HTPB/AP复合推进剂装药直径对冲击波点火的影响

为研究HTPB／AP复合推进剂装药直径对冲击波点火的影响作用,用隔板实验测试了不同装药直径对冲击波点火临界燃烧厚度及峰值压力的影响。确定了最佳药柱直径,并对其点火可靠性及药柱受冲击波点火后密度变化进行测试。结果表明,药柱直径与临界燃烧隔板厚度及冲击波强度有着密切的关系。密度为1．563g／cm^3时,HTPB／AP复合推进剂的最佳冲击波点火推进剂装药直径为40mm,且冲击波点火可靠性良好,药柱受冲击波作用后,密度发生一定变化。     

固体含能工质等离子体单药粒点火特性分析

作为固体工质电热化学（SPETC）炮等离子体点火特性的基础性研究,本文利用等离子体切割机提供的等离子体源,对单基、多基火药的等离子体点火特性进行了实验研究,得出了不同类型火药在不同点火强度条件下的点火特性,为后续的等离子体内弹道环境点火特性研究提供了基础。     

LOVA发射药点火燃烧性能

制备了含有两种不同黏结剂的低易损性发射药(即LOVA发射药),并应用点火燃烧模拟装置与密闭爆发器对其点火燃烧性能进行了研究。结果表明,LOVA发射药难点火,但在点火药中添加高氯酸铵后可有效改善LOVA发射药的点火性能。LOVA发射药燃烧具有燃速系数低、燃速压力指数高等特点。     

Theoretical and experimental studies of chiral polyurethanes

The theoretical and experimental design strategies of chiral polyurethanes with good second harmonic generation efficiencies are discussed. The noncentrosymmetry of the polymers was broken by means of chiral and chemical poling. Different varieties of main chain chiral polymers are obtained by varying the composition of chiral and amido diol monomers using DBTDL catalyst. The designed chiral polymer architecture gives rise to high molecular weight polymers by the polyaddition polymerization with good thermal stability, linear and nonlinear optical activity. The polymer with isomannide as chiral moiety and CED (obtained by the aminolysis of ε-Caprolactone with 1, 2 diamino ethane) as amido diol monomer is found to possess high second harmonic generation efficiency. Both theoretical and experimental studies based on second order nonlinearity indicated that the designed chiral polyurethanes are useful for various nonlinear optical applications.     

Theoretical and experimental studies of multiple nucleation

The theory of the potentiostatic current transient for three-dimensional multiple nucleation with diffusion controlled growth is discussed. Reliable values of nuclear number densities and nucleation rates are obtained from the analysis of the current maximum, and good agreement is obtained with experimental data for nucleation in several electrochemical systems. The termination of the nucleation process by the expansion of diffusion fields is considered, as well as the deviations from randomness observed in the distribution of nuclei on the electrode surface.     

发射过程中某硝胺发射装药的动态挤压破碎情况

利用发射装药动态挤压破碎试验装置对发射过程中低温、常温、高温发射装药的挤压破碎情况进行了模拟动态挤压破碎试验,用发射装药起始动态活度比确定了多种试验条件下破碎发射装药的起始动态活度比,可定量表征发射装药的破碎程度。结果表明,该发射装药在常温、高温下力学性能较好,低温时在相应力学环境下破碎严重。根据试验结果,建立了最大挤压应力与装药破碎程度之间的定量关系。     

丁羟复合推进剂的辐射点火

采用CO2激光点火装置,对丁羟复合推进剂的点火过程进行了实验研究,利用描述固体推进剂物化现象的一维传热模型对复合推进剂的辐射点火特性进行了理论分析。通过最小二乘法拟合实验数据得到了丁羟复合推进剂的点火准则。结果表明,丁羟复合推进剂的点火过程主要包括惰性加热及气相点火过程,惰性加热时间和点火延迟时间随热流密度的增大而减小,且随着热流密度的增大,热流密度的影响逐渐降低。固相传热数学模型能够比较准确地描述复合推进剂的辐射点火特性。     

ETPE发射药等离子体点火的燃烧特性

为解决ETPE发射药点火延迟时间长及难点火的问题,用高功率脉冲电源通过等离子体发生器产生电弧等离子体点燃ETPE发射药,并研究了ETPE发射药在等离子体作用条件下的点火燃烧特性.结果表明,与常规点火方式相比,等离子体作用使ETPE发射药的燃速显著增强,点火延迟期缩短,点火的一致性改变.分析认为,等离子体高温高速射流的强作用使得RDX颗粒快速越过吸热熔融过程达到分解放热阶段,所以ETPE发射药点火延迟期缩短以及燃烧初期燃速提高.     

带延迟点火部件的发射药点火性能试验研究

为了更好地研究发射药的点火性能,在基于密闭爆发器原理的点火性能测试装置基础上增加了一个延迟点火部件,构建了一个新型点火性能模拟试验装置,根据该装置建立了简单的火药分层点火过程模型,模拟并对比了高能太根-18/1、双芳-3-18/1及NR11-18/1三种发射药的点火性能。结果表明,NR11-18/1发射药较易点火,双芳-3-18/1发射药最难点火,点火时间分别为19和45ms。增加延迟点火部件后,可将点火药的燃烧和发射药的燃烧阶段有效区分,不仅有利于对比点火性能差异较小的发射药之间的区别,还有助于分析发射药低压段的燃烧速度。随着延迟点火部件长度的增加,点火时间也增长。     

Theoretical and experimental studies of confined vortex flow

A study of the air flow characteristics is reported for a vortex chamber 122 cm in diameter consisting of an upper cylindrical section 61 cm high and of a lower conical section 108 cm high. Measurements were made with a five-channel pressure probe of the radial profiles of tangential and axial velocities, with varying inlet air velocity and axial distance from the top of the chamber. Measurements of the static pressure profiles were made simultaneously. Finally, the angle of flow of the air entering through the single tangential inlet could be adjusted, and its effects on the flow recorded. From these results and from a theoretical analysis, generalized expressions for the tangential velocity profiles were obtained for the two regions of flow, forced-vortex and quasi-free vortex, which prevail in a confined vortex chamber, as a function of the entrance air velocity and of the radius at the point considered only. The angle of entering air was found to have no effect on the tangential velocity and only a minor effect on the static pressure distribution. The outlet diameter of the chamber was found to have a large effect on the profile of the axial velocities, reflecting the influence of the chamber static pressure on the later.     

Theoretical and experimental studies of confined vortex flow

A study of the air flow characteristics is reported for a vortex chamber 122 cm in diameter consisting of an upper cylindrical section 61 cm high and of a lower conical section 108 cm high. Measurements were made with a five-channel pressure probe of the radial profiles of tangential and axial velocities, with varying inlet air velocity and axial distance from the top of the chamber. Measurements of the static pressure profiles were made simultaneously. Finally, the angle of flow of the air entering through the single tangential inlet could be adjusted, and its effects on the flow recorded. From these results and from a theoretical analysis, generalized expressions for the tangential velocity profiles were obtained for the two regions of flow, forced-vortex and quasi-free vortex, which prevail in a confined vortex chamber, as a function of the entrance air velocity and of the radius at the point considered only. The angle of entering air was found to have no effect on the tangential velocity and only a minor effect on the static pressure distribution. The outlet diameter of the chamber was found to have a large effect on the profile of the axial velocities, reflecting the influence of the chamber static pressure on the latter.     

Theoretical and experimental studies of network formation and properties

A survey of recent work on pre-gel intramolecular reaction and gelation in oxypropylene-triol and tetrol-based polyester and polyurethane network-forming systems is presented, and relationships between the properties of the networks formed at complete reaction and the product of extents of reaction at gelation (α_c) are discussed. In contrast to that in corresponding linear reaction systems, the amount of pre-gel intramolecular reaction in the triol-based polyurethanes is never negligible, even in bulk. Kilb's model of RA₂ + RB_f type gelling systems has been reanalysed and a more accurate condition for gelation evaluated. The shear moduli and T_gs of dry networks are found to increase as α_c increases, indicating that these properties are strongly dependent on the amount of pre-gel loop formation. Extrapolated values of the shear moduli indicate that perfect, affine rather than phantom networks would be formed by reaction systems having the ideal gel point [α_c = (f ? 1)^?1].     

一种低易损固体发射药的等离子体点火及燃烧特性

采用密闭爆发器实验对低易损性(LOVA)发射药等离子体点火和燃烧性能进行了实验研究,通过分析P-t曲线和dP／dt-P／P-曲线的变化规律,探讨了等离子体对该种火药作用机理,以便进一步研究它用于电热化学炮发射试验中的装药结构和增强燃烧的机理。     

模块装药点传火过程的数值模拟

在各种点传火方案试验研究工作的基础上,建立了一维两相流数学物理模型,采用MacCormack差分格式和龙格-库塔法模拟刚性组合装药点火过程,数值模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。     

发射药及装药燃烧残渣的研究进展

针对身管武器射击中消除或减少燃烧残渣的要求,对发射药及装药燃烧残渣的研究进行了综述。根据燃烧残渣在身管武器及射击环境中的存在位置,将其分为膛内燃烧残渣和膛外燃烧残渣;分析了燃烧残渣的特性及危害、收集分析技术、抑制技术等;提出今后发射药及装药燃烧残渣研究的重点方向是新型材料在低燃烧残渣发射药及装药中的应用、实弹射击过程中燃烧残渣测试评价方法的研究以及抑制技术的集成优化等。附参考文献72篇。     

一种新型LOVA发射药点火性能的研究

采用点火模拟试验方法，对新型LOVA发射药的点火性能进行了研究，提出了一种预估发射药点火难易的方法。结果表明：在相同的试验条件下该LOVA发射药较单基药难点燃；在密闭爆发器实验中延迟时间短的发射药相应地在点火实验中较容易点燃。     

HTPB/AP复合推进剂冲击波点火实验研究

根据增效射孔器的实际作用,以AP-丁羟（HTPB/AP）复合推进剂为研究对象,利用隔板试验研究了冲击波对AP-丁羟复合推进剂的点火性能,结果表明,合理控制冲击波强度能够使AP-丁羟复合推进剂可靠点燃,并为其它推进剂的点火提供了一种新方法.     

SF-3发射药的等离子体点火中止燃烧试验

采用有剪切膜片控压的密闭爆发器分别在等离子体点火和常规点火条件下进行该发射药的燃烧性能和中止燃烧两种比较试验.用扫描电镜观测了SF-3发射药的燃面变化情况.结果显示,在底喷式等离子体发生器作用下,SF-3发射药的燃烧表面存在大量微坑,使燃烧表面积大大增加,并导致SF-3发射药等离子体点火燃烧在一定程度上偏离几何燃烧规律.在常规点火条件下,SF-3发射药中止燃烧表面的Cu、C、O三种元素的归一化质量分数分别为0.7%、30.0%、69.3%,而在等离子体点火条件下则分别为3.0%、35.5%、61.5%,表明等离子体发生器所产生的高温C颗粒和Cu颗粒对SF-3发射药的燃烧有显著影响.     

发射装药挤压应力与破碎规律研究

建立了发射药粒在动态载荷下的挤压破碎过程动力学模型并进行了数值计算,基于发射装药挤压破碎试验装置,研制了挤压应力PVDF传感器,并进行了发射装药动态挤压应力试验。数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了数学模型的正确性和新型传感器设计的合理性,说明新型传感器可以用于发射装药挤压破碎试验中对发射装药颗粒间挤压应力的测量。