱水吸收塔等的工艺过程、工艺作用和原理进行了较为详细的描述。并对设备的结构形式、结构特点、介质对设备的腐蚀状况、设备材料的选择和检测以及设备制造中的特殊要求等作了概述。     

添加剂生产设备及设计课程教与学的探讨

本文介绍了我们对添加剂产品生产过程设备及设计课程的教学任务、内容以及课程教与学的探索。设备结构与功能的联系、设备结构与工程因素的联系、设备结构与美学和环境保护的联系,以及教学互动等教学方式的探讨,提高了学生的学习兴趣,有助于学生掌握设备工程的知识和理论。     

大型薄壁容器吊装应力分析

本文分析了用于大型薄壁设备整体起吊时的吊耳的结构型式和结构尺寸,以及它们对设备的影响。并通过一实例,计算了在不同的起吊角下,吊耳和设备的吊装应力和变形。     

400孔拉丝工艺技术及装置的研究

为尽快提高我国拉丝工艺技术水平,开展了400孔拉丝工艺技术及装置研究工作,其中包括代铂炉及漏板的结构与材料、漏板安装方式与耐火浇注料、冷却器结构与材料、水喷雾器结构与仿制、单丝涂油器结构与材料、集束及分束器结构与材料等.通过单项研制与组合试验,取得了良好的效果.该技术及装置,不仅适用于坩埚法,同时也适用于组合炉法和池窑法拉丝工艺,为老厂技术改造提供了良好的技术基础.     

A heterogeneous cobalt(II) sensitive electrode and its applications

The preparation of a heterogeneous cobalt(II) sensitive electrode, based on cation exchange resin using silicone rubber as binding material, has been described. The working pH range is 2.3 to 8.5. The selectivity coefficient for Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) or Al(III) ions is found to be less than unity, and satisfactory determination of Co(II) in presence of these ions is possible. The values of stepwise stability constant of Co(II)—nitroso—R-salt complexes in solution, using the Co(II) sensitive electrode, are; log K₁ 6.87; and log K₂ 5.39 (25°; μ ≈ 0.01), which agree with literature values.     

Influence of bromide,chloride and thiourea additions on the reduction of Pb(II) from molten Ca(NO)3)2.4H2O at the mercury electrode

Electrochemical reduction of Pb(II) ion in the presence and absence of bromide, chloride and thiourea(TU) have been studied in molten Ca(NO₃)₂.4H₂O at 60°C. The overall and step-wise stability constants of the bromo, chloro and thiourea complexes have been evaluated from polarographic parameters using a computer analysis.Adsorption of complexes of Pb(II) in the melt induced by coadsorption of ligands (Br^? and TU) is also inferred and surface excesses are calculated from the results of lsv and chronopotentiometry are discussed.     

车用树脂基复合材料结构件的应用研究

在中低温、低压条件下,采用对模制造车用树脂基复合材料大型结构件是未来发展趋势。反应性的热固性液态树脂在较低压力下注入含有干纤维预成型体的模腔中,树脂将模腔中的空气排出,同时浸润纤维。模腔充满后,注射过程结束,树脂开始固化,树脂固化达到一定强度后开模,取出制品。工艺类型和设备变化灵活,可设计性强,具有良好表面质量、高尺寸精度。成型过程苯乙烯排放量小,有利于环保。应用目标是开发重型卡车、电动汽车、高速列车、轿车用树脂基复合材料结构构件领域并实现产业化。     

Phytosterol oxidation products (POP) in foods with added phytosterols and estimation of their daily intake: A literature review

To evaluate the content of phytosterol oxidation products (POP) of foods with added phytosterols, in total 14 studies measuring POP contents of foods with added phytosterols were systematically reviewed. In non‐heated or stored foods, POP contents were low, ranging from (medians) 0.03–3.6 mg/100 g with corresponding oxidation rates of phytosterols (ORP) of 0.03–0.06%. In fat‐based foods with 8% of added free plant sterols (FPS), plant sterol esters (PSE) or plant stanol esters (PAE) pan‐fried at 160–200°C for 5–10 min, median POP contents were 72.0, 38.1, and 4.9 mg/100 g, respectively, with a median ORP of 0.90, 0.48, and 0.06%. Hence resistance to thermal oxidation was in the order of PAE > PSE > FPS. POP formation was highest in enriched butter followed by margarine and rapeseed oil. In margarines with 7.5–10.5% added PSE oven‐heated at 140–200°C for 5–30 min, median POP content was 0.3 mg/100 g. Further heating under same temperature conditions but for 60–120 min markedly increased POP formation to 384.3 mg/100 g. Estimated daily upper POP intake was 47.7 mg/d (equivalent to 0.69 mg/kg BW/d) for foods with added PSE and 78.3 mg/d (equivalent to 1.12 mg/kg BW/d) for foods with added FPS as calculated by multiplying the advised upper daily phytosterol intake of 3 g/d with the 90% quantile values of ORP. In conclusion, heating temperature and time, chemical form of phytosterols added and the food matrix are determinants of POP formation in foods with added phytosterols, leading to an increase in POP contents. Practical applications: Phytosterol oxidation products (POP) are formed in foods containing phytosterols especially when exposed to heat treatment. This review summarising POP contents in foods with added phytosterols in their free and esterified forms reveals that heating temperature and time, the chemical form of phytosterols added and the food matrix itself are determinants of POP formation with heating temperature and time having the biggest impact. The estimated upper daily intakes of POP is 78.3 mg/d for fat‐based products with added free plant sterols and 47.7 mg/d for fat‐based products with added plant sterol esters. Phytosterols in foods are susceptible to oxidation to form phytosterol oxidation products (POP). This review summarizes literature data regarding POP contents of foods with added phytosterols that were exposed to storage and heat treatments.     

植物酚的开发利用

综述了植物酚的性质、用途及开发前景。     

Influence of calcium and magnesium content of coconut oil on deposit and performance of plant oil pressure stoves

The influence of calcium and magnesium content of plant oil on performance and formation of deposits in plant oil pressure stoves was the objective of this study. Refined coconut oil of pharmaceutical quality was used as base for fuel blends. Enriched oils comprising four different concentrations of calcium CC and five different concentrations of magnesium MC were prepared by adding single element organometallic standards. During burning tests, the specific fuel consumption, the required frequency of nozzle cleaning and the amount of deposits in the vaporizer were measured.Deposits DEP increased as the level of calcium in the fuel blends increased to 0.17 g/kg for the control and reached 10.08 g/kg for the test fuel CC42. The same was also valid for magnesium-enriched fuel blends. However, reduced concentrations of earth alkaline lead to a higher amount of deposits with 11.94 g/kg for MC18.For CC5, CC10 and CC26 the specific fuel consumption was in a range between 0.266 and 0.294 kg/h, with CC42, being significantly reduced to 0.207 kg/h. Test fuels enriched with magnesium showed a similar behaviour, where a reduction of the specific fuel consumption for the high magnesium contents of MC18 and MC26 was observed.     

10万t/a尿基NPK复合肥装置技术改造及经济技术评价

讨论了辽河通达化工股份有限公司10万t/a 的尿基NPK复合肥装置存在的问题，介绍了解决这些问题的改造方案并对此作了技术经济评价。     

Influence of free fatty acid content of coconut oil on deposit and performance of plant oil pressure stoves

In tropical and subtropical countries, utilization of unprocessed plant oil or used frying oil as household cooking fuel promises to be a competitive alternative to well known fuels like wood and kerosene. However, the use of unprocessed plant oil in plant oil pressure stoves leads to the formation of deposits inside the vaporizer, which have to be removed from time to assure a proper operation of the plant oil pressure stove.Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of free fatty acid content of coconut oil on performance and deposit formation in plant oil pressure stoves. Test fuels with different levels of free fatty acid content were prepared by aerating the coconut oil with dry air (5.04 l O₂/kg h) at a temperature of 85 °C. Experiments were performed with the plant oil pressure stove ’Protos’ (BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH).As a result, 0.15 g of deposits per kg of consumed oil was found for fresh coconut oil with free fatty acid content of 0.03%, which served as control. Aged oil with a free fatty acid content of 23.1% resulted in 6.48 g deposits per kg of consumed test fuel. Conradson carbon residue CCR of 0.18% was low for control and increased to 0.82% for aged oil. Specific fuel consumption was in a range between 0.284 and 0.304 kg/h without significant differences between the fuels. Performance of the plant oil pressure stove was not affected by the amount of free fatty acids in the plant oil. However, lower heating value decreased from initial 35 MJ/kg for control to 30 MJ/kg for aged fuel, and as consequence power output from plant oil pressure stove decreased. Therefore, plant oils with free fatty acid content below 5%, which is equivalent to an acid value of 10 mg KOH/g, are recommended as fuels for plant oil pressure stoves.     

植物纤维/热塑性树脂复合材料的研究

本文对提高植物纤维／热塑性树脂复合材料性能的关键技术问题进行分析,并根据木粉填充改性ＰＰ、ＨＤＰＥ和ＡＢＳ树脂的实验结果,对如何改善植物纤维／热塑性树脂的界面胶接作用进行探讨。研究表明：采用Ａ１５１对木粉进行表面处理,通过在植物纤维／热塑性树脂的界面形成化学键合作用,可有效改善植物纤维／热塑性树脂的界面胶接作用和提高植物纤维／热塑性树脂复合材料的力学性能。     

橡胶干燥箱结构的改进

分析了橡胶装置干燥箱结构上存在的问题 ,提出了相应的改进方案。