Surface area and pore structure of hydrothermal reaction products of granulated blast furnace slag

Specific surface areas and pore structure studies were carried out on autoclaved slag-lime and slag-quartz-lime pastes. Autoclaving temperatures were 181 and 213°C. Water and nitrogen adsorption isotherms were measured and their results are comparatively discussed. The specific surface areas measured by water were appreciably higher than the nitrogen surface areas, whereas the total pore volumes measured by water were found to be smaller. A probable explanation was given to this unexpected behaviour, based mainly on the interaction between the polar water molecule and the ionic surface, which takes place in a pore structure with narrower entrance way than inside pore size. This interaction might interfere with the further adsorption, blocking the entrances to further capillary condensation of water vapour.     

高性能炭分子筛膜支撑体的制备研究

采用湿法球磨与粒子烧结相结合的方法,以α-Al2O3为主要原料,干压成型法制备出性能较高的炭分子筛膜支撑体.经过各种表征手段分析,所得支撑体具有均布的孔隙结构和较窄的孔径分布,并探讨了致孔剂种类、干燥制度、烧结温度及球磨时间对炭分子筛膜支撑体性能的影响.结果表明,1 250℃下烧结然后保温2h、球磨时间为4h时,制备的高渗透通量炭分子筛膜支撑体平均孔径为0.4μm、孔隙率为46％.     

炭化工艺对酚醛树脂基碳分子筛性能的影响

以工业酚醛树脂为碳源,三嵌段聚合物F127为模板剂,制备碳分子筛。采用N_2吸附-脱附对制备的碳分子筛进行表征,研究炭化制备工艺对碳分子筛孔径分布的影响。结果表明,炭化温度、炭化时间和炭化升温速率对碳分子筛孔径分布影响较大。在炭化升温速率为1℃·min~(-1)、炭化温度800℃和炭化时间1 h条件下制备的碳分子筛孔径分布最为集中,BET比表面积716.59 m~2·g~(-1),单点总孔容0.557 75 cm~3·g~(-1),单点吸附微孔孔容0.301 81 cm~3·g~(-1)。     

Synthesis of mesoporous carbon and its adsorption property to biomolecules

Mesoporous carbon (MC) with high surface area and large pore volume was synthesized using mesophase pitch as a carbon precursor and nanosized MgO as an additive. The maximum surface area, largest pore volume and highest mesoporous ratio of as-prepared MC were up to 1400 m²/g, 2.8 cm³/g and 89%, respectively. The mesoporous structures (3–40 nm) of MC were directly observed under SEM and TEM. The adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of MC to vitamin B₁₂ (VB), chicken egg white albumin (CEWA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were proportional to the mesopore volume and average pore size. MC (PM4-OC) exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity to the typical biomolecules, 486, 140 and 176 mg/g for VB, CEWA and BSA, respectively. In contrast, Maxsorbs (commercial activated carbons) with a surprising surface area gave a very low adsorption to such biomolecules. The research indicates that MC may be potential in the selective adsorption and separation of biomolecules, based on a molecule sieve effect.     

ADSORPTION OF POLAR AND NONPOLAR FLUIDS IN FINITE-LENGTH CARBON SLIT PORE: A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION STUDY

A grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation (GCMC) method is used to study adsorption in a carbon slit pore of finite length. Methane is used as a model for the nonpolar molecule, while the polar molecule is modeled as water. The behavior of a nonpolar molecule in the finite-length pore is investigated and compared with that obtained for a commonly used infinite slit pore. The adsorption of methane in the finite pore is significantly different from that in the infinite pore, both the capacity and the hysteresis loop. In addition to nonpolar molecules, the adsorption of water in finite pores has also been studied. The adsorption of water on activated carbon is very complex, and it strongly depends on the concentration as well as the position of the functional groups in the pore. For both cases of nonpolar and polar fluids, effects of pore size on the behavior of adsorption isotherms are also investigated.     

铁离子改性碳分子筛对氮气/甲烷分离性能的研究

针对碳分子筛对氮气/甲烷分离体系分离比低的问题,采用浸渍法以市售空分碳分子筛（CMS）为基体,制备了分离氮气/甲烷的铁离子改性碳分子筛。通过静态吸附量、分离比、吸附动力学及热力学性质考察了铁离子负载量对碳分子筛吸附分离氮气/甲烷性能的影响。结果表明：铁（Ⅲ）的负载减小了CMS的比表面积、微孔体积和孔径,使CMS超微孔的孔径分布呈现更集中的趋势。这种集中性以动力学性能下降为代价,明显提高了碳分子筛对氮气/甲烷的吸附分离比。在303 K、0.7 MPa条件下,综合性能优异的0.3%铁改性CMS具有6.03的氮气/甲烷吸附分离比。     

炭分子筛的表征

炭分子筛是浓缩煤层气变压吸附机组的关键材料,性能的好坏直接影响变压吸附机组的性能。通过在77 K下N2的吸脱附等温线对炭分子筛的比表面积、孔径分布进行测定,通过吸附试验对炭分子筛吸附N2,O2,CO2,CH4,H2的能力及N2和CH4在炭分子筛上的吸附速度进行比较,以确定不同炭分子筛分离气体的能力。     

VOCs在分子筛上吸附性能的研究进展

简单介绍了一些常见分子筛的构型及特点,讨论了不同构型分子筛对各种VOCs废气吸附效果的研究进展。总结了各类分子筛对VOCs的吸附特性,发现立方构型的分子筛对VOCs废气的吸附效果最佳。小结了影响分子筛吸附性能的因素,发现分子筛的比表面积、孔容、硅铝比、表面官能团等自身性质都会对吸附VOCs废气的性能产生一定的影响。另外,分子筛的吸附容量还与吸附时的进气流速、入口气体浓度、吸附剂床层高度等工况有关。最后,对现有研究做了总结与展望,为分子筛吸附VOCs的合理应用提供了理论支持。     

组合处理工艺下硅藻土微观组织演变及孔隙结构变化

将硅藻土制成硅藻土/分子筛复合材料,其比表面积和吸附能力将显著提高。本文利用水洗-烧结-酸性水热系列组合处理工艺制备硅藻土/磷酸铝分子筛复合材料,同时验证外加铝源形成磷酸铝分子筛的可行性,探讨高品质硅藻土形成时的微观组织演变行为及孔隙结构变化规律。结果表明:硅藻土的孔隙结构包括大孔、介孔和少量的微孔结构,水洗处理仅有物理提纯作用;500 ℃烧结可以疏通硅藻土壳体的孔洞,但烧结温度过高会导致管状结构的坍塌;酸性水热处理能够合成具有介孔结构的磷酸铝分子筛,而且随着外加铝源的加入,硅藻土/分子筛复合材料中磷酸铝分子筛含量增加,当外加铝源为硅藻土中铝含量的1.5倍时,其比表面积和吸附性能达到最大。     

分子筛材料在VOCs吸附中的研究进展

挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的大量排放对我国大气环境已造成严重污染。本文综述了针对工业VOCs排放浓度低、风量大、含水等特点,分子筛作为较成熟的吸附材料在VOCs吸附处理中的应用。影响分子筛吸附VOCs的因素有孔径结构、表面性质、疏水性等。研究表明,与吸附质动力学尺寸相匹配的孔径和具有多级孔的分子筛吸附性能优良,引入适宜补偿阳离子也可加强吸附。文中指出：提高硅铝比或硅烷化改性来提高分子筛疏水性以及免除模板剂使用,降低成本,减小污染成为当下发展主流;在制备方法上打破传统水热合成法,使用固相法、微波辅助、晶种导入来降低能耗,实现绿色合成已成为新兴话题;研发多功能整体式材料以及吸附法和多种方法相结合来处理VOCs已成为未来发展趋势。     

介孔SBA-15的孔径尺寸对小牛血清蛋白和溶菌酶蛋白吸附的影响(英文)

In this paper,the effects of pore-size of SBA-15 on the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of large protein molecules Bovine serum albumin(BSA)and lysozyme(LYS)have been investigated.The mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 with six different pore sizes were synthesized with P123 triblock copolymer as the template agent,and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene(TMB)and isopropyl alcohol as the pore-expanding agent.The samples were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption,Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD).It is found that BSA and LYS were adsorbed rapidly on SBA-15 materials with large pores.The BSA adsorption capacity of sieve with the pore diameter of 21.4 nm reached 500 mg·g-1 within 25 minutes.However,if the pore diameter was smaller than 14 nm,the BSA adsorption capacity of the sieve was only about 220 mg·g-1.The adsorption equilibrium data fits in the Langmuir model,where the coefficient of effective use of specific area of mesoporous molecular sieve was found to be 0.03,0.18,0.37 and 0.48,corresponding to the pore diameter of 10.1 nm,13.2 nm,15.4 nm and 21.4 nm,respectively.The equilibrium loading amount of LYS on SBA-15 materials with pore size of 15.4 nm could be up to 1000 mg·g-1.The coefficient of effective use of surface area of mesoporous molecular sieve with diameter of 3.9 nm,7.4 nm,10.1 nm,13.2 nm and 15.4 nm was 0.10,0.47,0.56,0.71 and 0.79,respectively.It is also noted that greater pore size of mesoporous molecular sieve would lead to a higher coefficient of effective use of surface area.     

The effects of hydrothermal and thermal treatment on structure of Ni (or Co)-mesoporous molecular sieves

Ni (or Co)-mesoporous molecular sieve was hydrothermally synthesized from sodium silicate, nickel chloride or cobalt chloride. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a template. The samples were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Fourier transform infrared spectrosocopy (FT-IR) and N₂ physical adsorption. The results show that the long-range ordered Ni (or Co)-mesoporous molecular sieve was synthesized. The as prepared Ni-mesoporous molecular sieve has a specific surface area of 753 m²/g and an average pore size of 3.23 nm, and the pore structure of the as prepared Ni-mesoporous molecular sieve still existed after calcination at 750°C for 3 h or hydrothermal treatment at 100°C for 5 days. On the other hand, the as prepared Co-mesoporous molecular sieve has a specific surface area of 744 m²/g and an average pore size of 4.44 nm. The as prepared Co-mesoporous molecular sieve was transformed into wormhole-like mesoporous structure after calcination at 650°C or hydrothermal treatment at 100°C for 5 days and the mesoporous ordering became very poor after calcination at 750°C for 3 h.     

Y分子筛负载V基催化剂的丙烷氧化脱氢性能

以Y分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备不同V含量的V/Y系列催化剂,并考察其丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯的催化性能。通过BET、XRD、H_2-TPR和NH_3-TPD等技术对催化剂的物化性能进行表征。结果表明,Y分子筛具有大比表面积和窄孔径分布的特点,使负载的V能够形成高分散和孤立态V—O物种,负载的V物种堵塞了Y分子筛的小孔孔道,同时Y分子筛的弱酸性位有助于丙烷的吸附,对晶格氧活化丙烷起到了协同作用,负载V质量分数6%时,催化效果最好。     

粉煤灰合成中孔分子筛MCM-41及其吸附性能

以粉煤灰为初始原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板剂采用水热法合成出中孔分子筛MCM-41,采用小角XRD、TEM、氮气吸附-脱附等对样品的物相、比表面积、孔径、孔体积等进行表征,并研究了样品分子筛对镍离子的吸附性能。结果表明：样品具有典型中孔分子筛MCM-41的特性,比表面积为576 m^2/g,平均孔径为5.53 nm;Ni^2＋能定量吸附在样品分子筛上,最大去除率可达到96%,吸附性能符合Langmuir吸附方程特征,并且随吸附液pH的增大,Ni^2＋去除率也随之增加。     

氮吸附法表征多孔材料的孔结构

采用低温氮吸附法表征了具有不同孔结构的碳纳米管、碳分子筛、活性炭、分子筛和石墨化炭黑等多孔材料的孔径分布。氮吸附一脱附等温线利用康塔公司NOVA3000在相对压力0．001-1范围内测定。五种材料的比表面积在100-1000m2／g之间。低压下的吸附等温线和高压下的脱附等温线分别用HK方法和BJH方法解析,结果表明:五种多孔材料既含有发达的微孔,又含有一定数量的中孔。孔径大小及其分布的细微信息在色谱采样中能够预测吸附剂的吸附性能,也是新型多孔材料开发的关键。     

Polymer polarity and surfactant adsorption

The effect of polymer polarity on surfactant adsorption from aqueous solution is discussed. The analysis assumes that surfactant adsorption at the polymer–water interface follows a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm and the free energy of adsorption is controlled by the interfacial tension of the interface. Saturation adsorption given by the area per molecule of surfactant at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant is related to the polymer–water interfacial tension and the polarity of the polymer surface, calculated from the polar and dispersion contributions to the polymer surface energy. Available data on the area per molecule of sodium lauryl sulfate on various polymer surfaces have been used to test satisfactorily the above analysis. The analysis is used to interpret some of the observations relating to surfactant adsorption encountered in the emulsion polymerization of polar monomers and particle size determination of latexes by the soap titration method. Further, potential utility of such area per molecule data to characterize the nature of polymer surfaces is also discussed.     

炭分子筛的孔径分布研究

采用容积法测定了CO2在两种炭分子筛（CMS-200A、CMS-200B）上的吸附等温线,温度为273K、相对压力为0.000001～0.9。通过HK模型和D-R方程对吸附平衡数据进行分析,计算得到了两种炭分子筛的孔径分布。结果表明：两者的孔径分布主要在0.35～0.8nm之间,CMS-200B的平均孔径略大于CMS-200A。HK模型和D-R方程两种方法均可以反映出两种炭分子筛孔径分布的差异,且计算得到的结论是一致的。     

水热条件下CuMCM-41介孔分子筛的合成与表征

以硅酸钠(Na2SiO3·9H2O)、氯化铜(CuCl2·6H2O)等无机盐为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,通过水热法合成CuMCM-41介孔分子筛.分别采用X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、透射电子显微镜和N2吸附-脱附等技术,对产物的晶相、结构、形貌、比表面积和孔径分布进行了表征.同时研究金属铜添加量与比表面积、孔径之间的关系.结果表明:合成出的4种不同铜含量的CuMCM01介孔分子筛,其比表面积最高可达1032.41m2/g,平均孔径在3.4～4.0 nm之间.随着介孔分子筛中掺杂的金属铜含量的增加,介孔分子筛的比表面积变小、介孔有序性变差.当原料配比增加到n(SiO2):n(CuO)=1:0.2时,合成出的CuMCM-41介孔分子筛有序性很差.     

炭纤维基复合吸附材料的制备及其气体分离性能研究

活性炭纤维基复合炭分子筛材料作为一种新型的吸附材料,具有丰富而发达的微孔结构、大的比表面积和优异的导电性能,这些性质使其具有独特的气体分离性能。本文以沥青基活性炭纤维和酚醛树脂为原料制备复合炭分子筛材料,用扫描电镜和氮吸附等温线法研究其外观型态和孔隙结构,在变电吸附工艺条件下以CO2为探针考察了此类复合吸附材料的分离性能。