MODERN MILK PRODUCTION METHODS IN THE EEC - IN SCOTLAND

The future of the farming industry in Scotland as planned in the Government White Paper, and the significance of the part played by milk production is discussed. Comparisons between average herd sizes in the EEC and those of Scotland, the North of Scotland and Morayshire are given and methods of milking and feeding shown. The need for better grass, better management and building, also the importance of simple record keeping is stressed (Editor's summary).     

THE ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION

British agriculture continues in a state of stagnation and turmoil staggering from Government indecision to Government mis-direction including the best selling fairy story the White Paper 'Food from our own resources". Few new dairy units will be built until either milk price is significantly increased or building grants raised. Current return on investment in new dairy units less than 10 per cent. Rotary parlours still in need of further development and greater reliability. Most expensive to maintain is the rotary herringbone costing in repairs alone almost £ 2/1000 gal of milk produced. Manufacturers appear to be continuing to use farmers as guinea pigs. A major problem facing dairy producers is the constant threat of a brucellosis breakdown, the threatened abolition of the service house and increasing costs in all sectors. The solution to problems can really only come from intelligent Government leadership.     

乳糖酶在生产低乳糖奶中的应用研究

为了确定不同种类乳糖酶的活性,系统地研究了不同种类乳糖酶的水解乳糖效果,当加热温度39℃和加热时间2h条件下,酵母菌种类的乳糖酶的水解率均能达到最高,达94.05%.当加热时间和温度固定时,若水解率均要求达到90%以上,黑曲酶种类酶添加浓度最高,迭0.2%.最终得出乳糖酶性能从高到低的顺序为酵母菌乳糖酶、米曲酶乳糖酶和黑曲酶乳糖酶.     

CLEANING AND DISINFECTION IN MILK PRODUCTION

Methods for reducing bacterial contamination derived from surfaces of cows' teats and milking equipment, the main sources of bacteria in raw milk, are described. Examples are given showing the effects of refrigerated storage on bacterial counts in raw milk. Costs of cleaning and prospects for cold cleaning and disinfection are considered.     

THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF MILK PROTEINS

The paper describes the progress during the last decade of the production of edible casein from skim milk, later, calcium caseinate and calcium co-precipitates. Various types of plant for commercial production of casein are evaluated. The process of precipitation is discussed in full, also the importance of efficient washing, pressing and drying. The manufacture of sodium caseinate is described and the physical problems and techniques in obtaining a solution of wet curd emphasized. The advantage of standardizing caseinate solutions for viscosity is stressed.     

现代控制技术—PLC在制粉生产线中的应用

通过对PLC自动控制技术在制粉生产线中应用情况的介绍,剖析了PLC系统的组成,并总结出其运行特点。